專業(yè)英語四級分類模擬360

1、專業(yè)英語四級分類模擬360( 總分： 67.55 ，做題時間： 90 分鐘 )一、PARTIREADING COMPREHENSION、題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：47.50)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONEA century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protectthat company. But perhaps this phenomenonwas most str

2、iking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligencecases decided through 1896 involved railroads.And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides.Government supported the railroad industry; the

3、progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiringthem often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farrell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmansnegligence ran his engine off the tr

4、ack. The court reasoned, that since Farrell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarilyat good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, wasa pure accident. In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employ

5、ee caused by the mistake ofanother. In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spreadseveral blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the courtoverturned the jurys decision because it argu

6、ed that the railroads negligence was the immediate cause of damage onlyto the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads against theireconomic and political power and high fares as well as agai

7、nst their callousness toward individuals. PASSAGE TWO Itwas the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter ofWorld War II, more than 10,000 people mostl

8、y women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push intoNazi Germany were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds offamilies sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Somew

9、ho succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people frozeimmediately. Ill never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watchingthe ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave and intoseemin

10、g nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including morethan 4,000 children with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English nextyear, doesn

11、t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later:Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East. The reason was obvious.As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: Because t

12、he crimes we Germansare responsible forwere and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable and necessary. By unreservedlyowning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second Wo

13、rld War, Germans have managedto win acceptanceabroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at homeand make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is moreprosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting aboutpainful memories like th

14、e GermanTitanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correctGermans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German sufferingwith that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.PASSAGE THREEThree

15、years ago, Joseph J. Ellis, one of the most widely read American historians, ran into a career crisis of his ownstrange devising. Just months after his book,Founding Brothers: TheRevolutionary Generationwon the Pulitzer Prize and planted itself for a long run on the best-seller list, it emerged that

16、Ellis, who spent the Vietnam War years doing graduate work atYale and teaching historyat West Point, had been offering hisstudents at Mount Holyoke Collegewholly invented accounts of his days as a platoon leader in Vietnam. After his tall tales were exposed in the Boston Globe,Ellis was suspended wi

17、thout pay for a year and compelled to relinquish his endowed chair.But even after the story broke, his book continued to sell briskly. And why not? No one ever accused him of falsifying hisscholarship, and his probing biographies remain some of the most psychologically penetrating portraits of the F

18、oundingFathers that we have. His supple new book,His Excellency: George Washington(Knopf; 320 pages), is another inthat line, full of subtle inroads into the manEllis calls the most notorious model of self-control in all of American history,the original marble man.The Washington Ellis gives us is no

19、t the customary figure operating serenely above the fray but a man constantlyseeking to govern his own passions. Ironically, telling Washingtons story truthfully requires Ellis to occasionally castdoubt on the great mans honesty. Washington could lie when he needed to for instance, by misrepresentin

20、g forposterity his role in the disastrous engagement at Fort Necessity during the French and Indian War. And throughout hiscareer, he feigned a lack of ambition as cover for a relentless impulse to move upward in the world.Washington had no more than a grade-school education, but he had an early gra

21、sp of issues that would be crucial toAmericas future, such as westward expansion and the vexing matter of slavery. He eventually concluded that slaverymust be abolished, though his own slaves were freed only after his death. He also understood precisely what his role inthe new nation should be. Wash

22、ington emerged from the War of Independence as a kind of god. Like Caesar before himand Napoleon after, he might easily have parlayed military glory into imperial power. But he performed his greatestservice to his country by refusing to yield to that temptation. At the end of his secondAdministratio

23、n, he turned down a third term, thereby establishing an enduring example of limited presidential tenure.Washington was willing to refuse a crown, but he was exasperated by Thomas Jeffersons and James Madisonsaversion to federal power. His experience during the war with Britain, when a rudderless Con

