寶玉石專業(yè)外語(yǔ)

1、課程名稱：寶玉石專業(yè)外語(yǔ)Englishingemmology de'mldi主講課教師：趙娟、課程性質(zhì)、目的與任務(wù)第一章緒論寶石專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課是寶石方向的專業(yè)根底課程之一. 課程將系統(tǒng)介紹寶石的形成分布；物理光學(xué)性質(zhì)； 寶石詞匯；各種主要寶石及寶石鑒定的儀器等根本 知識(shí).本課程采取全英文教學(xué),并配合以計(jì)算機(jī)多 媒體教學(xué).目的是進(jìn)一步提升學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用水 平.二、課程根本要求要求學(xué)生了解、掌握寶石的根本概念和根本物理、光學(xué)性質(zhì)；掌握寶石詞匯；掌握各類主要寶石；要求能夠用英語(yǔ)掌握根本專業(yè)知識(shí),能夠熟練閱讀、譯英文資料,到達(dá)熟練聽、說、讀、寫、譯的水平.三、課程教學(xué)主要內(nèi)容第一章緒論(Intro

2、duction)第二章寶石的形成及分布(FormationandDistribution )第三章寶石的性質(zhì)(Properties) 'prpti1 .寶石的物理性質(zhì)(PhysicalProperties )(1)HardnessSpecficGrav計(jì)y比重Cleavage 'kli:vid andFracture 'frkt解理與斷裂2 .寶石的光學(xué)性質(zhì)(OpticalProperties)(1)Color(2)Refractive ri'frktiv Index(RI)折射率(3)Luster 'lst光澤(4)Interference ,int&

3、#39;firns干擾(5)Cat ' seyesandStars3 .寶石的結(jié)晶學(xué)根底(Crystallography) ,krist'l gfi結(jié)晶學(xué)第四章寶石詞匯(Vocabulary )第五章寶石各論(MajorGemstones)1 .鉆石(1)鉆石的形成(Formation)(2)鉆石的產(chǎn)地(Occurrence) 'k:rns,-'k-(3)鉆石的切割(Cutting)(4)鉆石的重量及質(zhì)量(WeightandQuality)(5)鉆石的歷史(History)(6)世界名鉆(FamousDiamonds)(7)決定鉆石質(zhì)量的四個(gè)因素(4 C)(8)

4、戴比爾斯鉆石推廣中央介紹(DeBeers)2 .翡翠(Jade讓e) 'deidait3 .紅寶及藍(lán)寶(Ruby'ru:bi andSapphire 'sfai)4 .祖母綠及海藍(lán)寶石(Emerald 'emrld andAquamarine,kwm'ri:n)5 .珍珠(Pearl) p:l6 .琥珀(Amber) 'mb第六章寶石鑒定及儀器(IdentficationandApparatus ,p'reits)1 .寶石鑒定要點(diǎn)(Observation ,bz:'vein Points)2 .寶石鑒定儀器(Apparatus)

5、第七章寶石力口工及優(yōu)化 (FashioningandEnhancement in'h ans,-hns)1 .寶石切割(Faceting) 'fsit2 .寶石力口工(Fashioning)3 .寶石仿制及優(yōu)化(Imitation ,imi'tein andEnhancement)4 .合成寶石(SyntheticGemstones)第八章鉆戒的選擇及保養(yǎng)(ChoosingandProtecting)四、學(xué)時(shí)分配章次內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)一緒論(Introduction)2二寶石的形成及分布(FormationandDistribution)4三寶石的性質(zhì)(Properties)41

6、四寶石詞匯(Vocabulary)6五寶石各論(MajorGemstones)20六P寶石鑒定及儀器(IdentficationandApparatus)6七寶石力口工及優(yōu)化(FashioningandEnhancement)6八鉆戒的選擇及保養(yǎng)(ChoosingandProtecting)4英語(yǔ)聽力練習(xí)8英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)8測(cè)試4總計(jì)72五、教材及主要參考書教材：?EnglishinGemmology?,趙娟、周祖翼、廖宗廷編著.參考書：?Gemstones,CallyHall,1994 .Partiintroductionl.gemology de'mldi istherepresent

7、ation ,reprizen'tein ofwealthandpower.mysteriousmi'stiris appeal 'pi:l吸引力,color,lightrarity 'reftijthardness,durability ,djur'bilti而寸久性,beauty,strength,resilienceri'zilins,-jns彈力.2.Thestudyandidentificationofgemstonesisafascinatingexcitingtopic.3.Neededequipment.4.Synthetican

