主語從句詳解

1、主語從句詳解一、概述在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句. 根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用,這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句.二、主語從句主要有四類（1） 由連詞 that引導(dǎo)的主語從句: 引導(dǎo)詞 that例如： That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.無含義/ 在句中不做成分/ 不可以省.（2） 用連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句: whether有含義 (

2、 是否 )/ 在句中不做成分/ 不可以省.注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句,不能用 if,只能用 whether.例如： Whether we willholda partyinthe open airWhether she is ing or not doesnt matter too much.tomorrow depends on the weather.（3） 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which,what, whoever,whomever, whichever,whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中,其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用,擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分 .例如：

3、What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注： whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義. 它引導(dǎo)主語從句,并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等 .whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.要注意和（主語從句）whatever, who

4、ever引導(dǎo)的（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（讓步狀語從句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）（ 4）用連接副詞 when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 ( 其連接副詞有含義 , 在句中作狀語 .)例如 :Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will e hasn t been made

5、 pubic.三、注意點(diǎn) : it構(gòu)成的主語從句（ 1）由連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句 , 在多數(shù)情況下放到句子的后面 , 而用代詞 it 作形式主語 .例如： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced .= It has not been announced when the plane is to take

6、off.( 但當(dāng) what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“ 的東西”時(shí),一般不用錯:It is a book what he wants.對:What he wants is a book.it作形式主語.)另外 ,需要注意的是, it作形式主語代替主語從句時(shí),要注意和as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別.試比較：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)A. It is +名詞 +從句It

7、is a fact that事實(shí)是 It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that 是個(gè)問題It is mon knowledge that 是常識類似的名詞還有：a pity； a wonder ； a good thing；no wonder；surprise等 .例如： It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is mon knowledge that the whale is not a fish.B. It is +形容詞 +從句It is necessary that有必要 It is

8、clear that很清楚 It is likely that很可能 It is important that重要的是 類似的形容詞還有：Strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible;unlikely; quite;unusual;certain;evident; worth-while; surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如： It is doubtful whether she will be able to e.It was really astonishing tha

9、t he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.It is necessary that you（ should ） master the puter.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是,這類主語從句中,謂語動詞很多

10、為“ （should ）動詞原形”,即要用虛擬語氣 .C. It is +過去分詞 +從句It is said that據(jù)說 It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that已證明 It must be proved that必須指出 類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted;discussed; required;decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如： It is thou

11、ght that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.Itis used to be thoughtthata new starmust be due to a collisionbetween two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.D. Itseems（ happened

12、 / appears / doesn t matter / makes no difference / occurred ） thatIt seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)1. _asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused

13、.A.TheestimateB.TheestimatedC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat2._some mammals cametoliveintheseaisnotknown.A.WhichB.SinceC.AlthoughD.How3._wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That4._wealthydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatamanisgreedy.A.ForthereasonthatheisB

14、.Just becauseheisC.ThereasonofbeingD.Thatheis5.Although_happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccur elsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD. it6._shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.ThatoccurredtoherB.SheoccurredthatC.ToherthatoccurredD.Itoccurredtoherthat7.IamsurethatA.which_

15、shesaidiswrong.B.allC.thisD. what8.WelostourwaythatitwasgettingA.thatintheforest,and_dark.B.whichmademattersC.itworsewasD. What9._ornotisstilluncertain.A. HesingC.ThatingB.IfheisingD.Whetherhe sing10.It s_he llA.doubtwhetherD.doubtfulwhetherbeB.abledoubtfultoe.C.doubtit11._heisatworkintheheartoftheb

16、igcityorat homeinthequietsuburb,Dick slifeistiedtomachines.A.WhetherB.TillC.IfD.Unless12._hesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which13._iswarmsunshine.A.Whatdoweallneed.B.WhatallweneedC.WhatweneedD.Whatweallneed14._isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.It15._aspoonfulofs

17、oilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.A.RemarkableB.QuiteremarkablyC.act16.Itisremarkablethat_younominateA.WhothatwillB.beelected.WhomD.ItisremarkableC.WhomeverfD. That s17._ A.book Whatyouborrow B.must Whichbereturnedwithinaweek.C.WhicheverD.That s18._ A.ofusgetsWhohomeB.first

18、Whichstartscooking.C.WhicheverD. Anyone1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4. _

19、 is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. That that you had expected B. What that you had expected C. That what you had expe

20、cted D. What what you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.It's uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D.

