高考英語 英文寫作基礎-動詞素材 新人教版

1、英文寫作基礎動詞 文章是由句子組成的。每一個句子都少不了謂語。而擔任謂語的是動詞。對于一個很活躍的動詞，我們應該掌握以下幾個方面：一. 準確的讀音和拼寫聽得懂，說得出是寫作的基礎。只有掌握了正確讀音，才能做到這一點。只有正確的拼寫才能準確無誤地傳達信息。太多的拼寫錯誤會影響書面表達的得分。二. 基本意義三. 常用其它意義除了基本意義之外，這些詞在其它語境中還會有不同的意義，有自己的使用范疇。因此，只掌握基本意義是不夠的。四. 常見搭配我們所說的搭配，不僅包括動詞與介詞副詞的搭配，而且包括與名詞搭配的意義。以動詞make為例。make的基本意義是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床鋪”，

2、make use of意思是“利用”，make money掙錢，make a fortune: “發(fā)財”，make faces“做鬼臉”等等。五. 過去式與過去分詞在書面表達中很少用到一般現(xiàn)在時，除非是表示規(guī)律性和反復發(fā)生的動作，當涉及時態(tài)時，就會用到動詞的過去式過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞等形式。因此，熟練掌握一些常用不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞是非常必要的。這里，我們?yōu)橥瑢W們列出書面表達中經(jīng)常使用的一些動詞的形式。為了記憶方便，將它們分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五種形式。一個字母代表一種形式。AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut,

3、 spread, readABB: bend bent bent bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught deal dealt dealt feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found get got got hang hung hung (掛)have had had hear- heard heard hide hid hidhold held held ke

4、ep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led leave left leftlend lent lent light lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine shone shone shoot shot shot sit sat sat sleep slept slept spend spent spent stand stood stoo

5、d stick stuck stuck sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood win won won AAB:beat beat beatenABA:become became become come came come run ran run ABC:bear bore born begin began begun bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken d

6、o did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forbid forbade forbiddenforgive forgave forgiven give gave given forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode riddenring ran

7、g rung rise rose risen see saw seen shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunkspeak spoke spoken steal stole stolenswear swore swornswim swam swum take took taken tear tore torn throw threw thrown wake woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written 六. 及物動詞與不及物動詞英語動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。這一點與中文差別較大。表達同樣的

8、意思時，中文可以接賓語，而英文卻不行，需要更換另一個及物動詞，或接介詞。這種現(xiàn)象是很常見的。如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain? When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa. He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa. lie / lay: He was lying in bed. He

9、 laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising. I raised my voice but still couldnt make myself heard.listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. But I cant hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled. Then I saw somethin

10、g strange.此外，常用不及物動詞：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for

11、), worry (about)七. 后接賓語的形式 在及物動詞中，有些后面要求接不定式作賓語，有些要求接動詞的 ing 形式。要分類記憶。v. + to do 1. wish to do2. hope to do 3. promise to do4. decide to do 5. refuse to do6. agree to do 7. expect to do8. manage to do 9. fail to do10. prefer to do 11. plan to do 12. want to do 13. ought to do14. have to do 15. used

12、to do/be used to do 16. seem to do 17. would like to do18. in order to do 19. so as to do20. set out to do 21. make up ones mind to do22. It takes sb. some time to do23. be going to do24. be about to do25. happen to do26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing 27. be thought/believed /said /reported

13、 to do28. have no choice but to dov. + doing 1. enjoy doing 2. risk doing 3. avoid doing4. keep doing 5. practise doing 6. suggest doing / sb.s doing / that sb. (should) do 7. miss doing8. finish doing 9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing 11. resist doing 12. consider doing13. mind doing / sb.s d

14、oing / if sb. do 14. imagine doing 15. deny doing八. 瞬時動詞 有些動作瞬間發(fā)生，不能延續(xù)。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry等等。I have arrived in Beijing for two days.（）I have been in Beijing for two days. （）How long may I borrow the book? （）How long may I keep the book? （）They have marr

15、ied for ten years. （）They have been married for ten years. （）The film has begun for ten minutes.（）The film has been on for ten minutes. （）How long have you bought the TV set? （）How long have you had the TV set? （）The writer has died for 2 years. （）The writer has been dead for 2 years. （）以take為例：I. 基

16、本意思為：“拿走帶走 ”。還有“花時間占據(jù)乘交通工具”等多種意義。不規(guī)則動詞，過去式是took, 過去分詞為taken。1. Dont forget to your raincoat with you when you go out. （帶走）2. He was taken away by the police. （被動）3. Im sorry I took your bicycle by mistake. （拿）4. It took us three hours to do the operation. （花時間）5. If you my advice, youll have no trou

17、ble doing it. （采納）6. Dont everything in the newspaper for granted. （認為）7. I like the red blouse. Ill it. （買）8. When are you taking your driving test?（參加）9. Why not a taxi? （乘）10. Take the medicine three times a day. （服藥）11. 與某些名詞連用，表示這個動作。 take a look = to look take a rest / (take a break) = to rest

18、 take a walk take a risk take a shower take a deep breathtake advantage ofII. 常見搭配 take notes take ones temperature take care (of) take part (in) take an interest in take photos (of) take a seat take something as an example III. 常見的短語動詞1. take away: All his belongings have been taken away from him.2. take back