2020最新英語(yǔ)初高銜接語(yǔ)法：專(zhuān)題3.11定語(yǔ)從句(講義)

1、3.11 定語(yǔ)從句中考&高考真題中考真題鏈接咼考真題鏈接單項(xiàng)選擇1.20191.2019 全國(guó) I I 改錯(cuò)1.（2018廣西玉林）一Who got the First-everOne after noon where I was in primary school, I wasFriendship Medal（友誼勛章）of China?walk ing by the school playgro und.Its Put ineverybody knows so wel【答案】where-whenin the world.【解析】此句明顯交代事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間背景，讀A. whomB.

2、what C. whichD. whose至吐匕處還是能明顯讀出問(wèn)題，所以where改成【答案】Awhe n?！窘馕觥靠疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：一誰(shuí)曾2.2.（2019全國(guó)II語(yǔ)法填空）Now Irene Astbury獲得了中國(guó)的友誼勛章？一是普京，世界上每個(gè)works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in人都對(duì)他很了解。由于先行詞是人，而且在邏輯Macclesfield,62she opened with her late上要充當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ)，故選husba nd Les.whom?！窘馕觥縲hich:2.（2018廣西柳州）Th

3、is is the most exciting match考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先I have ever watched.行詞為the pet shop,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作A. whoB. whichC. thatope ned詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用which?！敬鸢浮緾3.（2019年天津選擇）【解析】解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。，.Their child is at the stageshe can say句意：這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最興奮的比賽。先行詞in dividual words but not full senten ces.是match，排除A，先行詞是被最高級(jí)修

4、飾的時(shí)A. whyB. where候，關(guān)系代詞必須是that，故選C。C. which D. what3.（2018遼寧遼陽(yáng)）The four toolspeople【答案】Buse for Chinese handwriting are called“Foui【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們的孩子正處Treasures of Study”.于能說(shuō)單個(gè)單詞而不能說(shuō)完整句子的階段。句中A. that B. who C. what D. whom【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：這四種人們用來(lái)寫(xiě)書(shū)法的工具被稱(chēng)為文房四寶”。先行詞The four tools是物，所以此處應(yīng)與物有關(guān)。4.

5、（2018貴州貴陽(yáng)）Amy is a creative lady set up awebsite to sell han dbags made of old jea ns.A. whoB. whichC. where【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：艾米是 一個(gè)很有創(chuàng)意的女孩，她建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站來(lái)買(mǎi)她 用舊的牛仔褲做的手提包。本句中，先行詞lady為人，故定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用who。5. （2018遼寧盤(pán)錦）A true friend is a person_reaches for your hand and touches your heart.A. whomB. whoseC. w

6、hoD. which【答案】C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：一個(gè)真 正的朋友是向你伸手觸動(dòng)心靈的人。分析句子結(jié) 構(gòu)可知，修飾先行詞是人”，且在從句中做主語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)。故選C。6. （2018 ?吉林長(zhǎng)春）Jack likes being with theclassmates_ are outgo ing and kind.A. whereB. whichC. whe nD. who【答案】D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：杰克喜歡和外向she can say in dividual words but not full senten ces是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the stage,

7、關(guān)系詞在 定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where, 故選B。4.（2019江蘇選擇）.We have en tered in to an agedreams have the best chanee of coming true.A. which B. whatC. whe n D. that【答案】C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到 了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。 句中先行詞為an age（一個(gè)時(shí)代），且先行詞在從 句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用when。故選C。5. （江蘇高考）Many young people,most ofwerewelleducated, h

8、eaded for remote regi ons to chasetheir dreams.【答案】whom【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：很多年輕 人前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐他們的夢(mèng)想，他們中的很 多人都受過(guò)良好教育。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處 為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Many youngpeople，作介 詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故要用whom。6（天津高考）We will put off the picnic in the park untilnext week , _ the weather may bebetter.【答案】when【解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)而且善良的同學(xué)在一起。該句的先

9、行詞classmates星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先指人，因此用who作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 故選D。7.（2018內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特）14.Do you like theweekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV?Sure.It s a great TV programpurpose is to bring the habit of readi ng back into thepublic.A.whichB. thatB.whatD. whose【答案】D【解析】考查疋語(yǔ)從句。句意：一你喜歡中央電視臺(tái)的每周談話節(jié)目還是朗讀者嗎？一當(dāng)然喜歡。它是一個(gè)