24、tinental Congress left hisarmy chronically short of supplies, convinced him of the need for a government strong enough to pursue nationalpurposes. But as Ellis sees it, Washingtons views were also projections onto the national screen of the need for thesame kind of controlling authority he had orche

25、strated within his own personality. The Father of His Country had first toprevail as master of himself.PASSAGE FOURThe tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between thenations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communicat

26、ion by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visiteach others countries at a moderate cost.What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodysgrasp.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modem travelers enjoy a level of comfort whi

27、ch the lordsand ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of.But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remainbasically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately s

28、et out to protect their clientsfrom too much contact with the local population. The modemtouristleads a cosseted, sheltered life.He lives at international hotels, where he eats his internationalfood and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to pl

29、aces of interestare carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strictschedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he isonly too happy to be protected in this way. At

30、its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. Thesummer quarters of the inhabitants of the Cite Universitaire are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu.Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thin

31、g about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You cantest this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italia

32、n. Now in your mind,match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insightinto the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you setout on your travels, the only characte

33、ristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come awaywith the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites and that Latin peoplesshout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereo

34、types are.But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us tothe basic fact how trite it soundsthat all people are human.We are all similar

35、to each other and at the same time all unique. （分數(shù)： 47.55 ） （1）.Which of the following is NOTtrue in Farrells case?（PASSAGE ONE（） 分數(shù)： 3.17 ）A. Farrell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.VB. Farrell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.C. The

36、 court argued that the victim had accepted therisk since he had willingly taken his job.D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.解析： 考點 本題出題點在專有名詞人名處 根據(jù)題干信息詞 Farrells case 將答案鎖定在文章第三段。文章第三段提到，在法雷爾事件中，由于扳道 工的過失造成法雷爾失去了右手。法庭說，既然法雷爾愿意接受高薪聘請成為一名工程師，他就必須接受 相應的風險。 如果扳道工工作仔細的話，

37、 這種事是可以避免的， 所以法庭認定這件事是“純粹的意外事故”。 因此 A 項（法雷爾因自己的機器脫離軌道而傷到自己）錯誤；B 項（如果扳道工再小心一點，法雷爾的手就不會被切下來）和 C 項（法庭說受害人愿意接受這份工作，所以必須承擔相應的風險）正確；從本段的最后一句可以推斷出法庭決定鐵路不應該負責，所以D 項正確。只有 A 項不符合原文，故為答案。（2）.What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court? （PASSAGEONE）（分數(shù)：3.17 ）A. The railroad compensated for

38、the damage to the immediate buildings.VB. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.解析： 考點 本題出題點在轉(zhuǎn)折處根據(jù)題干信息詞 fire 將答案鎖定在文章第四段最后兩句。該段最后兩句提到，法庭推翻了陪審團的決定， 法庭認為，鐵路的粗心只是導致了附近幾個建筑

39、物的損失，鐵路對遠處失火的建筑物不應負任何責任。所 以 A 項（鐵路只賠償附近幾個建筑物的損失）正確；B 項（鐵路對所有起火的建筑物都有責任）、C 項（鐵路對所有起火的建筑物都未賠償損失）和 D 項（鐵路工人自己賠償損失）都不對，故選 Ao.What does the passage mainly discuss?（PASSAGE ONE）（分數(shù)：3.17 ）A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.B. History of the US railroads.C. Railroad workers working rights.D.Law ca

40、ses concerning the railroads.V解析： 考點 本題考查文章主題，應著眼于全文 根據(jù)題干信息將答案鎖定在全文。本文主要是討論上一世紀美國司法系統(tǒng)在鐵路官司中對公司的偏袒，以 及對工人權(quán)利的漠視。由此可見文章主要講述與鐵路相關(guān)的法律案件，因此 D 項（關(guān)于鐵路的案件）正確，B項（美國鐵路的歷史）和 C 項（鐵路工人的工作權(quán)利）錯誤，A 項（在美國鐵路壓制個人）不是作者持有的觀點， 故選 D。（4）_.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when -|-_ （PASSAGE TWO（） 分數(shù)：3.17 ）A. a stron

