高考英語：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣

1、語法學(xué)案：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣 考點(diǎn)一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 主備人：王燕1can(1)表示能力。需注意的是，could表示過去一般的能力，而was/were able to表示有能力而且成功地做成了某事。However great the difficulties may be，we can overcome them.The fire spread through the building very quickly，but everyone was able to get (2)表示理論上的可能性，意為“有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”。Everything can happen；everything is p

2、ossible and probable. (3)表示請(qǐng)求和允許。在問句中，could比can語氣要委婉；但答語中要用can表示直截了當(dāng)。Could I use your cell phone?Of course you can. (4)表示推測(cè)，常用于疑問句和否定句。What can they be doing there?He can't be in the office，for the light has been turned off. 名師點(diǎn)津can't/can never be too./can't/can never be.enough表示“再也不為過”。

3、You can never be too careful/careful enough while driving a car. 2may(1)表示請(qǐng)求、允許，此時(shí)might比may的語氣更委婉。May/Might I play basketball this afternoon?No，you may not. (2)表示推測(cè)意為“可能、或許”。We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet. (3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you be happy every day and succeed in your work！祝你每

4、天都過得開心且工作順利！名師點(diǎn)津“may as well動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”。There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.3must(1)表示“必須，應(yīng)該”，must一般指主觀，而have to指客觀，表示“不得不”。We must do everything step by step.I have to go now for I've a meeting 15 minutes later. (2)表示推測(cè)，意為“一定會(huì)”，此時(shí)不能用于否定句。He must be ill.He looks so pale. (3)mus

5、tn't表禁止，而have to的否定式意為“不必”。Smoking mustn't be allowed in the office.Must we hand in our exercise today?No，you don't have to.、名師點(diǎn)津must表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)，意為“偏要，硬要”。If you must smoke，please go out.4shall(1)用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，用于征求對(duì)方的意見。Shall I buy some picture books for the children? (2)用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人給對(duì)

6、方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅；此外，當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用shall。You shall do as your teacher says.5should(1)表示勸告和建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。此時(shí)ought to比should語氣要強(qiáng)。You should/ought to put more effort into your work.(2)表示預(yù)測(cè)可能性，意為“按道理應(yīng)該會(huì)”。He left Paris in the morning.So he should arrive here by supper time. 名師點(diǎn)津should表示驚訝、意外等情緒，意為“竟然”。It is strange

7、that such things should happen in our school.6will/would(1)表示意愿，可用于各種人稱。We will never give up working，whatever happens. (2)表示“請(qǐng)求，建議”，此時(shí)would比will更委婉。Would you come into the bar and have a drink with me? 名師點(diǎn)津will/would表示習(xí)慣，意為“總是，習(xí)慣于”。與used to相比，would表示過去重復(fù)、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；而used to則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比。She'll listen

8、to music，alone in her room，for hours.Last year our English teacher would tell us stories in English after class. He used to spend all his money on food and drink，now he lives a simple life.7need/dareneed和dare既可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問句和否定句。He need not go if he doesn't want to.How dare you say

9、 such a thing?考點(diǎn)二 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done用法must have done一定做過某事，其否定形式為can't/couldn't have donecan/could have done1.本來能夠做但卻未做2.可能做過某事can't/couldn't have done不可能做過某事may/might have done或許/可能做過某事should/ought to have done本該做但卻未做，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了needn't have done做了本沒有必要做的事情Wang

10、Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.She must have gone through tough training.Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.考點(diǎn)三 虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形表示過去情況had過去分詞should/w

11、ould/could/mighthave過去分詞表示未來情況should動(dòng)詞原形should/would/ could/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式were to動(dòng)詞原形If I were you，I would take action right away.If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. If you should fail，what would you do?考點(diǎn)四 虛擬條件的三種特殊形式if省略句如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should，可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主語之

12、前形成倒裝，若為否定形式，not不可提前?；旌蠗l件句有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們各自表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表達(dá)，而是用but for，without等介詞(短語)或上下文來表示條件。用連詞otherwise，or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。虛擬條件通過but暗示出來，模式為“虛擬情況but真實(shí)情況”。Were it Sunday tomorrow，we should go to the Great Wall.If you had prepared in advance，you wouldn'

