《英語語音章》ppt課件

1、Objectives of the Course This course is intended to help the students to improve their English pronunciation, including such elements as 1) the correct pronunciation of individual phonemes and words in English 2) the rhythmic patterns of the English language 3) patterns and functions of English into

2、nation, To communicate more effectively with English pronunciation & intonation1Why English Pronunciation?nThere is a need - To improve intelligibility - To enhance listening comprehension nThere is a dream -To speak like a native speakernThere is a must -To become more effective in oral communi

3、cation2Listening:Learning English pronunciation Learning a new way of listening and speaking When we learn to speak English, we are learning a new way of listening and speaking. The purpose of this textbook is to try to make your ears sharper for the sounds of English and the way the sounds are orga

4、nized; to help you get familiar with pitch movements of English utterances and the message it conveys; and to help you improve your English pronunciation and intonation. When you can hear English properly you will be able to improve your spoken English. 3Reading Aloudn“2005中國無錫世界城市服務(wù)業(yè)大會”開幕式n.專業(yè)口譯04-

5、06Week1傾聽世界的聲音謀劃無錫新發(fā)展.rmn正是在這樣的背景下，由中國市長協(xié)會、中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會、無錫市人民政府以及美國服務(wù)業(yè)聯(lián)盟聯(lián)合主辦的2005世界城市服務(wù)業(yè)大會，今年十一月在太湖之濱的無錫市舉行。 n來自聯(lián)合國、亞太經(jīng)合組織、歐洲服務(wù)業(yè)論壇等國際機(jī)構(gòu)的高級官員，中國國家有關(guān)部委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、國內(nèi)外城市近百位市長，以及國際著名服務(wù)業(yè)企業(yè)代表近500人出席了會議。4聲調(diào)聲調(diào)漢語的靈魂漢語的靈魂漢語區(qū)別于其他許多語言：漢語是公認(rèn)的聲調(diào)語言同音詞現(xiàn)象音節(jié)相同的詞占漢語詞匯的21%左右區(qū)分同音詞的方式主要靠聲調(diào)，可區(qū)分的同音詞占漢語詞匯總數(shù)的18%n靜態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)n1聲約占 20%n2聲約占 23%

6、n3聲約占 20%n4聲約占 35%n輕聲約占 5%n現(xiàn)實(shí)動態(tài)語流統(tǒng)計(jì)n1聲約占 20%n2聲約占 23%n3聲約占 5%n4聲約占 35%n輕聲約占 20%5變讀輕聲后詞義發(fā)生變化孫子snz（名詞）孫子在當(dāng)時(shí)很有名氣。（指戰(zhàn)國時(shí)一軍事家)孫子snzi（名詞）他的孫子都有好幾個(gè)了。（指兒子的兒子。）兄弟xingd（名詞）他們兄弟倆可好多了。(指哥哥和弟弟。）兄弟xingdi（名詞）他有兩個(gè)兄弟。（指有兩個(gè)弟弟。）報(bào)仇bochu（動詞）他發(fā)誓要報(bào)仇雪恨。報(bào)酬bochou（名詞）他們主動上街為民服務(wù)，不求報(bào)酬。文字wnz（名詞）：他是搞文字工作的。蚊子wnzi（名詞）：夏天蚊子可多了。 6A Sy

7、llableba NAAAA na (short) (long) (short)7Stressed syllables: are long have a pitch change have full vowel sounds.Unstressed syllables: are short often have a reduced vowel sound.8FarFartherPhonePhoto9Listening:Correct stress is important. In words with two or more syllables in English, one of the sy

8、llables will receive more stress than the others. Look up these words in the dictionary and you will see a mark indicating stress in front of this syllable. People often have difficulty understanding these words if the stress is wrong because a word is considered mispronounced if the wrong syllable

9、stress is used. Correct stress is, therefore, as important as correct sounds.10Words Number of syllables1. receive( )2. dictionary( )3.understanding( )4.because( )5.considered( )6.mispronounced( )7.correct( )8.important( )11 Underline the primary stress of each word. 1. blueprint2. driveway3. motorb

10、oat4. textbook5. beefsteak6. notebook7. greenhouse8. forestfire9. Football10.paperback 121. receive()2.dictionary()3.understand()4. because()5. considered()6. mispronounced()7. correct()8.important()9.timetable()10.textbook() 13 Decide how many syllables there are in each sentence. Example: They wor