41、g ice storm tilted the ship.B. the cruise ship sank all of a sudden.C. the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side.VD. the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats.解析： 考點 本題出題點在第二段細節(jié)處根據(jù)題干信息詞 Hundreds of families 將答答案鎖定在文章第二段。第二段第二句提到，冰暴使甲板結(jié)了冰，當船傾斜時，人們便掉進了海里。所以 C 項（嚴重受創(chuàng)的船傾斜）正確，B 項（船只忽

42、然下沉了）和 D 項（受 驚嚇的乘客為了救生船而互相打斗 ） 錯誤， A 項（冰暴使船只傾斜 ） 錯誤，冰暴使甲板結(jié)冰， 但并未使船傾斜， 故選C。（5）.How does GunterGrass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?（PASSAGE TWO （）分數(shù)：3.17 ）A. By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.B. By describing the ships sinking in great detail.C. By giving an in

43、terview to the weekly Die Woche.D. By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.V解析： 考點 本題考查文章第三段細節(jié)根據(jù)題干信息詞 Gunter Grass 將答案鎖定在文章第三段。文章第三段提到了 Gunter Grass 的作品，該作 品并不是以船的沉沒為主要內(nèi)容，它刻畫的是船上的一名幸存者，一位懷孕的婦女，所以 D 項（通過刻畫一名幸存的年輕孕婦）正確，A 項（通過表現(xiàn)魚雷襲擊的驚恐畫面）和 B 項（通過詳細描寫沉船的過程）都是在為 年輕孕婦的幸存做準備，C 項（通過接受 Die Woche

44、采訪）僅僅是為了進一步解釋說明小說中女主人公所提到的沒人愿意提及這次海難的原因，故選D。（6）_ .It can be learned from thepassage that Germans no longer think that -|_ |-（PASSAGE TWO（） 分數(shù)： 3.17 ）A. they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy.VB. the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nat

45、ions past misdeeds.C. Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World Warn.D. it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries.解析： 考點 本題考查對文章整體的理解，需著眼于全文 根據(jù)題干信息和選項信息將答案鎖定在全文。分析原文可知，德國人在半個多世紀里閉口不談他們在第二 次世界大戰(zhàn)期問的海難， 這主要是由于他們在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時犯下的罪孽，但作家君特格拉斯喚起了 德國人的記憶，他們開始

46、談論那場海難，但也只是承認它的存在，并沒有其他目的。末段倒數(shù)第二句明確 指出：甚至連政治立場最正確的德國人也相信德國現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利去討論這次歷史事件，由此可以推斷，德國 人不再認為現(xiàn)在討論那次海難會讓人誤解，所以 A 項（如果他們談論這次海難將會被人們誤解）正確。B 項（這次海難是德國過去行為的合理代價）、C 項（德國應為第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中犯下的錯誤負責）和 D 項（把德國受到的傷害和其他國家受到的苦難等同是錯誤的 ）這三項都符合德國人的觀點， 題干為否定結(jié)構(gòu)， 故均應排除。（7）_ .According to Ellis, Washingtonsucceeded in his career due

47、 to his -|_|-（PASSAGE THREE（） 分數(shù)： 3.17 ）A. education.B. honesty.C. self-control.VD. lack of ambition.解析： 考點 本題出題點在第二至四段根據(jù)題干信息詞 Washington 將答案鎖定在文章第二至四段。文章第二段末句提到， 埃利斯稱， 華盛頓是歷 史上自我控制的典型。第三段首句提到，埃利斯給我們的華盛頓形象不是通常的沉著辯論的印象而是始終 控制自己的熱情。所以C 項（自我控制）正確，A 項（教育）錯誤，文中第四段提到他受教育的水平不高，B 項（減實）和 D 項（缺乏抱負）都不對，文中第三段講的

