人教版選修六第四單元知識點(123)

1、典型句式1There is no doubt that.毫無疑問_the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問,地球是在變暖,而地球變暖正是人類活動導致而成,并非是一種無規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。2現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere_ the gl

2、obal temperature to go up.這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中,從而引起全球氣溫上升.3賓語從句中的強調句They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels _this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們還贊同正是由于越來越多燃燒化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。4so long as“只要”,引導條件狀語從句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _you are using it if not,turn it

3、off！只要你在使用電器設備,你可以讓它開著,如果不用就把它關掉！5even if “即使;盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句_the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量,在未來幾十年或幾個世紀內,氣候仍會持續(xù)轉暖。 單元語法it用法()1(2013·山東省諸城市高三月考)_ will become more and more important to

4、 have a good knowledge of English.AWhat BWhichCThat DIt解析：選D?？疾閕t用法。it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式to have a good knowledge of English。句意：懂英語將變得越來越重要2(2013·河北省高三教學質檢)When asked to explain _ made his lessons so exciting, the teacher kept silent.Awhat it was that Bthat what it wasCwhat was it that Dthat wha

5、t was it解析：選A?？疾閕t用法。句意：當被問起是什么讓他的課如此令人興奮時,這位老師沉默了。“what it was that made his lessons so exciting”是賓語從句,因此要用陳述語序。從句中含有一個強調句型,被強調部分是從句的主語what。3(2012·成都部分高中高三教學質量檢測)Is it he or you _in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?Awho is Bthat is Cwho are Dwhom are解析：選C。考查強調句型及主謂一致。此處

6、為強調句型,強調了主語he or you,根據(jù)強調句型結構“It is/was被強調部分that/who其他”,首先排除D;謂語動詞的單復數(shù)根據(jù)所強調的主語he or you確定,or連接并列主語時采用就近一致原則,因此根據(jù)you確定謂語動詞為are。4(2013·長沙模擬)_was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week？Hes always so lazy.AWhere BHowCWhen DWhat解析：選B?？疾樘厥庖蓡柧涞膹娬{句式。根據(jù)“Hes always so lazy.”可推知,此處表示

7、“你的哥哥是如何通過上周的數(shù)學考試的”,故how當選。特殊疑問句的強調句式是“特殊疑問詞is/wasitthat從句(用陳述語序)?”句意：你的哥哥是如何通過上周的數(shù)學考試的？他總是那么懶。5Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?No problem.I like _when people are open and direct.Athat BthisCit Dthem解析：選C?？疾榇~it的用法。I like it when.是固定句式,表示“我喜歡”,it無實義。 單詞精研1.subscribevi.同意

8、;捐贈;訂閱vt.簽署(文件)(牛津P2014)The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.當局不再支持殘疾人不適宜做教師的觀點。歸納拓展(1) subscribe to向捐; 訂閱; 預訂; 簽名認可,同意(2)subscribe name 簽名 subscribe a will 在遺囑上簽字 I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract, but it seemed that I had no cho

9、ice.我不愿在合同上簽字,可又似乎別無選擇。My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.我訂閱新科學家的主要原因是要跟上科學的進步。Dont go and ask for her idea about our plan.Never will she subscribe to it for the trip.不要去問她對我們這個計劃的想法。她不會同意這次旅行的。2.quantityn量;數(shù)量;數(shù)目,數(shù)額(教材P26) The problem begins w

10、hen we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.當我們向空氣中排放大量多余的二氧化碳的時候,問題就開始產(chǎn)生了。歸納拓展(1)in quantity(in large amounts)大量;很多(2)a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的quantities of 大量;許多(朗文P1667)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.大批量購買這些卡片要便宜些。As a result of destroying the

11、 forests,a large quantity of desert has covered the land.由于破壞了森林,大量的沙漠覆蓋了陸地。As far as Im concerned,it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.依我看來,重要的是質量而不是數(shù)量。【溫馨提示】(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。(2)“a quantity of名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);而“quantities of名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。With more for