10、其目的是把閱讀習(xí)慣帶會(huì)給大眾的 偉大的電視節(jié)目。此疋語(yǔ)從句中，whose誰(shuí)的修飾purpose。8.（2018貴州貴陽(yáng)）Amy is a creative ladyset up a website to sell han dbags made of old jea ns. A.whoB. whichC. where【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：艾米是 一個(gè)很有創(chuàng)意的女孩，她建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站來(lái)買(mǎi)她 用舊的牛仔褲做的手提包。本句中，先行詞lady為人，故定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用who。9. （2018遼寧盤(pán)錦）A true friend is a personreaches for you

11、r hand and touches your heart. A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which【答案】C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：一個(gè)真仃詞是next week,疋語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主兵表，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用whe n7. （天津咼考）One day,men tally exhausted ,1 wrotedow n all the reas onsthis problem couldnot be solved.【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我寫(xiě)下這個(gè)問(wèn) 題不能解決的所有原因?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。從句缺 少原因狀語(yǔ)，用why引導(dǎo)。8.（浙江咼考）Sci

12、entists have advaneed manytheories about why human beings cry tears,none ofhas bee n proved.【答案】which【解析】句意：關(guān)于人類(lèi)為什么哭的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚， 科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒(méi)有一個(gè)得到了證 明?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，先行詞是theories,指物，定語(yǔ)從句中用代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。9.（浙江咼考）1 made friends with the natives,andtheir reacti on amazed me.They gave me prese nts oftheir favo

13、rite artworksthey had refused tosell to tourists.【答案】which【解析】句意：我和當(dāng)?shù)厝私慌笥眩鹲ell后缺少賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which。10.（四川咼考）One important biologicalfactorhelps wome n live Ion ger is thediffere nee in horm ones betwee n men and wome n.【答案】that/which【解析】factor后帶有定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞作主正的朋友是向你伸手觸動(dòng)心靈的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，修飾先行詞是 人”，且在從句中做主語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)

14、用who引導(dǎo)。故選C。10.（2018 ?吉林長(zhǎng)春）Jack likes being with theclassmatesare outgo ing and kind.A. whereB. whichC. whe nD. who【答案】D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：杰克喜歡和外向而且善良的冋學(xué)在一起。該句的先行詞classmates指人，因此用who作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選D。11.（2018內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特）14.Do you like the weeklytalk show,The Readers,on CCTV?Sure.It s a great TV programpurpose

15、is to bring the habit of readi ng back into thepublic.C.whichB. thatD.whatD. whose【答案】D【解析】考查疋語(yǔ)從句。句意：一你喜歡中央電視臺(tái)的每周談話節(jié)目還是朗讀者嗎？一當(dāng)然喜歡。它是一個(gè)其目的是把閱讀習(xí)慣帶會(huì)給大眾的 偉大的電視節(jié)目。此疋語(yǔ)從句中，whose誰(shuí)的修飾purpose。語(yǔ)，用that/which。11. （北京咼考）1 live next door to a couplechildre n ofte n make a lot of no ise.【答案】whose【解析】句中指的是那對(duì)夫妻的孩子，用w

16、hose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。12.（北京咼考）So con dors with high levels of leadare sent to Los An geles Zoo,they aretreated with calcium EDTA,a chemical that removeslead from the blood over several days.【答案】where【解析】先行詞為地點(diǎn)，從句用where引導(dǎo)作狀語(yǔ)。13.（全國(guó)）A nurseunderstands thehealing（治愈）value of silenee can use thisun dersta nding t

17、o assist in the care of patie nts fromtheir own and from other cultures.【答案】who【解析】先行詞為人，用who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。14.（全國(guó)）1 had one trip last yearI wascaught by a hurricane in America.【答案】where【解析】此處last year為干擾性內(nèi)容，從句表達(dá) 得是我在路途中被困，故先行詞為trip,用where=in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。中考&高考考點(diǎn)解讀中考央語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)解讀咼考央語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)解讀定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的一個(gè)重