8、dman-madegemstones.5.Gemstones' valuegenerallydependsonfourelements:beauty,rarity,durabilityandc utting.Formationanddistributionofgemstonesl.howgemstonesandformedthemineral 'minrl礦物的 origin;(2)threetypesrocks:igneous 'i 5is火成的,sedimentary ,sedi'mentri沉淀的,andmetamorphic. ,met'm:fi

9、k變質(zhì)的2.wheregemstonesarefound(l)thegeologicalconditions.3.beauty,durabilityandrarity(1)beauty:1)adefinite 'definit確切的 chemicalcomposition ,kmp'zin ofgemstone.;2)color,lightfireandcutting;(2)durability1)hardnessscaleoffreidrichmohs;mohsfriedrich2)theuseofgemstones;3)thetoughness 韌性 ofgemstones

10、:atomic 'tmik structure,cleavageplane 平面 andfracture.(3)rarity1)carat 'krt weight.4.physicalproperties(1)hardness,1)definition; ,difi'nin清楚度2)thehardnessscaleofmohs;specificspi'sifik特殊的 gravitydensity 'densti密度,1)definition;2)themeasurement;3)someexamples(3)cleavageandfracture1)i

11、nternal in't:nl內(nèi)部的 atomicstructureofstone;2)thedivisionofcleavage.3)definitionoffracture. 'frkt斷裂5.opticalpropertiesallopticalpropertiesaredependentuponlight.(1)whatmakescolor1)thecolorofagemdependslargelyonthewayitabsorbslight.2) Accordingtothecolor,gems ' sdivision.(2)refractiveindex1)

12、definition;2)themeasurementofRI,andDR.(3)luster1)thedeterminationofluster;2)thedefinitionofsplendent; 'splendnt光亮的3)thedivisionofluster.(4)interference ,int'firns干擾1)definition; 定義2)theuseofinterference.(5)cat ' seyesandstars1)definition2)theoccurrence 'k:rns,-'k-出現(xiàn) ofcat ' s

13、eyesandstars.6.crystallographycrystal 'kristl結(jié)晶,homogeneous,hm'di:nis,hu-同種的 portion 'p:n,'pu-局部ofmatterthathasadefinite,orderlyatomicstructureandanoutwardformboundedby周圍是、以.為邊界 smooth,planesurfaces,symme-tricallyarranged.(1)conditionsforformation1)theformationconditionsofcryptocryst

14、alline ,kriptu'kristlain隱晶體的,rhyoliteandseedcrystal.(2)crystallography1)definition;2)someexamples.3)Thesymmetry'simitri對(duì)稱 ofthecrystal;4)Theisometric; ,aisu'metrik等軸的5)Tetragonal; te'tr cpl四角形的6)Orthorhombic; ,: 0 'rmbikp晶的；斜方晶系的7)Monoclinic; ,mnu'klinik單斜的；晶體單斜晶體的8)Triclinic

15、; trai'klinik adj.三斜晶系的,三斜的9)Hexagonal. hek's .ladj.六邊的,六角形的10)Afewelementsandcompounds'kmpaund,km'paund化合物 cancrystallizeintwodifferentsystems.7.Vocabularyofgemstones.8.diamond (l)thechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofdiamond;(2)formation:tremendous tri'mends極大的 greatandtremendouspr

16、essure.(3)occurrence:1)thehistory;2)diamonddeposits; di'pzit沉淀物(4)diamondcutting1)theprimaryobjectofdiamondcutting;2)sevenpopulardiamondcut;(5)weightandquality1)theunit:carat,point;2)fourcriteria; krai'tiri條件,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(6)history1)theoriginofthename.2)Thesourceofthestones.(7)famousdiamonds(8)4c four

17、characteristics ,krkt'ristiks特色 thatdeterminethequalityofadiamond;1)cut2)color;3)clarity;4)carat weight.(9)theidentificationofdiamondanditsimitation1)see-througheffect;2)pricetest;3)pocket 袖珍的 diamondtester.(10)deeers theinternationaldiamondcompanythatkeepsyournextsaleinmind.9 .jadeite 'deid

