高中英語語法-名詞性從句-全

1、高中語法之名詞性從句一，復(fù)習(xí)句型1,主+系+表Li Lei is a Chinese boy. （ Li Lei 是名詞，作主語。）2,主+VI（+介+賓）He arrived. （arrive就是不及物動(dòng)詞。）3,主+VT+賓He enjoys music.（enjoy 是及物動(dòng)詞，賓語為 music）二，名詞性從句的概念句子中的從句部分，作用相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。三，名詞性從句的分類主語從句What you said sounds reasonable.表語從句This is what I was asked to do.賓語從句Nobody knows wh

2、o broke the glass.同位從句The idea that we'll go out for a picnic is great.四，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句六、名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。主語：That she is still alive is her luck.她還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wed

3、nesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。2） That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：It i

4、s quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that-從句It is believed tha

5、t 人們相信It is known to all that 眾所周知It has been decided that 已決定c. It + be + 名詞 + that-從句It is common knowledge that是常識(shí)It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-從句It appears that 彳以乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起七、名詞性wh-從句1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括 who, w

6、hom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等連接代詞和 where, when, how, why等連接副詞。 Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如：主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語：The club will give whoever wi

7、ns a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。介詞賓

8、語：That depends on where we shall go. 那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?) Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將 wh-從句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。八 if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1) yes-no 型疑問從句從屬連詞if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型

9、疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同，例如：主語： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有待證實(shí)。賓語： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能 在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語： The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。同位語： They are investigating the que

10、stion whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調(diào)查他是否值 得信賴。形容詞賓語：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。2)選擇性疑問從句選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whether。or not構(gòu)成，例如： Please tellme whether / if they ar

11、e Swedish or Danish. 請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。I don'tcare whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。 if 和 whether 的區(qū)別：1、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用 whether 。I can' t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。2、在whether ornot的固定搭配中。I want to know whether it ' s good news or not .我想知道是否是好消息。3、在介詞后，只能用 whetheroHis fath

12、er is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔(dān)心是否會(huì)失去工作。4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用 whether oWhether this is true or not, I really don ' t know.這是否真的，我真的不知道。3、 （例 11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem .他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。-此例為主語從句，有誤，感謝指出）5、用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，只用 whethero如：Could you t

13、ell me if you know the answer ?這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請(qǐng)告訴我，好嗎？"。如用whether可避免歧義.九，whoever和whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whoever 弓 I 導(dǎo)主，賓從旬 =anyone who- whatever 弓 I 導(dǎo)主，賓從旬 =anything that-Whateveris left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two orthree weeks.（201 我徽卷 28）=Any

14、thing that is left over may be put into therefrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.Whoeverwalks around in such a heavy rain w川 catch a cold任何在這樣的大雨中行 走得人都會(huì)患感冒。 =Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.（主語從句）I will give the ticket to whoeve門s interested in music. 我將把票給對(duì)音樂感興趣的 人。=I w川 give the ticket to anyone who is interested in music.貨語從句） 注意區(qū)另Who will go makes no difference.（主語從旬）I don't know who will do it.（賓語從句） 以上兩句中的 who不能換成anyone who whoever弓I導(dǎo)狀語從何 時(shí)等于 no matter who what