12、ests destroyed,huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.隨著更多的森林被毀,每年有大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature is high.因為氣溫很高,大量空調都售出了。3.opposevt.反對;反抗;與(某人)較量(2012·高考廣東卷·閱讀理解B)I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby

13、 regularly.我一貫反對定時給嬰兒喂食。歸納拓展(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.反對某事/做某事/某人做某事object to (doing)sth.反對(做)某事(2)be opposed to反對4.rangen. 范圍; 射程; 類別; (山脈,房屋等的)排列v變動,變化;排列(2012·高考江西卷·閱讀表達)Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of cho

14、ices for them.以某一主題集郵在青少年中很受歡迎,因為他們有很大的選擇余地。歸納拓展(1)a wide range of 一系列;各種各樣in/within range 在射程以內,在范圍內beyond/out of range 在射程外,在范圍外(2)range from.to. 在范圍內變動range between.and. 在和范圍內變動(3) wide-ranging adj. 范圍很廣的;向深處延伸的;遙遠的5.averageadj.平均的;普通的;正常的;平常的n平均數(shù);平均水平;一般水準v計算出的平均數(shù)(2012·高考四川卷·閱讀理解E)Scie

15、ntists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900.科學家認為自1900年以來,世界平均溫度已經(jīng)升高了約0.8.歸納拓展(1)an average of平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)(2)on (the) average 平均起來above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下up to average 達到平均數(shù);達到一般水準(3)average out 算出平均數(shù)6.glancevi.看一下,掃視n一瞥(教材P27)Glance quickly at the magazine art

16、icle and answer the questions.快速瀏覽一下這篇雜志文章,然后回答問題。歸納拓展(1)glance at/over/through瀏覽;匆匆地看一眼(2) at a glance一眼;立刻at first glance乍一看;乍看之下take/have a glance at匆匆看一眼7.circumstancen環(huán)境;情況(通常用作復數(shù)形式)(教材P30)Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情況允許的話,回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和報紙。歸納拓

17、展in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下;情況既然如此in/under no circumstances 決不,無論如何都不(放句首時主句用倒裝語序) 跟蹤訓練.完成句子1_(匆匆看了之后)at the patient,the doctor rang for an ambulance.2Now many companies _ (更關心質量)than quantity.3In some supermarkets,prices of items go up and down _(隨意的)4We _(堅決反對)helping the young man addicted

18、 to alcohol.5Rose lost her job again.Dont worry.There is _(大量工作)for girls of her age.6_(平均起來),men smoke more cigarettes than women in China. .單項填空1(2013·浙江紹興質檢)Do you _to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?Absolutely not.I think it is just on the rise.AappealBopposeCsubscribe Dres

19、pond解析：選C。句意：你同意她關于經(jīng)濟狀況的悲觀看法嗎？完全不。我認為經(jīng)濟在回升。subscribe to同意;appeal to吸引,呼吁,求助于;oppose to反對;respond to對做出回應。根據(jù)答語可知C項正確。2(2011·高考天津卷)He was a good student and scored_average in most subjects.Abelow BofCon Dabove解析：選D?？疾榻樵~辨析。句意：他是個好學生,而且大部分課程的成績高于平均分。above average高于平均水平; below average低于平均水平;on avera

20、ge按平均計算。根據(jù)a good student可知D項正確。3(2013·江蘇鹽城中學檢測)Under no circumstances,I was warned,_to give the password to someone else.Acould I BI couldCI was Dwas I解析：選D?？疾榈寡b語序。帶有否定詞的短語Under no circumstances 位于句首時,句子應該采用部分倒裝的形式;因為本句的謂語動詞是不定式,因此選D。4Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of

21、 water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted解析：選D?？疾闀r態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。句意：這湖水怎么這么難聞？因為大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。water與pollute為被動關系,故排除A項;B項表示“正被污染”, 故排除;large quantities of后加名詞,謂語動詞應與quantities保持一致,故排除C項,答案為D項。5Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reach

22、ed 200,000,a(n)_ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解析：選A。an average of.平均是。句意：去年畢業(yè)就有駕照的學生人數(shù)達到20萬,平均每年4萬。6This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解析：選C?？疾槊~辨析。foods后面的定語從句that suit all tastes and pocket