18、定語(yǔ)從句是高考英語(yǔ)每年考查的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。高要項(xiàng)目?？贾饕疾殛P(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系副詞中考央語(yǔ)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的非在關(guān)系代詞方面?？疾槌Ｒ?guī)用法。不限制性定語(yǔ)從句以及介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定會(huì)考查特例。語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞主要集中在which/that/whom近幾年咼考熱衷于考查關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的疋Whose很少考。語(yǔ)從句，并且有時(shí)先行詞不是表示具體的地點(diǎn)， 而是模糊化的情況、處境、場(chǎng)合，如case、condition、situation、position、point、stage等。比 女口：We have reached a poi

19、nt where a change is needed.（我們到了需要改變的地步了。） 咼考通常只考查where和when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 選擇關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作何 成分，如果定語(yǔ)從句主干成分完整，不缺少主語(yǔ) 和賓語(yǔ)，則先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù) 先行詞是地點(diǎn)還是時(shí)間來(lái)選擇where或when。在由as、which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as和which可代替整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分內(nèi)容，as意為 正如. ，就像.，據(jù). ,which意為這，這一點(diǎn)”?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理定語(yǔ)從句基本概念定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)句子跟在一名詞或代詞（先行詞）后進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。通俗來(lái)講，從句在

20、整個(gè)句子中做定語(yǔ)，這個(gè)從句就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞定語(yǔ)從句在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。 引導(dǎo)詞定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom, whose, that, which，as等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who.whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)，why原因狀語(yǔ)）。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作的句子成分：限定性

21、定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)人Who/thatWhom/that（可省略）whose物Which/thatWhich/that（可省略）whose人/物thatthatwhose非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)人whowhomWhose/of whom物whichwhichWhose/of which定語(yǔ)從句總體邏輯圖ih定語(yǔ)從旬f辿蘭卵r；足:.wtTO.Jl t空丄匕J,氣理第frJrll i| f.ija ZL1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，

22、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2）whose可指人或物，修飾名詞或代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)?！皐hose名詞可改為“the名詞+ofwhich/whom或 “of which/whom the+名詞”They

23、rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n dow n.那人的車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is gree n.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny ,are prizes for us.桌子上的這些書(shū)是給我們的獎(jiǎng)品，它們的封面很亮。His prese nee meant that I had an un expected teach ing assista nt in cl

24、ass whose activity would in fect（感染）other stude nts.他在場(chǎng)意味著在課堂上我有一位意想不到的助教，他的活動(dòng)將感染其他學(xué)生。The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large ismy uncle那個(gè)窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。The package （which/that） you are carrying is

25、 about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）2.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替 使用。why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，可用for which來(lái)替代。why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句。There are occasi ons whe n （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beiji ng is the place w

26、here （in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。The house where/in which he lives is near the river.他住的房子在河邊。3.限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1） 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思 往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之 間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。This is the house which we bought last mon th.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。 （限制性）The house, which we boug

27、ht last mon th, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮， 是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）2） 當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或有物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理？史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garde n.我去年買(mǎi)的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。This no vel, which I have read three times,

28、 is very touch ing.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng) 單數(shù)。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water cha nges to vapor, which is called evaporati on.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。5.介詞+關(guān)系詞（1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略；

29、that前不能有介詞；關(guān)系副詞when,where，why的含義相當(dāng)于 介詞+which”吉構(gòu)，因此，常?？梢院徒樵~|+which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。Do you remember the day whe n (on which) you joined our club?還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？6.關(guān)系代詞that的用法不用that的情況：引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。The tree, that is four hun dred years old, is

30、very famous here.(錯(cuò))介詞后不能用thatoWe depe nd on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depe nd on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況：在不定代詞，如anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that, 不用which。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題

31、。先行詞有the only,the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。例如：He is the only person that atte nded the meet in g.他是唯一參加這個(gè)會(huì)議的人。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)，只用that。例如：This is the most excit ing film I have ever see n.這是我看過(guò)的最令人興奮的電影。先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered.他們談?wù)撝麄冇浀玫娜撕褪隆?.當(dāng)先行詞為way,意為方法、方式”且在定