18、ait翡翠1)themostfrequent 'fri:kwnt,fri'kwent頻繁的 treatments;2)aseriesofteststothetreatments;(1)commercialclassificationofjadeite1)thevarietiesaccordingtoitscolor,basecolor,transparencytrns'prnsi,- 'p -,trnz-,tran-透明度 andtexture.10 .rubyandsapphire 'sfai藍(lán)寶石(1)ruby1)thedefinition;2)th

19、echemicalandphysicalproperties;3)occurrrence;(2)sapphire1)definition;2)occurrence;3)thechemicalandphysicalproperties.11 .emeraldandaquamarine(beryl)(1)emerald 'emrld祖母綠1)thechemicalcompositon;2)occurrence;(2)aquamarine ,kwm'ri:n海藍(lán)寶石1)thechemicalcompositons;2)occurrence.3)Remark.評(píng)論12 .pearl(1

20、)uniqueposition;(2)thestructureofpearls;(3)seasonal 'si:znl adj.季節(jié)的；周期性的；依照季節(jié)的 cessations se'sein中斷 fromgrowth;(4)theculturedpearls;(5)theformationofpearls.13 .amber(1)thecompositon,theformation;(2)thechemicalandphysicalproperties;sectility;sek'tiliti可切性(4)electricalproperties;(5)inclusi

21、ons; in'klu:n內(nèi)含物(6)fluorescence; flu'resns熒光性(7)occurrence;(8)vareties;(9)clarification;(10)pressedamber;(11)dyeing; 'daii染色(12)imitations1)copal 'kupl柯巴脂 resin; 'rezin樹脂2)glass;3)plastics.4.observation ,bz:'vein觀察 points(1)outsidesurfacefeatures;(2)damagefeatures;(3)surfacet

22、reatmentandothersfeatures;(4)symmetryofcut;(5)internalfeatures.15.apparatususedingemidentification(1)themainapparatus;(2)thespectroscope; 'spektrskup分光鏡(3)pointstoremember;16 .faceting 'fsit面(1)definition;(2)howastoneisfaceted;1)theprocure pru'kju獲得 ofgemstonesbeingfaceted;2)thecuttingst

23、yles;17 .thefashioningofgemstonesrough;(2)theweightlossaccompaningthecutting.(3)thestylesofgemcutting;(4)cabochon 'kbn依天然形狀磨圓的寶石 cut;18.imitationgemstonesandenhancement(1)definition;(2)thedesignation ,dezi dnein名稱 ofsynthetic;(3)therecordsofimitationgemstones;(4)thesynthesisofgemstones;1)glass;2

24、)plastics;3)composite 'kmpzit復(fù)合材料 gemstones;19.syntheticgemstones(1)definition;(2)therequirementstoaman-madegemstone;(3)makingasynthetic;(4)twomaingroupstoproducesyntheticgemsones;20.choosingandappropriate 'pruprieit,'pruprit適當(dāng)?shù)?settingstyle(1)prong prgpr:刺；貫穿；orclawsetting;JK式悌I秘c(2)bez

25、el 'bezl寶石的斜面 setting;(3)channelsetting;(4)bead bi:d珠子 orpave peiv鋪設(shè) setting;(5)flush florgypsy 'dipsi吉卜賽人的 setting;21.howtocareforandprotectyourdiamondring(1)cleaningyourdiamondring1)diamondisnatrualgreasegi:s油脂 attrators 'trkt吸引2)soakandwashinwarmsudsy'sdzi adj.肥皂般的；起泡沫的 water;3)us

26、eatoothpickthedirt;4)theprofessionalcleaning;(2)storingyourdiamondring;(3)preventingyourdiamondfrombeingswieched;1)stoneswitching; switt轉(zhuǎn)換的2)knowyourdiamond;3)keepthediamondclean;4)havedescriptive di'skriptiv描述的 characteristicsofyourdiamond;5)haveadiagram 'dai gm圖表 orphotograph;22.exercises(