23、s(適合各種口味和消費層次)說明“該飯店的食物多種多樣”,所以應該用range。division“劃分;分開”;area“區(qū)域”;circle“圓圈;環(huán)”。一、幫你歸納1consume vt.消耗，消費，毀滅consumer n. 消費者be consumed with 因而變得憔悴，給弄得心勞神疲consume away 消耗掉；憔悴；枯萎，凋謝辨析：use，consume與employ用作動詞時，這幾個詞都可以表示“用，使用”，具體區(qū)別如下：(1)use“用”，“使用”。普通用語。指事物時有消費的意義，指人時，對這個行動表示強烈的不贊成。如：The company now uses a c

24、omputer to do all its accounts.該公司現(xiàn)在使用一臺電腦處理一切賬目。(2)consume“用”。表示用盡，耗盡，指用在自己身上。如：They asked how many bottles of wine he consumed in one year.他們打聽他一年里喝了多少瓶白酒。(3)employ“使用”。較正式用語。指人時有“雇用”的意思；也可用于物，但無消費之意。如：You can employ your spare time better.你可以把業(yè)余時間利用得更好些。2come about 發(fā)生；造成；(風、船等)轉向come across 偶遇；碰到

25、come along 進展；進行come out 公開；問世；出版come round 恢復知覺；蘇醒過來come to 涉及；共計；達到come up with 提出come up 上來；被提出，發(fā)芽提示：come about為不及物動詞短語，相當于happen或occur，無被動形式。3subscribe v. 捐款；訂閱；簽署(文件)；贊成subscriber n. 訂戶；簽署者；捐獻者subscribe for 預訂，訂閱；捐款，捐助；認購subscribe to 對捐款；訂閱(報刊)；同意，贊成辨析：agree，approve與subscribe這些動詞均含“同意、贊同”之意。具體區(qū)

26、別如下：(1)agree 普通用詞，側重指對某事同其他人有相同的意見或想法。如：My parents agreed that we should go.我的父母親同意我們去。(2)approve 側重對認為正確或滿意的事表示贊同或批準。作不及物動詞用時，常與of連用。如：My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不準許我吸煙。(3)subscribe 指完全地贊成已闡明的立場。多用于比較愿意支持一種立場或為一種立場所辯護的情況。提示：subscribe 表示“捐款；捐助”之意時，常與to，for連用；表示“同意，贊同”時

27、，常與to連用。4quantity of 許多的；大量的a quantity of 許多的；大量的in large quantities 大量地a large quantity of 大量的in quantity 大量的in large amount 大量地提示：a large quantity of/quantities of后可以跟可數(shù)名詞也可跟不可數(shù)名詞。如果該短語作主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要依據(jù)quantity的單復數(shù)形式而定。這樣考過(山東模擬)With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth _ each

28、year.Ais washing awayBis being washed awayCare washing away Dare being washed away答案：D5tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧vt.照顧；護理tend to/towards sth.趨向；走向tend to sb./sth.照料；照管tend to do sth.易于；往往會做某事(尤指不好或惱人的事)6result in 導致，引起，結果為result from.因而引起，因而導致as a result 結果是(作狀語)as a/the result of.由于without result 毫無結果的提示：res

29、ult是不及物動詞，與in連用，表示“引起某種結果”，句子的主語是原因，in的賓語是結果。result from“由于而造成后果”，后接導致某事的原因；result in則后接所導致的結果。as a result為固定詞組，意為“結果，因此”，在句中作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號和后面的句子隔開。as a result of.意為“作為的結果”，在句中特指引起某種結果的原因時，用定冠詞代替不定冠詞。這樣考過(2009·郴州臨測)It is a disease that can _ total deafness if left untreated.Aleave behind Bleave