48、是華盛頓在需要撒謊的時候可以不誠實，華盛頓假裝缺 乏抱負，故選 C。（8） .Which of the following is the main idea of the last paragraph? （PASSAGETHREE）（分數(shù)：3.17）A. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison did not like to be President.B. Washingtons views of a government reflected his controlling authority of his ownpersonality.VC. A governm

49、ent is necessary to pursue national purposes.D. Washington realized his ambition to be the leader of America.解析： 考點 本題出題點在文章末段根據(jù)題干信息 the last paragraph 將答案鎖定在文章末段。文章末段指出，華盛頓本意拒絕成為領(lǐng)導人， 但他被托馬斯杰弗遜和詹姆斯麥迪遜對聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的厭惡情緒激怒了。英美戰(zhàn)爭中，沒有領(lǐng)導者的大陸 會議使他的軍隊長期缺乏供給，堅定了他對一個追求國家目標的聯(lián)邦政府的需要。但是在埃利斯看來，華 盛頓關(guān)于聯(lián)邦政府的觀點反映出他控制權(quán)力的性格特征

50、。所以作為總結(jié)性語句的 B 項符合本段主旨。A 項（托馬斯杰弗遜和詹姆斯麥迪遜不想當總統(tǒng)）、C 項（政府有必要追求國家的目標）和 D 項（華盛頓實現(xiàn)了成為美國領(lǐng)導者的雄心壯志 ）均只是本段的一個側(cè)面，故排除。（9）_ .The best title for this passage is -| |-（PASSAGE FOUR （）分數(shù)： 3.17）A. Tourism Contributes Nothing to Increasing Understanding Between Nations.VB. Tourism Is Tiresome.C. Conducted Tour Is Dull.

51、D. Tourism Really Does Something to Ones Country.解析： 考點 本題考查文章主題，應著眼于全文 根據(jù)題干信息和選項信息將答案的搜索范圍擴大至全文。文章首段末句提到，如果世界各國相互之間不了 解，那么大規(guī)模開展旅游活動就沒什么意義；第二段提到，許多旅游組織不讓旅游者接觸當?shù)鼐用?，讓?們過著關(guān)懷備至而又與當?shù)馗艚^的生活，嚴格的行程安排使旅游者難以自己閑逛，語言障礙又使他們樂意 接受保護；最后兩段說明短期旅行無法改變?nèi)藗儗ζ渌麌业墓逃锌捶ā＞C合可知，文章主要說明旅游無 法增進國家間的了解，所以A 項為標題合適，B 項（旅游是勞累的）和 C 項（有人

52、引導的旅游是枯燥無味的）錯誤，D 項（旅游為國家做出了貢獻）說的是旅游的正面意義，與該文內(nèi)容不符，故選Ao（10）_ .The purpose of the authors criticism is to pointout -|_|-（PASSAGEFOUR）（分數(shù)： 3.17 ）A. conducted tour is disappointing.B. the way of touring should be changed.VC. when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D. nation

53、al stereotypes should be changed.解析： 考點 本題考查文章目的，應著眼于全文根據(jù)題干信息和選項信息將答案的搜索范圍擴大至全文。文章第二段指出，跟團旅行使旅游者難以了解當 地風土人情；第三段指出，旅游者見到的僅僅證實了自己的先人之見，根本無法了解對方；第四段提到了 對其他民族模式化理解的可怕后果。由此推斷作者批判現(xiàn)有跟團旅行的目的是為了指出應該改變旅行的方 式，讓旅行者可以通過旅行了解當?shù)厍闆r，所以 B 項（應該改變旅游方式）正確，A 項（跟團旅游讓人失望）、C 項（旅游時，你會注意那些能加強你已有觀念的特征）和 D 項（應該改變民族成見）都不是目的，故選 Bo