27、1)環(huán)宇珠寶首飾環(huán)宇珠寶首飾以珠寶首飾的生產(chǎn)、加工、銷售為龍頭,擁有代表目前國(guó)內(nèi)外 高技術(shù)水平的寶石、翡翠、黃金檢測(cè)設(shè)備和一批造詣資深的寶石專家及高級(jí)治理人才.環(huán)宇首飾品追逐國(guó)際首飾最新潮流,款式精美華美,高貴典雅.即淋漓盡致地閃爍了 天然之靈光,又極富藝術(shù)地超越了人工之創(chuàng)意.天然與雕飾,皆極盡清水出芙蓉之風(fēng)采. 金昌珠寶飾品在新加坡、臺(tái)灣、韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)及港、澳臺(tái)地區(qū)、大陸市場(chǎng)形成了一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的 銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò).環(huán)宇珠寶首飾品在與國(guó)際珠寶市場(chǎng)接軌的同時(shí),還致力于向產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)化經(jīng)營(yíng)格局縱深.目前,公司的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝潢設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)、出口貿(mào)易等產(chǎn)業(yè)開展勢(shì)頭迅速,前景廣闊,如日中 天.(2)日本珠寶市場(chǎng)暫時(shí)難以好轉(zhuǎn)受日

28、本跑摸經(jīng)濟(jì)后遺癥的拖累,日本珠寶商最近異一段時(shí)間以來(lái),破產(chǎn)案接連發(fā)生. 據(jù)與日商有密切貿(mào)易關(guān)系的香港珠寶商預(yù)測(cè),這類破產(chǎn)案可能僅僅只是開始,估計(jì)今年日 本珠寶市場(chǎng)不會(huì)怎樣好轉(zhuǎn),因此,香港圓心在日本市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)的廠商一局部業(yè)務(wù)將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向已 經(jīng)飽和的歐美市場(chǎng),或者印度尼西亞、新加坡和菲律賓等潛力較好的東南亞市場(chǎng),但也有 一些人在日本市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)做開,不能貿(mào)然抽身,這些人應(yīng)該針對(duì)日本消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)力的變化, 降低首飾的檔次和價(jià)格,以維持銷售.日本的珠寶消費(fèi)目前分為兩個(gè)層次,高檔消費(fèi)群需要的是每件7000-8000美元的珠寶, 低檔消費(fèi)群只需要每件200-300美元的首飾.(3)俄鉆石界人士反對(duì)與戴比爾斯簽協(xié)定據(jù)俄

29、羅斯新每媒介報(bào)道,俄羅斯鉆石生產(chǎn)企業(yè)聯(lián)合總裁貝奇科夫表示,俄羅斯最好不 要同DEBEERS署協(xié)定,只同它就協(xié)調(diào)未加工的鉆石在世界市場(chǎng)上的價(jià)格和銷售量方面達(dá) 成一致.他認(rèn)為,俄羅斯應(yīng)該停止出口鉆石原料,應(yīng)該將其加工成鉆石和將全部銷售利潤(rùn)留在 本國(guó).現(xiàn)在俄羅斯鉆石工業(yè)有足夠的水平加工本國(guó)開采的鉆石原料.根據(jù)去年2月同俄羅斯簽署的合作原那么備忘錄, DEBEERS須每年從俄羅斯購(gòu)置5.5 億美元的未加工鉆石.但是,去年 9月份起草的將備忘錄具體化的貿(mào)易協(xié)定草案,俄聯(lián)邦 政府將在研究中,簽署日期一再順延.EXERCISETranslateenglishintochinesePartlnewmaster

30、pearlgradingsetGIAGEMInstrumentsisofferinganewCulturedPearlMasterComparisonSet,designedforde scribingstrandsofbead-nucleated,saltwaterculturedpearls.Thegradingfactorsalso canbeusedtoevaluatethepearlsinotherformsofjewelryaswellasdifferenttypesofcult uredpearlsornaturalpearls.DevelopedbyRichardDrucher

31、,PublisherofTheGuide,TheCulteredPearlMasterCompariso nSetservesthesameroleintheselectionofpearlsasdomasterdiamondcolorcomparisonse tsinthemasterstonegradingprocess,butitisusedforgradingotherqualityfactorsdina dditiontocolor.“TheCulturedPearlMasterComaprisonSetisaninvaluabletoolforbuying,selling,ande

32、 valuatingpearls " ,saidGIAGEMInstrumentsCEODICKAgnew."Ittakesyouthroughthecom arisonofcolor,luster,narcethickness,shapespottingandmake-allthegradingfactros needingtoconsideredinaculturedpearlstrand. Part20PticalpropertiesofgemstonesThebeautyofgemsdependstoalargeextentontheiropticalpropert

33、ies.themostimportant opticalproperties.includefire,thedisplayofprismaticcolors;dichroism,theabilit yofsomegemstonestopresenttwodifferentcolorswhenviewedindifferentdirections;an transparency.Diamondishighlyprized,becauseofitsfireandbrilliancy,rubyandemera ldbecauseoftheintensityandbeautyoftheircolors

34、,andstarsappireandstarrubybecaus eofthestareffect,knownasasterism,aswellasfortheircolor.Incertaingemstones,notablyopals,brilliantareasofcolorcanbeseenwithinthestone; theseareaschangeinhueandsizeasthestoneismoved.thisphenomenon,knowsasplayofcol or,differsfromfireandiscausedbyinterferenceandreflection

35、ofthelightbytinyirreg ularitiesandcracksinsidethestone.Opalsalsoexhibitmilkyorsmokyreflectionsfromw ithinthegem.Gemsthatarefibrousinstructureshowirregularinteriorreflectionssimi lartothoseseenonwateredormoorsilk.Thisopticalproperty,whichiscalledchatoyancy ,siexhibitedbyseveralgems,notablythetigereye

36、andcat ' -eye.Theappearanceofagemasseenbyreflectedlightisanotheropticalpropertyofgemstonesa ndiscalledluster.Thelusterofgemsischaracterizedbythetermsmetallicadamantine(l ikethelusterofthediamond),vitreous(likethelusterofglass),resinous,greasy,silk ypearlyordull.Lusterisidentificationofgems.Agemc

37、annotalwaysbeidentifiedbysightalone.itisthereforenecessarytorelyonmeasur ementoftheopticalpropertiesthatcanbedeterminedwithoutharmingthestoneinanyway.Thegemologistusesaninstrumentcalledarefractmetertomeasurethecharacteristicpro pertyofthestone,knowasrefractiveindex,whichisitsrelativeabilitytorefract

38、light .inaddition,aninstrumentcalledthepolariscopeisemployedtodeterminewhetheragemi ndoublyorsinglyrefracting(seeCRYSTAL).Emeralds,rubies,sapphires,amethystsands yntheticrubiesandsapphiresarealldoublyrefractingwhereasdiamondsspinelssynthet icspinelsgarnetsandglassaresinglyrefracting.Aspecialdark-fie

39、ldilluminatorwith abinocularmicroscopeisemployedforexaminingtheinteriorofagemstonetodeterminewh etheritisofnaturalorartificialoriginandtosearchforinclusionscharacteristicofa givengemstone.Thesetestsusuallyaresufficienttoidentifytheratherlimitednumberofmaterialsused asgemstones;occasionallyhowever,ot

40、herinstrumentsarerequired,includingadichres cope,whichmeasuresthepropertycalleddichroismoraspectra(seeSPECTROSCOPY;SPECTR UM),Hardnessthetestordinarilyassociatedwithgemtestingisneverusedoncuystonesby thegemologist.Anotherphysicaltestthatcanbegivetoanunknownstoneisthedeterminationofitsspecif icgravit

41、y(seeDENSITY).forexactdeterminationsvariousweighingdevicesareused,but roughapproximationsofthespecificgravityoflighterstonescanbemadebymeansofaseri esofliquidsofknownspecificgravity.Ifthestonewillfloatinaliquidhavingaspecific gravityof4andsinkinaliquidwithaspecificgravityof3,thespecificgravityofthes

42、ton emustliebetweentheselimitsandbeapproximately3.5.Part3GIAThegemologicalinstitute ofAmericafirstdevelopedasystemofdiamondgradinginthemiddle "thirties .initth eco lorsweredescribedaftertheirsource;thesearestilltodayknownasthe“oldterm .inthecourseofdecadesThissystemhasbeensupersededbyalettersys

43、tem,inwhichtheletterD representsthebestcolorqualityriver.Thelettersfollowinalphabeticalorderasfaras Z.othernomenclatureshavebeenguidedlargelybythebasesoftheGIAnomenclatureinprop oundingdefinitionsofterms,sothatwithinthevariousnomenclaturesagoodagreementca nbefound.ForclaritygradingtheGIAdevelopedasystemthat,withminorchangesintheformerdescri ptions,isstillvalidtoday.TheGIAclaritysystemreferstobothinternalandexternalfe aturesofacutdiamond.Thehighestclarity- gradeis “flawless “ andreferstocutdiamondswhichrevealnoinclu sionsunder10*magnification