11、ked all night ( 4 )1. They were in the living room.()2. Did you need a map?()3. The librarys open from Monday to Friday.()4. They walked very fast.()5. All the students worked hard.()6. Hes going to start a new business.()7. Gorge came first in the competition.()8. Did you see our watches?()9. Dont

12、tell me that hes asleep.()10.Theyd rented it before we got there.() 14Listen and repeat1. HOSpital2. HANdicap3. iMAgine4. CHAllenge5. exHAUSted6. comMITment7. MAnager8. eMOtional9. NEWSpaper10. COMpanies15Listen for the stress pattern1 potatoes_2 bananas_3 computer _4 oranges_5 monitor_6 customer _7

13、 understand_8 remember _9 another_10 devotion_16If vowel durations highly variable: language sounds stress-timed: Languages with vowel reduction: English, Dutch, GermanIf vowel durations similar: language sounds syllable-timed: Languages such as French and Spanish which do not have vowel reduction17

14、Pronunciation is important. 發(fā)發(fā) 音音 很很 重重 要要18The rhythm of a language is characterized by the timing pattern of successive syllables. In some languages, every syllable is given about the same length, while in others, syllables vary in length. 19Listen to the dialogue:D:Hello.L:Hello.D:My names David.

15、 David White.L:My names Li Ping.D:Are you a student of this university?L:No, Im a teacher.D:Oh, I see. Shall I call you Miss Ping?L:Actually, the family names Li, not Ping.D:Oh yes, they told me that. I just forgot. Miss Li then.20 Listen to the dialogue:G:Hi, Li Ping.L: Hi, Gloria. Welcome back to

16、Guangzhou. How was everything back home?G:Just fine. My parents are fine and my sister had her wedding last week.L: Oh, how nice. Are your parents coming to see you again soon?G:Well, they dont have any plan yet, but I do hope theyll be able to come.L: Good. Well, Im afraid class will begin soon. Il

17、l have to go now.G:Mm, Im in a hurry too.L: Good to see you. Bye.G:Bye. See you later.21Unit 2English Consonants: Stops /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/22 Place of articulationManner of articulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotal Plosive (清清) (濁濁)pbtdk Fricative (清清) (濁濁)f

18、v sz hAffricate (清清) (濁濁) Nasal mnLaterallApproximantwrjEnglish ConsonantsPronunciation Power demo23Listening Exercise Sound discrimination n1.patbatn2.pondbondn3.piebuyn4.laplabn5.roperoben6.rapidrabidn7.napped nabbedn8.staplestablen9.tendenn10.tuckduckn11.kittykiddyn12.writing ridingn13.matter mad

19、dern14.feetfeedn15.rightriden16.shootshooedn17.camegamen18.cashgashn19.coastghostn20.lacking laggingn21.pickpign22.duckdugn23.locklogn24.sacking sagging 24 Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1. The speaker wants to have a look at the _. A. cartB. card2. What was the girl doing?A. Sopping.B. S

20、obbing.3. They were talking about _ them.A. stablingB. stapling4. The man must be fond of _.A. writingB. riding5. The speaker was looking for the _.A. billsB. pills6. What did the man do?A. He hit the dog.B. He hid the dog.7. The boys were _.A. prayingB. playing8. The new teacher likes his new _.A.

21、classB. glass9. The girls are going to _.A. do cleaningB. collect things10. What are they going to do?A. Try it.B. Dry it.25Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1.Can we have a look at your cart, please?2.It was raining so hard that the girl started sopping.3.They were talking about stabling th

22、em.4.He spends hours riding every day.5.Where are the bills? I remember putting them on the desk.6.Did you say the man hid the dog?7.Did the boys enjoy praying?8.I can see the new teacher likes his new glass.9.How will the girls clean them?10.They have to try it.26Speaking Exercise - sounds for info

23、rmation n1.We can see a lot of peas in the garden.n We can see a lot of bees in the garden.n2.We were not able to get there because of the pricks.n We were not able to get there because of the bricks.n3.Didnt you see the tense crowd in front of the building?n Didnt you see the dense crowd in front o

24、f the building?n4.All the rivers bent to the east.n All the rivers bend to the east.n5.Can you tell if it is a good lock?n Can you tell if it is a good log?n6.What are you going to do with your coat?n What are you going to do with your goat?n7.How are we going to praise it?n How are we going to brai

25、se it?n8.Dont talk about the creed.n Dont talk about the greed.n9.Are we going to try it?n Are we going to dry it?n10.Who is going to clean all this?n Who is going to glean all this?27nSpeaking Exercise sounds in perception and productionn1. a. How do you spell toe?TOE.n b. How do you spell dough?DO

26、UGH.n2. a. Wheres the cart?On the road.n b. Wheres the card?On the table.n3. a. Did you say They bought the floor?Yes. They bought it yesterday.n b. Did you say They board the floor?Yes. They did it themselves.n4. a. What does fate mean?A power controlling ones life.n b. What does fade mean?To disap

27、pear gradually.n5. a. What do you think of the new card?Its beautiful.n b. What do you think of the new guard?Hes smart.n6. a. How are you going to clean them?Well wash them.n b. How are you going to glean them?Its difficult to get the details.n7. a. Look at those clamorous girls!They are excited ab

28、out the game.n b. Look at those glamorous girls!They are beautiful, arent they?n8. a. Who is going to train them?To train the players?n b. Who is going to drain them?The water flows away by itself.n9. a. People were complaining about the crime.Because we need a safer city.n b. People were complainin

29、g about the grime.Because we need a cleaner city. 10. a. Do you know how to staple them?You need a stapler.n b. Do you know how to stable them?You put them in the stable.28Reading aloud Fast foodnFast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many

30、 people, this is more important than the quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a companys restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same. If they eat in New York or London, it will still b

31、e the same.nFast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. 29Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first.Pay special atten

32、tion to the pronunciation of stops.1.Fast-food restaurants are very popular.2.The service is fast.3.The food is inexpensive. 4.This is more important than the quality of the food.5.These restaurants are also popular. 6.The food is always the same. 7.They eat at a companys restaurant.8.The restaurant

33、s are in the north or south of the city.9.The food will be the same. 10.If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same.11.Fast service is important in the United States. 12.Low cost is also important in the United States.13.About 50 percent of married women work outside the home.14.Man

34、y married women with children are working outside the home.15.They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night.30Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first.Pay special attention to the pronunciation of stops.1.Fast-food restaurants are very popular.2.The service is fast.3.The foo

35、d is inexpensive. 4.This is more important than the quality of the food.5.These restaurants are also popular.6.The food is always the same. 7.They eat at a companys restaurant.8.The restaurant are in the north or south of the city.9.The food will be the same. 10.If they eat in New York or London, it

36、 will still be the same.11.Fast service is important in the United States. 12.Low cost is also important in the United States.13.About 50 percent of married women work outside the home.14.Many married women with children are working outside the home.15.They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner

37、every night.31 Listen & Imitate32 Listen & ImitatenD: Hi, Gloria. How is it going?nG: OK, I guess.nD: Gloria, this is a friend of mine, John.nG: Hi, John.nJ: Hi, Gloria. Glad to meet you.33Listen & Imitate34Listen & ImitatenD:Excuse me, I dont think weve met before. My name is n Ding

38、 Guowen.nG:How do you do, Prof. Ding. My name is George White.nD:Nice to meet you, Mr. White. Welcome to the English n Department.nG:Please call me George. Ive come to see David, my n brother, who is teaching in your department. My mother n is here too. May I present my mother, Mrs. White.nD:Oh, how

39、 do you do, Mrs. White. Its a pleasure to meet n you. You have two fine young sons there.nW: Thank you, Prof. Ding. Were very proud of them.35Task 1: Making a proper introduction to yourself. nStudent A = a Chinese student; nStudent B = an international student studying in ChinanTake turns to be A a

40、nd BPossible stepsnSay hello to start a conversation.nTell him/her your name.nTell him/her who you are.nAsk anything appropriate about him/her. nEnd your conversation in an appropriate manner.36Task 2: Introducing people in an appropriate manner. Group Work Groups of three: Take turns to be A, B and

41、 CStudent A = a Chinese student Student B = a Chinese (a friend, teacher ) Student C = a foreigner (a friend, teacher ) Possible stepsnA says hello to start a conversation.nA introduces B and C.nB and C say hello to each other.nAnything appropriate nEnd the conversation in an appropriate manner.37Al

42、lophonic variations of /p/AllophoneOccurrence Exampleph Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionspokep- Unreleased in word final position top tenp Unaspirated release in clusters, esp. after /s/ spotp: Lengthening, when arresting /p/ is followed by a releasing /p/ Stop Pete.p Nasal re

43、lease, before a syllabic nasalStop him.38Allophonic variations of /b/AllophoneOccurrence Exampleb- Unreleased in word final position robb: lengthened when arresting /b/ is followed by a releasing /b/ Rob Bobb Nasal resonance, before a syllabic nasal Rob him.39Allophonic variations of /t/AllophoneOcc

44、urrence Exampleth Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionstapet- Unreleased in word final position coat hangert Unaspirated release in clusters, esp. after /s/ stopt: Lengthening, when arresting /t/ is followed by a releasing /t/Get ten.t Nasal release, before a syllabic nasalbutton

45、t Dentalized before /eighth Flapped, intervocalicallyletter Glottal stop, before syllabic n or lbutton, battle40Allophonic variations of /d/AllophoneOccurrence Example d Dentalized before an interdental widthd- Unreleased in word final position lead glass dl Bilateral release with /l/ middled: Lengt

46、hened when arresting /d/ is followed by a releasing /d/ sad Daved Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal bread and butter41Allophonic variations of /k/AllophoneOccurrence Examplekh Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionskeepk- Unreleased in word final position take minek Unaspirated

47、 release in clusters, esp. after /s/ skyk: Lengthening, when arresting /k/ is followed by releasing /k/Take Kim.k Nasal release, before a syllabic nasalbeaconklBilateral release with /l/clockc or kAssimilated to a front vowelkeen Glottal stop, before syllabic n baconkw Rounded, before a rounded soun

48、dquarter42 /k, g/ + /i:/ /k, g/ + /i:/ /k, g/ + /:/43Allophonic variations of /g/AllophoneOccurrence Exampleg- Unreleased in word final position and some clusters flag g: Lengthened when arresting /g/ is followed by a releasing /g/ big grapesgl Bilateral release with /l/ gladg Nasal release, before

49、a syllabic nasal pig and goatg Assimilated to a front vowel geesegw Rounded, before a rounded sound goose44Revision: a stressed syllableba NAAAA na (short) (long) (short) / / / :/ / / Reduced vowel Full vowel Reduced vowel ba nana45Reading aloud:The stress pattern of a word1 potatoes_2 bananas_3 com

50、puter _4 oranges_5 monitor_6 customer _7 understand_8 remember _9 another_10 devotion_46Reading aloud:The primary stress in a word. 1. blueprint_2. driveway_3. motorboat _4. textbook _5. beefsteak _6. notebook _7. greenhouse _8. forestfire _9. Football _10.paperback _47 Pronunciation is important. 發(fā)

51、發(fā) 音音 很很 重重 要要r r r R r r r R rR R R R R48Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first.Pay special attention to the pronunciation of stops.1.Fast-food restaurants are very popular.2.The service is fast.3.The food is inexpensive. 4.This is more important than the quality of the food.5.These re

52、staurants are also popular.6.The food is always the same. 7.They eat at a companys restaurant.8.The restaurant are in the north or south of the city.9.The food will be the same. 10.If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same.11.Fast service is important in the United States. 12.Low

53、cost is also important in the United States.13.About 50 percent of married women work outside the home.14.Many married women with children are working outside the home.15.They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night.49Reading aloud Fast foodnFast-food restaurants are very popular becau

54、se the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than the quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a companys restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be

55、the same. If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same.nFast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. 50Unit 3Engl

56、ish Consonants: Fricatives & Affricates /f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ / 51 Place of articulationManner of articulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotal Plosive (清清) (濁濁)pbtdk Fricative (清清) (濁濁)fv sz hAffricate (清清) (濁濁) Nasal mnLaterallApproximantwrjEnglish Conso

57、nantsPronunciation Power demo52What are fricatives? Fricatives are made by partially blocking the airflow, thus causing the friction-like noise characteristic of these sounds. /f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/53What are affricates? Affricates are sounds produced by blocking off the breadth-stream between

58、the tongue and gum ridge, for a stop and a fricative. The term means a “blend”: consisting of a stop and a fricative. /t/ /d/54On-line ExercisesWhat did you hearSame or different?Listen & chooseListen & respond Listen for stress55Read the following sentences.Did they watch the film on televi

59、sion or on video?The accident happened in January, in the afternoon.56Listening Exercise Sound discrimination1. fine vinen2. fast vastn3. leaf leaven4. rifle rivaln5. first thirstn6. free threen7. seem themen8. mouse mouthn9. day theyn10. word worthy 11. looselose12. lacerlaser13. glacierglazier14.

60、assureazure15. shoechew16. cashcatch17. chokejoke18. batchesbadges19. washedwatched20. sharechair57 Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1.A. Yes, did you win it?B. Yes, its really cheap.2.A. Call a doctor!B. Call a waiter.3.A. No, he isnt.B. No, she isnt.4.A. A movie.B. My car.5.A. No, not a lot.B. Its his favourite cerea