21、how9._ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we can't get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12._ we'll go

22、camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party mittee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14._we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15._he won't go there is clear to all of

23、 us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17._you e or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19._team will win the match i

24、s a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this factoryyou visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one22._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A

25、. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句,它位于主句中的連系動詞之后. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞 that 、 whether 、as though(if) ；關(guān)系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever,wherever 等 . 可以接表語從句的連系動詞由be, look,remain,seem等 .That引導(dǎo)表

26、語從句時(shí), 在口語中 , 間或可以省略 .The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺 .That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí), 我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?2、由從屬連詞 that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語從

27、句 .that 在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無詞義, 而 whether 有詞義 , 意為、“是否” . 這時(shí)主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞 , 如 question(問題 ), trouble(麻煩 ), problem(問題 ), result(結(jié)果 ),chance( 可能性 ), suggestion(建議 ), idea( 想法 ), reason( 理由 ) 等 . 表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋 , 使主語的內(nèi)容具體化 .The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢 .The question is whether we need

28、 more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.貴重了 .What she couldn t understandwas thatfewerand fewer問題是它作為日常之用太studentsshowed interestinher lessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣.3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whiche

29、ver等引導(dǎo)表語從句 , 在句中作主語、賓語、表語 ,關(guān)系代詞不能省略 .The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去 .The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作 .That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事 .That's what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的 .4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句 .Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿來 . 就

30、在你原來放的地方 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That s why I got wet through.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣 , 這是我們淋濕的原因 .That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的 .That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的 .5、由連詞 because, as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句 .It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來

31、好像要下雪了 .That's because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事 .It seems as if he didn t know the answer.好像他不知道答案 .可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1： be（ being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: bee ,get , grow , turn ,go ,e, run, fall5: pro

32、ve, turn out系動詞的固定搭配:e true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, e right, run wild連接詞： that / whether /as if /asthough (if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞： who / whom / whose / which/ what連接副詞： when / where / why / how /because注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略.The truth is（ that ） I didn't go there.事實(shí)是我沒去那兒.考題1 The traditional view

33、 is _ we sleep because our brain is“ programmed ” to make us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案D解析下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語從句的表語從句,如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思.因此,應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that.考題2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案B解析下劃

34、線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語( “ disagree下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞”屬于不及物動詞where,表語從句“,“ I disagreewhere I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”的意思是“我不同意),之處、我不同意的地方”.考題3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?答案A解析下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語,下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此 ”( 指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果) 的引導(dǎo)詞why.

35、考題4 _she couldn t understandwas _ fewerand fewerstudentsshowed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案A解析第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,特指她所不理解的事情,應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what ；第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此 ” “為什么 ”( 指因某種原因所造成的后果,( 指原因、理由 ,由 because由 why 引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句),) 而不是應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)

36、詞why.考題 5 _ made the school had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; becauseproudwas _ more than90% of thestudents答案B解析第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語,特指令校方驕傲的事情,應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what ；第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因、理由 ,應(yīng)由 that引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句考題6 Are you still thinking abou

37、t yesterday Oh, that s _. s game?A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案A解析A 選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”；B 選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”；C 選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”；D 選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動的時(shí)間”. 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A 最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應(yīng) ,充當(dāng)表語從句.表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系不屬于的賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句. 其作

38、用跟名詞在句中的作用相同. 故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句,充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句.賓語從句(1) 對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)語序 :從句的語序必須是陳述句語序,即“主語+謂語”這種形式.時(shí)態(tài) :當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài),而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句 ,從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài),即 ( 一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí)).連接詞:當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思肯定時(shí),連接詞用that,且可以省去,當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí),常用if或whether(是否),當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí),連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞.表語從句在句子

39、中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句,位于主句系動詞的后面. 表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同. 也是名詞性從句的一種.如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間.The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金.警察This This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的.That ” s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因.His His first

40、 question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有.注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序,即陳述語序.as as if, as though, becau也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句.She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事It It is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?表從練習(xí)一1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB.

41、ifC. whenD. whether2 The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. becauseB. thatC. forD. because of3.Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. whereB. thereC. there whereD. where there4 The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can

42、get5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD.不填6.The reason is_I missed the bus.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what7.That is _ _ we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8.She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. thatB. likeC. asD. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasn t e is _.A. because his mother is illB. because of his motherC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the pl