13、;t be in such an awkward position now.But for you，we couldn't have carried out the plan.要不是你的話，我們(當(dāng)時(shí))無法實(shí)行那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃?？键c(diǎn)五 虛擬語氣的其他情況1wish后面賓語從句的虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過去時(shí)與過去事實(shí)相反從句用過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反從句用would動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鳥，能在天空自由飛翔。2表示主張、命令、建議、要求等詞后的賓語從句中常用“(sh

14、ould)動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)名師點(diǎn)津當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)持說”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”時(shí)后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.這個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他沒有做錯(cuò)，堅(jiān)決要求馬上被釋放。The girl's pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doctor at once.這個(gè)女孩蒼白的臉色表明她病了，我建議她馬上去

15、看醫(yī)生。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.老師們建議父母，為了安全不要讓他們12歲以下的孩子騎車上學(xué)。3用于主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中(1)表示要求、命令、建議、意圖、決定、推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成it is動(dòng)詞的過去分詞that .時(shí)，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)動(dòng)詞原形。It is advised that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.有人建議

16、會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行。(2)表示要求、命令、建議、意圖、決定、推薦等意義的名詞，如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)動(dòng)詞原形。My request is that you (should) make an apology to your teacher. I made a suggestion to him that he should join the club activities. 4用于定語從句中It's (high/about) time (that) .句型中，從句的謂語動(dòng)

17、詞用一般過去時(shí)或should動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不可省略)，句意為“確實(shí)到了的時(shí)候了”。It is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.5用于as if引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。People treat him as if he were a dangerous person.He talks as if he had been to many countries.6用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，其用法相當(dāng)于wish后的賓語從句He didn't

18、pass the driving test，again.If only he had been more careful. 本節(jié)小結(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣均是近幾年高考重點(diǎn)考查的項(xiàng)目。對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重其表示推測(cè)與可能性的考查，其中考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)尤其突出。對(duì)虛擬語氣的考查常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的語氣混合在一起進(jìn)行。因此考生在備考中要了解常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征、語義特征以及相互間的區(qū)別；準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)、判斷的用法；虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用等方面。未來高考考查該類考點(diǎn)的有效信息會(huì)越來越隱蔽，情景會(huì)越來越生動(dòng)，考查角度也會(huì)越來越綜合化，因此考生要

19、給予足夠的重視。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1(2014·北京高考)_I have a word with you? It won't take long.2(2014·大綱全國(guó)卷)Although you _ find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.3(2014·湖南高考)I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we _ bring anything with us?4(

20、2014·江蘇高考)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.5(2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest _become the richest.6(2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.7(2014·重慶高考)I've ordered some pizz

21、a，so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.8(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Since nobody gave him any help，he _ have done the research on his own.9(2013·四川高考)Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.10(2013·陜西高考)My mom suggests that we _

22、 eat out for a change this weekend.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(2014·福建高考)_(be)there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.2(2014·湖南高考) If Mr Dewey _ (be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.3(2014·陜西高考)We

23、would rather our daughter _ (stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.4(2014·天津高考)If he _(catch) the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.5(2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or th

24、ey _ (come)to our help.6(2014·重慶高考)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do)it?7(2014·北京高考)We _(be)back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.8Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ (not be) always late

25、.9He insisted he _ (send) to the city.10His expression suggested that he _ (pass) the test.單選高考真題：1. (2014·江蘇卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could2. (2014·北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It won't take long. A. Can B. Must

26、C. Shall D. Should3. (2014·福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past. A. had thrown B

27、. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown5. (2014·陜西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay6. (2013·江蘇卷)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. though

28、t B. would think C. had thought D. have thought7. (2013·遼寧卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk8. (2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldn't B. couldn

29、9;t C. wouldn't D. mightn't9. (2012·江蘇卷)Happy birthday!Thank you! It's the best present I _ for.A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished10. (2012·重慶卷)_ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?Sorry sir，but it's urgen

30、t.A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would鞏固訓(xùn)練：1. You can't imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to the old.A. might B. need C. should D. would2. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can D. must3. _ it be Li Ping who broke

31、 the glass?No. It _ be Wang Hai who did it.A. Could；may B. Can；can C. May；must D. Can；must4. When the old man was alive，he _ sit for hours at the door.A. would B. could C. must D. might5. He _ have been sent to hospital immediately.So he_，but all efforts made no difference.A. should；was B. must；did

32、C. ought to；had D. can；has6. He denied _ stolen these watches and insisted that he _ set free at once.A. having；be B. to have；be C. having；was D. to have；was7. Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?I would have，but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be8. Madonna _ a straightA student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. could have been9. He _ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying