譯林版9年級(jí)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit2greatpeopleGrammar

1、9B Unit 2 Great peopleGrammarPart A on P26 對(duì)比：對(duì)比：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Simple present現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Present continuous一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示主語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性和和習(xí)慣性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)的動(dòng) 作或作或目前存在的狀態(tài)目前存在的狀態(tài)，也表示，也表示 客觀的客觀的自然現(xiàn)象自然現(xiàn)象?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，的動(dòng)作， 也表示也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行目前或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。eg: She often does her homework in the even

2、ing.她她經(jīng)常經(jīng)常在晚上做作業(yè)。在晚上做作業(yè)。She is doing her homework now. 現(xiàn)在她現(xiàn)在她正在正在做作業(yè)。做作業(yè)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1) be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：is, am, are (2) 其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式： 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形或或 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(am /is /are+ 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則如下如下: 一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加一

3、般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s,如如: helps, makes, gets, swims, knows, plays等等. 以以s, x, ch, sh, 或或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-es,如如dresses, washes, catches, does等等.1.以輔音字母以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 先變先變y為為i,再加再加-es, 如如fly-flies, study- studies等等.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ing的變化規(guī)則如下的變化規(guī)則如下: 一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-ing,如如: helping, playing等等. 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞-e

4、+ing,如如drivedriving, make-making等等. 以重讀閉音節(jié)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 雙寫(xiě)尾字母雙寫(xiě)尾字母再加再加ing, 如如getgetting; stop-stopping等等.1.以以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉ie+ying. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有： always, usually, sometimes, never, every day, on Sundays, in the morning/afternoon/evening等等2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有： now, ri

5、ght now, at present, at the moment 有時(shí)句首有有時(shí)句首有Look! Listen! 或或 Its +時(shí)時(shí) 刻刻; Where is sb?Exercise1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room.

6、 A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. wo

7、rks/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. g

8、ets C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ haveI (1) _ (have) a day out with my classma

9、tes this Saturday, so I (2) _ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _ (shop) online. Dad (5) _ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) _ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) _ (watch) TV. I (9) _ (want) to write a

10、n email to Wendy before I (10) _ (go) to bed.will haveneedis shoppingshopsis searchingwill visitis readingis watchingwantgoFinish exercises on P26. 區(qū)別區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念概念形式結(jié)構(gòu)形式結(jié)構(gòu)否定句、疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)否定句、疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)用法用法Part B: Discussion:一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) VS 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念上的區(qū)別概念上的區(qū)別 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念為：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念為： 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過(guò)

11、去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)； 如：如：Two months ago, I flew to London with my friend. 兩個(gè)月前，我和我的朋友一起坐飛機(jī)去了倫敦。兩個(gè)月前，我和我的朋友一起坐飛機(jī)去了倫敦。 I went home by bus yesterday. 昨天我是坐公交車(chē)回家的。昨天我是坐公交車(chē)回家的。2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念為：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念為： 表示表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去同一時(shí)間里同時(shí)發(fā)生的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去同一時(shí)間里同時(shí)發(fā)生的的動(dòng)作或在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的動(dòng)作或在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 如：如

12、： I was watching TV from 7p.m to 8p.m. last night. 昨晚七點(diǎn)到八點(diǎn)我在看電視。昨晚七點(diǎn)到八點(diǎn)我在看電視。 She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone. 當(dāng)她媽媽在打電話的時(shí)候，她在看書(shū)。當(dāng)她媽媽在打電話的時(shí)候，她在看書(shū)。 形式結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的形式結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的形式結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式其它其它。 如：如： They were free the day before yesterday, but we were busy 前天他們很閑，而我

13、們卻很忙。前天他們很閑，而我們卻很忙。I got up at 6:30 yesterday 昨天我是六點(diǎn)半起床的。昨天我是六點(diǎn)半起床的。 2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式結(jié)構(gòu)為：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)waswere動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它其它。 如：如： What were you doing this time yesterday 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么？昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么？ He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他正在黑板上畫(huà)一頭大象。當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他正在黑板上

14、畫(huà)一頭大象。 否定句、疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別否定句、疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句、疑問(wèn)句多是借助助動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句、疑問(wèn)句多是借助助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)體現(xiàn)的來(lái)體現(xiàn)的(be的疑問(wèn)句和否定句除外的疑問(wèn)句和否定句除外)，需要注意的是：此時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用，需要注意的是：此時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用原形原形。 如：如： He worked in Beijing last year 否定句：否定句：He didnt work in Beijing last year 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句：Did he work in Beijing last year 反意疑問(wèn)句：反意疑問(wèn)句：He worked in Beijing

15、 last year, didnt he 2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句、疑問(wèn)句多是借助系動(dòng)詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句、疑問(wèn)句多是借助系動(dòng)詞was或或were來(lái)來(lái)體現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)的(和動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞be一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句一樣一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句一樣)。 如：如： He was working in the park at eight yesterday morning 否定句：否定句：He wasnt working in the park at eight yesterday morning 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句：Was he working in the park at eight yesterday mo

16、rning 反意疑問(wèn)句：反意疑問(wèn)句：He was working in the park at eight yesterday morning, wasnt he 用法上的區(qū)別 1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作的未完成性動(dòng)作的未完成性，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作已完成動(dòng)作已完成。試比較：試比較： David wrote a letter to his father last night 大衛(wèi)昨晚給他父親寫(xiě)了一封信。大衛(wèi)昨晚給他父親寫(xiě)了一封信。(信寫(xiě)完了。信寫(xiě)完了。) David was writing a letter to his father last nig

17、ht 大衛(wèi)昨晚正在給他父親寫(xiě)信。大衛(wèi)昨晚正在給他父親寫(xiě)信。(指信在寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，不一定寫(xiě)指信在寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，不一定寫(xiě)完。完。) 3一般說(shuō)來(lái)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重一般說(shuō)來(lái)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度；而一般過(guò)去；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生某事，側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生某事，側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)。試比較：。試比較： It was raining heavily last night 昨晚下著大雨。昨晚下著大雨。(側(cè)重說(shuō)明下雨持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。側(cè)重說(shuō)明下雨持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。) It rained heavily last night 昨天下了大雨。昨天下了大雨。(側(cè)重說(shuō)明下雨這一事實(shí)。側(cè)重

18、說(shuō)明下雨這一事實(shí)。) 4在帶有在帶有all night, the whole morning等強(qiáng)調(diào)等強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的狀語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)更好些。如：更好些。如： He was working all night last Monday 上周一他整整工作了一個(gè)晚上。上周一他整整工作了一個(gè)晚上。 Simon: I (1) _ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) _ (win) the match. M

19、illie: I (3) _ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) _ (send) me an email last week.Sandy: I (5) _ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) _ (take) part in a competition this morning. was watchingwonwas writingsentwas practisingtookPeter: Last night, I (7) _ (find) a web

20、site about travelling in space. I (8) _ (read) passages on the website while you (9) _ (play) the piano, Sandy.Daniel: I (10) _ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) _ (call) me the day before yesterday, but I (12) _ (be not) at home then. foundwas readingwere playing

21、was talking calledwas notn. 章節(jié)，樂(lè)段章節(jié)，樂(lè)段Part C 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 與與 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1.概念不同：概念不同： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果?；蚪Y(jié)果。例如：例如：We are good friends(現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在情況) 我們是好朋友。我們是好朋友。I got to know him in 2005. (過(guò)去的動(dòng)作過(guò)去的動(dòng)作) 我在我在2005年認(rèn)識(shí)（

22、結(jié)識(shí)）他年認(rèn)識(shí)（結(jié)識(shí)）他We have known each other since 2005. (現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在并著眼于現(xiàn)在) 自從自從2005年來(lái)我們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)。年來(lái)我們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)。Linda has a big house. (現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在情況)She bought the house ten years ago. (過(guò)去過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作)She has owned the house for ten years.She has lived in the house for ten years. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)

23、作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在)2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：一般過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而連用，而現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： yesterday， last week，ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆為等，皆為具體具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： for， since，already， recently， so

24、 far， ever， never， just， yet， till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆等，皆不確定或模糊不確定或模糊的時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)。 3. 用法：用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live， teach， learn， work， study， know.。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come， go， leave， start， die， finish， become， get marrie

25、d等。等。I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）發(fā)生過(guò)了）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）I got up five hours ago.I have been up for five hours. (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）Why did you get up so early？ （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）Who hasnt handed in his paper？ (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑

26、為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng))He has been in the League for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday， last， week， in 1960）時(shí)，）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。改錯(cuò)：改錯(cuò)：Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.I have

27、 seen the film twice last month. wrote sawMultiple choice.( ) 1. Has your brother found his lost car _? - No, he hasnt. A. still B. already C. just D. yet( ) 2. The visitors _ here for a week. A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been( ) 3. Where _ you _ all these years, Jim? A. have, b

28、een B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay( ) 4. Ive _ this dictionary _ a year. A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB( ) 5. You _ here before, _ you? A. never are, are B. never came, do C. have never been, have D. were never, were( ) 6. The doctor _ to Beijing twice. A. has

29、gone B. has been C. went D. goes( ) 7. My mother has _ made a big mooncake herself. A. already B. yet C. just D. always( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He _ here for a month. A.has gone B. has left C. has been away from D. leftCBACFill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Tense: I _ in Shenzhen for about 15 years. (live)2. He _ here since 1998. (work)3. Bob isnt in. He_ to the cinema. (g