54、（11）. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSAccording to the passage, what aroused public resentment against the railroads?（PASSAGE ONE）（分數(shù)： 3.17 ）解析： The railroads economic, political power, high fares and their indifference. 考點 本 題出題點在文章末段 題目問：什么導致了公眾對鐵路的怨恨?根據(jù)題干信息詞 public resentment 將答案鎖定在文章末段，resentmen

55、t 是 sentiment 的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。該段提到，人們心生怨恨的原因包括鐵路的經(jīng)濟和政治力量 (their economic andpolitical power) 、高票價 (high fares) 和對個人的麻木不仁 (callousness toward individuals)，“ callousness towardindividuals”我們可以總結(jié)為 indifference 詞，故得出答案。(12).Why was the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy little talked about for more than half a century?(PAS

56、SAGE TWO(分數(shù)：3.17 )解析：Germans felt guilty for their crimes in World Warn.考點 本題出題點在第三段因果關(guān)系處(Because.)題目問：古斯特洛夫號游船的悲劇為什么在半個多世紀的時間里都很少被人談到?根據(jù)題干信息詞 littletalked about 將答案鎖定在文章第三段最后三句。第三段倒數(shù)第二句首先提到原因很明顯(The reason wasobvious) ，接著引用 Grass 接受訪問時說的一句話說明了原因： Because the crimes we Germans are responsible forwer

57、e and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our ownsufferings ，是因為德國人在二戰(zhàn)中所犯的罪行是如此之重， 使德國人沒有余下的精力去訴說自己的不幸， 這里的 thecrimes 指的是德國在二戰(zhàn)中所犯的罪行，所以這場悲劇很少被人提及的原因是德國人對二戰(zhàn)所 犯的罪行感到愧疚。(13) .Whats the main purpose of Ellis new book about Washington? (PASSAGETHREE)(分數(shù)：3.17)解析： To present a candid

58、story of Washington. 考點 本題考查文章的目的應著眼于全文題目問： 埃利斯關(guān)于華盛頓新書的主要目的是什么?題目問的是為什么寫一本書， 可先找到文中關(guān)于這本書的描述，第一段即引出了這本書，但并沒有介紹寫作目的，因此繼續(xù)搜索答題信息，可以把搜索范圍擴大 到全文。埃利斯書中講述的始終是華盛頓的性格自我控制，及這種性格對他的有益影響，所以埃利斯 新書的主要目的在于展示關(guān)于華盛頓的自然而真實的故事。(14) .What is the authors attitude toward tourism?(PASSAGE FOUR ()分數(shù)： 3.17)解析： The authors att

59、itude is critical./Critical. 考點 本題考查作者的態(tài)度題目問： 作者對旅游業(yè)持什么樣的態(tài)度?題干信息詞并沒有明確地指向某段，因此將答案的搜索范圍擴大至全文。文章首段結(jié)尾通過疑問句表明，在各國對彼此還不了解的情況下，大規(guī)模開展旅游沒有任何意義； 第二段指出跟團旅行無法了解當?shù)仫L土人情；第三段首句感嘆旅游導致對其他民族的模式化理解，是可悲 的。由此推斷作者對現(xiàn)在的旅游業(yè)持批判態(tài)度。常用的表示人物態(tài)度的詞還有negative 否定的”、approving “贊成的”、 apprehensive “憂慮的”等。(15) .According to the passage,

60、why do the travelers at Torremolinos eat fish and chips? (PASSAGEFOUR)(分數(shù)：3.17)解析： They are organized to eat international food. 考點 本題考查文章第二段的細節(jié)題目問：為什么在 Torremolinos 游客要吃魚和薯條 ?根據(jù)題干信息詞 Travelers at Torremolinos 將答案 鎖定在文章第二段。文章第二段第四句提到，游客住在國際化賓館里，吃國際化食物，喝國際化飲料，遠 觀當?shù)厝?；該段最后一句提到，游客?Torremolinos 吃的不是什錦飯，