30、 aloneClet down Dresult in答案與解析：Dleave behind“留下，忘帶”，leave alone“對置之不理，不管”，let down“減退”，result in“導致”。7oppose vt.反對；反抗opposed adj. 反對的；對立的be opposed to 反對opposite n相反的人(事物)adj.相反的，對立的object to 反對8state n狀態(tài)，狀況；國家，政府v陳述，表達normal state 正常狀態(tài)in a state of 在情況之下a good state of health 良好的健康狀況辨析：state，condi

31、tion與situation這三個詞都含有“情況”的意思，但用法有區(qū)別：(1)state 指人或物存在或所處的狀態(tài)，也可以指周圍各種條件在一定范圍內對人產(chǎn)生影響的狀態(tài)，但不著重于這種狀態(tài)和具體原因或條件的關系。(2)condition 強調暫時環(huán)境或形勢對目前情況的影響。(3)situation 多指被放置或設置的情況，可用于特定的、個別的或引起興趣的環(huán)境。9consequence n結果；后果；影響as a consequence of/in consequence of(as a result of)由于；作為的結果in consequence因此，結果in consequence of

32、sth.(as a result of sth.)由于(某事物)的緣故；因而be of no consequence(to sb.)對無關緊要take/suffer/bear the consequences of one's actions承擔行動的結果10range n山脈；一系列；范圍；射程vt. 排列；歸類于vi.平行；延伸；漫游a low range of prices 低檔價錢at close range 接近地at long/short range 在遠/近距離be ranged against 站在的對立面in/out of(beyond)range 在射程內/外in

33、range with 和并排；和同一方向in the range of 在范圍內；在射程內可能這樣考Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?No.It's out of _.Arange BreachCcontrol Ddistance解析：range 表示“(槍、彈等的)射程”。in/within/out of/beyond range表示“在射程以內/外”。而out of one's reach 表示“夠不到”；out of control 表示“失去控制”；沒有“out of distance”這種表達。答案：A11o

34、n the whole 大體上；基本上；總的看來as a whole 作為一個整體；總體上the whole of sth.全部；全體；所有more or less 大體上；或多或少generally speaking 一般來說12on behalf of(on sb.'s behalf)代表on account of 因為，由于on my own 獨自地，單獨地on one's feet 站立著；自立；經(jīng)濟上獨立on the trail of 跟蹤追趕13put up with 忍受keep up with 與保持一致catch up with 趕上come up with

35、產(chǎn)生；提出put up 建造(房屋)；搭起(賬篷)；張貼；提高put up to 縱容，鼓動put off 推遲，拖延put out 熄滅，關上put aside 儲蓄(金錢)put away 把收起來，放好put forward 提出，向前撥14so/as long as只要(引導條件狀語從句)(1)與so/as long as同義的引導條件狀語從句的連詞還有：on condition that，provided(that)，providing(that)，only if，if等。(2)as long as還有“與一樣長”之意。1)glance at/over/through瀏覽；匆匆地看一

36、眼glance off 擦過；掠過(2)at a glance 一眼；立刻at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下take/have a glance at 匆匆看一眼steal a glance 偷偷看一眼(1)glance指很快地看某人或某物一眼。(2)glare指怒視。(3)stare指由于生氣、好奇、害怕或吃驚而睜大眼睛注視某人或某物。(4) glimpse意為“瞥見”，強調結果。多用名詞形式，catch/get a glimpse of“瞥見”。After a quick at the newspaper，he went for the meeting.A. glance B

37、.glimpseC.gaze D.stare e about 發(fā)生 與happen /take place /break out How (did it) come (about)? When Mother woke up, she didnt know_ what had come about. Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. /come out: The book will _ _next week. /come up: The subject _in the tal

38、k. We watched the sun_. 2. subscribe I subscribe to the idea. =? I subscribe to a magazine. The man subscribes a lot of money to the school. (vt.) 3.quantity (1) A large quantity of food/books _sent there. (2) Quantities of food / books _sent there. A large amount of food_ sent there. Large amounts of food _sent there (Is/has been;are;is;are) 4.tend (1) The girl tends to get fat. (2) tend (to) the injured Trend (n.) Tendency (n.) 5.go up/rise The price of house is going up. 與come up/ lift up/ grow up/ bring up 6. result in+ “導致” result from + “由于” As a resul