使役動詞的用法詳解

1、使役動詞 使役動詞1. 使役動詞是表示 使、令、讓、幫、叫 等意義的不完全及物動詞 ，主要有 使,令），let（ 讓），help（ 幫助），have（ 有；讓；從 事；允許；拿）等。2. 使役動詞后接受詞，再接原形不定詞作受詞補語。接賓語時，人稱代詞用賓格。He made me（賓格）laugh.他使我發(fā)笑。I let him go.我讓他走開。I helped him repair the car.我?guī)退蘩砥?。Please have him come here.請叫他到這里來。3. 使役動詞還可以接過去分詞作受詞補語。I have my hair cut every mon th.我每個

2、月理發(fā)。4. 使役動詞的被動語態(tài)的受詞補語用 不定詞，不用原形不定詞。（主）He made me laugh.他使我笑了。（被）1 was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。使役動詞有以下用法：a. have somebody do sth 讓某人去做某事I had him arrange for a car.b. have somebody doing sth. 讓某人持續(xù)做某事。He had us laugh ing all through lun ch.注意：用于否定名時，表示“允許”i won't have you running around in th

3、e house.我不允許你在家里到處亂跑。小議“使役動詞”的用法1. have sb do讓某人干某事e.g:What would you have me do?have sb/sth doi ng讓某人或某事處于某種狀態(tài)，聽任e.g: I won't have wome n work ing in our compa ny. The two cheats had the light bur ning all ni ght long.have sth done讓別人干某事，遭受到e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.He ha

4、d his pocket picked.notes: "d one"這個動作不是主語發(fā)出來的。2. make sb do sth 讓某人干某事e.g:They made me repeat the story.What makes the grass grow?no tes: I was made to repeat the story.make sb/sthdon e/adj./ne.g. The n ews made him happy.He could n't make himselfheard above the no ise of the traffic.

5、His actions made him uni versallyrespected.He made her his wife.3. get sb to do使某人干某事e.g: I can't get anyone to do the work properly.get sth done讓別人干某事e.g: I must get my haircut .Can you get the work fini shed in time?4.1 eave sb to do sth 讓某人干某事e.g: We left him to paint the gate.r II leave you

6、to settle all the bus in ess.leave sbdoi ng讓繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)e.g: Don't leave herwait ing outside in the rain.We left him pain ti ng the gate.leave sth don e/adj./prep.phrasee.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered .His illness has left himweak .I was left with a ray of hope.使

7、役性動詞(Causative Verb )1. make /have/ let +sb +do sth.2. get/set/leave + sb to do/do ing sth.不完全及物動詞不完全及物動詞1. 不完全及物動詞是除要有受詞外，還需要受詞補語以補足其意義的及物動詞?！緟⒁娕c格動詞，完全及物動詞】2. 由不完全及物動詞構(gòu)成的句型一般為：主詞+不完全及物動詞 +受詞+受詞補語。His mother n amed him Tommy.他母親叫他湯米。Tommy是受詞補語，若沒有這個字，這句話的意思就不完整，因此named 是不完全及物動詞。不完全不及物動詞其實就是聯(lián)系動詞，雖有意義

8、，但不完全，需要加名詞、形容詞、代名詞等作主詞補語以補足其意義。聯(lián)系動詞按其含義可以分為二類。類型1:表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，如：be（是）,seem（似乎），look（看起來）,appear（似乎）,feel（覺得）,sound（聽起 來）,smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗起 來）,keep（保持）,remain（保持）,stand（站立）, lie（躺）,stay（停留）等。類型2:表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)，如：become（變成）,go（變得）,get（變得）,turn（變成）,grow（變成）,fall（變成某 種狀態(tài)）,come（成為）,run（變成）等。值得注意的是：聯(lián)系動

9、詞沒有被動式。及物動詞和不及物動詞的用法比較1）及物動詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞，叫做及物動詞（transitive verb）。如：I believe that the committee will con sider our suggesti on.我相信委員會將會考慮我們的建議?！?How long can I keep the book ?” Harry as哈里l問：這本書我可以借多久？”Dr. Bethu ne set us a good example.白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。Crude oil contains many useful substances. 原

10、油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2）不及物動詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實義動詞，叫做不及物 動詞（intransitive verb）。如：Birds fly.鳥會飛。It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三；年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會上發(fā)了 言。3）兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞英語里有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。這樣的動詞又有兩種不同的情況：a）兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時，意義不變。試比較：Shall I begin at onee

11、?我可以立刻開始嗎 ？（begin作不及物動詞）She bega n worki ng as a libraria n after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。（began作及物動詞）When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時候離開芝加哥的？（leave作及物動詞）They left last week.他們是上周離開的。（left作不及物動詞）b）兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時，有時意義不盡相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎 ？4

12、）與漢語的比較有時英語動詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語的用法不一樣，請注意下列兩種情況：a）有的動詞在英語里只能用作不及物動詞，而漢語則可用作及物動詞，如arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，1isten聽。英語里這些動詞后面常接介詞。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午至U達(dá)火車站。（at 不能省去）（比較： We reached the railway station at noon.）Everybody liste ned to the lecture with great in terest.每個人都很有興趣地聽講課。（to 不

13、可省去）（比較： We all heard the lecture.）Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個計劃嗎 ？（to不可省去）b）有的動詞在英語里能用作及物動詞，而在漢語里則不能用作及物動 詞，如serve為服務(wù)。Our childre n are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)（一）have使，讓，不用于被動語態(tài).have + 賓語 +do ne（1）叫、讓、請，致使別人做某事，動作的執(zhí)行者不是主語也不是賓語而是別人。（強 調(diào)主觀的意志，即主語的意志致使某事發(fā)生或被做到）

14、 I ' ll have my bike repaired thisafter noon.今天下午我要請人修自行車。 I have my hair cut every mon th.我每個月都理發(fā)。表示主觀意志的have也可以用get代替，例如： Where can I get （have） this printed?我在哪里能（找人）把這份東西打印出來呢？（2）遭遇不幸事件（與主觀意志完全無關(guān)）他的錢包在火車站不幸遭竊。He had his wallet stolen at the station.2. have +賓語+do 讓做某事，動作執(zhí)行者為賓語 He had her go

15、there.他讓她去那兒。.在你們來之前，我 I have my childre n clea n the house before you arrive 讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。這個結(jié)構(gòu)中have有時也可以用get代替，但這時后面的動詞不定式需帶to，例如:I got him to write a letter to my boss.我要他寫一圭寸信給我的雇主。3. have +賓語+adj.（形容詞）/adv.（副詞）/prep.（介詞）促使某一動作發(fā)生，或使役動作產(chǎn)生的變化結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。Please have your money ready.請準(zhǔn)備好錢。4. have +賓語+doi

16、ng讓持續(xù)做某事，或處于某種狀態(tài)。動作執(zhí)行者為句子賓語，但動詞必須為持續(xù)性動詞，后面常接時間段。 He had her sta ndi ng in the rain for two hours.他讓她在雨中站了兩個小時。或表示動作執(zhí)行者打算做的事或預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。 we ll soon have your car going again.很快我們就會讓你的車從新啟動起來的。還可以表示不愿引起某種后果別大聲嚷！你會遭四我不允許你在起居室抽煙。Don't shout ! you'll have the neighbours complaining. 鄰抱怨的。注意：用于否定句時，表示“

17、允許”I won ' t have you smoking in the sitting room.（二）make使 （有輕微強迫之意）1.make +賓語+do 迫使某人做某事,被動語態(tài)為 be made to do The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。 The girl was made to cry by the boy.女孩被男孩惹哭了。（被動）2. make+賓語+adj./adv./prep. 使處于某種狀態(tài)，使變得 His ill ness made him very weak.他的病使他很虛弱。 This bori ng soap op

18、era made me sleepy.這無聊的肥皂劇讓我想睡覺。The story made him feeling sad.這個故事使他很難受。昨天 , 壞天氣是我一天The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday. 都呆在家里。4.make +賓語+done使處于某種狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作的被動性請講大聲一點以便讓別人聽到你。這個重重的包把椅子壓壞了。 Please speak louder to make yourself heard. The heavy bag made the chair broken.我們讓他當(dāng)我們的隊長。 她把日記當(dāng)做

19、她最好的朋友。5. make +賓語+n.使成為 We made him the leader of the team. She made her diary her best friend.（ 三 ）leave 讓，使，帶走 既可用于主動語態(tài)也可用于被動語態(tài)1.leave + 賓語 +to do sth. 讓某人做某事，強調(diào)未來動作 Leave him to do it himself.讓他自個兒去做這件事吧。2.leave + 賓語 +doing 讓某人做某事，或繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)，強調(diào)當(dāng)時正在發(fā)生的動作 What he said left me thinking deeply.他的話使我陷

20、入了沉思。 Don' t leave her waiting outside in the rain.外面下雨，別讓她在外面等了。3eave +賓語+do ne使 處于某種被動狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作的被動性 We can't leave suchan important matter unfinished.我們不能讓這樣一件重要的事半途而廢。4.leave 賓語+adj./adv./prep. 使處于某一特定狀態(tài) Who left the door open ？ 誰讓門開著？ Don't leave the door unlocked.別忘了鎖門。（ 四 ）get 使，讓1. get +賓語+to do讓做某事，強調(diào)未來性動作 He got his brother to help him.他讓他的兄弟幫助他。2. get +賓語+done讓被做，強調(diào)被動性動作 He got the car started.他發(fā)動了小汽車。3. get +賓語+do ing讓做某事，強調(diào)正在進行的動作