高中英語必修一Unit4 Earthquakes 教案之語言點詳解

1、M1Unit4 Earthquakes詞匯教案新人教版高一英語必修一第四單元Earthquakes 教案之語言點詳解詞匯詳解：一 詞語辨析  1. congratulate / celebrate 【解釋】congratulate 對他人祝賀為目的，側(cè)重以言語表示祝賀。celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ our success. 答案: 1). cong

2、ratulate2). celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm【解釋】destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。 ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結(jié)果。 harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的

3、適當(dāng)形式填空1). You may get _ in that shop.2). He cant _ her. She sees through him every time.答案:1). cheated2). fool3. rise / raise / lift【解釋】rise 普通用詞，指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動。raise 及物動詞，多指把某物從低處升到高處。lift 語氣比raise強，指用體力或機械的力舉起或抬起某物?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). She _ her eyes from her work.2). _ me up, mummy-I cant se

4、e.3). The plane was then able to _ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise4. hurt / injure / wound【解釋】hurt 一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害.wound 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The soldier was _ in the arm in the w

5、ar.2). She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3). I was very much _ at his words.答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurt二 詞性變化 1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦頭suffering  n.  苦難；痛苦suf

6、ferer n.受苦者; 受難者【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (nation)2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation)3） _ children were calling for their mothers. (frighten)4） The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)5） It is even _ to think of the ho

7、rrors of nuclear war. (frighten)6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer)8) There is so much _ in this world. (suffer)答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened 5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering   重點詞匯1. burst v.&n. 爆裂

8、, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂典例 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個紅色的氣球突然爆了。2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一聽到這則消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy則突然大哭起來。4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 歌聲結(jié)束后響起了一陣掌聲。重點用法

9、burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭練習(xí) 中譯英1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常凍裂。_2). 太陽突然從云端里露出來。_答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.2). The sun burst through the clouds.2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救典例 1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the

10、 river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 營救隊在這次地震期間進(jìn)行了無數(shù)次救援。3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起來。重點用法rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue worke

11、rs 救援人員練習(xí) 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計典例 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。2).

12、She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。3). The blind cant judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。4). Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。重點用法judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為judging from 從來看， 根據(jù)判斷練習(xí) 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空1). _his appearance, he must be a rich man.2). _ , he must be from the south.答案: 1)

13、. Judging2). In her judgment4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)）典例 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風(fēng)使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。重點用法be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅練習(xí) 中譯英1). 那

14、建筑物已成斷壁殘垣。_2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。_答案: 1). The building is in ruins. 2). The church has fallen into ruin.四 重點詞組  1. right away 立刻，馬上典例1).Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。短語歸納“立刻，馬上”的表達(dá)方式：right away，right now，at once

15、，immediately， in no time練習(xí) 中譯英1). 請立刻把它打印出來。答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finished）典例1). The war was finally at an end. 戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束了。短語歸納與end搭配的常用短語 at the end of 在末尾by the end of 在末為止in the end 最后，終于at a loose end 無所事事，處于雜亂狀態(tài)make ends meet 收支相抵練習(xí) 用at the end of, by the

16、end of 和 in the end填空。1). How many English words have you learned _ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor _.3). My uncle will fly to China _ this year.答案: 1). by the end of2). in the end3). at the end of3. instead of 代替，而不是典例1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中國人不用刀叉

17、,用筷子。2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。短語歸納instead 是副詞，單獨使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“代替；相反”。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，其后面的動作，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙

18、”，除“代替”外，還有對乙作否定的意思，有時意為“不”。take the place of 作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。練習(xí) 單項選擇。1). Tractors _ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing _ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of答案:1). B2).

19、 D4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計的典例 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.短語歸納hundreds of數(shù)百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of數(shù)千的millions of數(shù)百萬的dozens of許多； 大量scores of 許多； 大量練習(xí) 選擇填空1). Every year _ foreign visitors come to Chin

20、a.A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands ofC. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands2). There were _ people in the hall.A. two scores of B. scores ofC. two and score D. two scores答案: 1). A2). B五 重點句子 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。 解釋 這句話中的looking for p

21、laces to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴隨狀況，這是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的一個用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原

22、因狀語從句。如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。 （3）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, b

23、reaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 （4）現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。（5）現(xiàn)在分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。如： A

24、 person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一個人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。（6）“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the years passin

25、g. 隨著時間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。 練習(xí) 中譯英1). 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。_2). 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。_答案:1). Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅

26、了。解釋All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個問題。I dont know all of them. 我并不認(rèn)識他們所有的人。表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用時表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Everyo

27、ne doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每個人都喜歡這個故事。Nobody likes the story. 沒人喜歡這個故事。Both of the students dont like the story. 并非這兩個學(xué)生這個故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個學(xué)生都不喜歡這個故事。練習(xí) 中譯英1). 并非這兩個學(xué)生這個故事。_2). 這兩個學(xué)生都不喜歡這個故事。_答案:1). Both of the students dont like the story.2). Neither of the students likes the story.六課文佳句背誦與仿寫 1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句【模仿1】李宇春現(xiàn)象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認(rèn)她的聲音是非常弱的。_答案：The