32、語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用關(guān)系代詞which或that;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用in which或that或不填任何關(guān)系詞。The way(that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(做狀語(yǔ))The way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(做賓語(yǔ))咼考考點(diǎn)敲黑板考點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)1:引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞前常有as,the same,so,such修飾,且在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí) 關(guān)系代詞要用as。

33、It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.（as作work out的賓語(yǔ)）這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難以至于我們班里沒(méi)有人能解出來(lái)。注意：so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.（work out已經(jīng)有賓語(yǔ),that只起連 接作用）考點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)2:高考對(duì)where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，先行詞由 明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為模糊的地點(diǎn)”或者說(shuō)抽象

34、的地點(diǎn)”。這些 名詞有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。I realized that I had created a life where I was not a central figure!我意識(shí)到我創(chuàng)造了一種生活，在其中我并非主角。Tell me the reas on why/for which you came late.告訴我你來(lái)晚了的原因?？键c(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)3:判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要用關(guān)系代詞而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。Is th

35、is the reas on why （for which） he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。ni n ever forget the days whe n I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain

36、 village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will n ever forget the days whe n I spe nt in the coun tryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.(對(duì))ni n ever forget the days (which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主

37、、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能判斷出正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。This is the museum_the exhibiti on was held.主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用關(guān)系副詞where，又可用介詞in + which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)四：as和which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1)當(dāng)先行詞前面有so + adj. + a / such + adj. , the same等詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as,而不用which。如：She is so nice a girl as we all like.她是個(gè)我們大家都喜歡的如此好的女孩。It is such an in

38、teresti ng book as we all want to read.它是本我們大家都想讀的有趣的書(shū)。上面兩句中的as就不能用which替換。(2) as在從句中常作賓語(yǔ)；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為系動(dòng)詞，即：系表結(jié)構(gòu)或被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：As you expected, he turned up on time.正如你所愿，他按時(shí)到了。As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty.正如上面所說(shuō)，他征服了困難。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中或句尾。而which弓I導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后。As ev

39、ery one knows ,Ch ina is a beautiful country with a long history .每個(gè)人都知道，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .地球，我們都知道，圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Tom works hard and is willi ng to help others, as we all know.湯母工作努力，并且樂(lè)于助人，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道。如：As is planned, we got there before eight.正如計(jì)劃，我們?cè)侔训昵暗竭_(dá)了那兒。As引導(dǎo)

40、的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指表示積極的意義，與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系，絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表示一種消極的意義，則只用which。如：He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope.他在事業(yè)中成功了，這正是我們大家所希望的。Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad.她的奶奶逝世了，這使得她很悲傷。習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。(5)當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which,而不可用as。

41、如：He has a new computer, for which he paid n early ten thousa nd yua n.他有一臺(tái)新電腦，這臺(tái)電腦花了他將近一萬(wàn)元。（6）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語(yǔ)從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（如：賓+補(bǔ)；不定式短語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)等）時(shí)，一般只能用which,而不用as。如：She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。她告訴我們說(shuō)她的單車(chē)出了毛 病，這話是真的。He asked her to help him with his En glish,

42、which she did.他請(qǐng)她教他學(xué)英語(yǔ)，她的確幫了。as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：as is well known / as we all know眾所周知；as is said above正如上面所說(shuō)；as might be imagined正像所想象的那樣；as is reported女口報(bào)道所說(shuō)；as has bee n poi nted如所指出的那樣；as is expected正如所料。as I explained on the phone正如我在電話里所解釋的那樣As I expla ined on the phone, your problem would be discu

43、ssed at the next meeti ng.考點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)5:定語(yǔ)從句與其他語(yǔ)法易混淆的地方1. what/whatever; who/whoever; that/what（1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。What you want has bee n sent here.你要的東西都送到這里來(lái)了。Whatever you want makes no differenee to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。（2）who = the person that；whoever = anyone who。（錯(cuò)）Who breaks

44、the law will be puni shed.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。（2） that和what當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中的that?？墒÷?；what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。I thi nk（that） you will like the stamps.我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句當(dāng)it is/was后出現(xiàn)表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，其后所接的從句是定語(yǔ)從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句要看將it is/was和that（可以先假設(shè)）去掉之后句式是否完整（不缺少成分）,若句式完整則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。It was S