短文改錯(cuò)口訣(附答案)

1、短文改錯(cuò)口訣:動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意是形還是副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。一. 動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。二.

2、名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫(xiě)成單數(shù)。例如：so that I ' ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects 三. 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。 這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：I ' m sure we ' ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful Unfortun ate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表

3、、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy parents love me and wi

4、ll do all they canA make sure to_上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而 過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種： 多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：It was very ki nd for them to meet me at the railway statio n and fWe must keep in mind that we play for the team in steadA

5、ourselves. of _六. 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類(lèi)；不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：They A eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beiji ng, where is the capital of China, which第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤；第二例則是詞類(lèi)與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。七. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯

6、性錯(cuò)誤。如稱(chēng)謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位 等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their First, let me tell you something more about myself.去掉 moreno way of setti ng the matter except by sell ingthe set.Now some on eat homereads in stead.every one上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths （史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。

7、第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開(kāi)始告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí) 的爭(zhēng)端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣(mài)了；晚上沒(méi)電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書(shū)了，所以該用every。ne。除了上述錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型外，?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤（可以歸類(lèi)為邏輯錯(cuò)誤）以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：She was smili ng but no ddi ng at me. and It looks as if my pare nts treat me as a visitor and a guest. orWe may be one fami

8、ly and live un der a same roof. the下面是全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。Last week my pare nts and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichua n. As every one kno ws, it' s famous 76.Mountain with all kinds of pla nts and ani mals. The weather 77.Was fin e. It was about noo

9、n we arrived at the foot of 78.the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79.climbed the moun tai n, we ed mon keys, visit ing temples 80.and told stories. On the way up I was busy tak ing picture 81.since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82.Evening came dow n. We

10、 spe nt the ni ght in a hotel at the top 83.of the mountain. The food was expe nsive and the service was 84.good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the mome nt my85.head touched the pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析：76. famous前加上a。（名詞數(shù)）。77.正確78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。（句子成分多分析）79. themus （邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注）80. visiting 宀visited（

11、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別）81. picture 宀pictures（名詞數(shù)）82. passes 宀passed （動(dòng)詞形） 83. 去掉down （習(xí)慣用法要記?。?4. and 宀but （but, and, or和so） 85.去掉at （句子成分多分析/習(xí)慣用法要記?。?。短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則1）句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞；2）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)；3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法；4）名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確；5）定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確；6）代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤；7）定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤；8）并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)

12、。1.2.3.例題分析Tom and Dick are next door n eighbor who work in the same office so they walked together to and from office. Some day as they were walk ing home together itsudde n started to rain. Tom quickly ope ned his umbrella 4.and said, "My wife surely has foresight （預(yù)見(jiàn)）.She saidon this morni n

13、g it would rain and told me to carry my6.umbrella with me." Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7."My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to8.carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certa inly9.have with you."10.1. 首先通讀全文，掌握大意此文講述的是鄰居 Tom和Dick的故事。2. 整句分析，逐行推敲 第二遍閱讀后 容易

14、改出的題有124610 然后先看前6項(xiàng)第3項(xiàng) 翻譯整句為：有一天當(dāng)他們一起走路回家時(shí)天突然開(kāi)始下雨了 。Some day不能表示有一天，屬于固定搭配中修飾詞有誤。 第5項(xiàng)，由于對(duì)foresight的意思和用法不清楚，不能輕易改動(dòng)。暫放一邊。 現(xiàn)在看7 10項(xiàng)。第7項(xiàng)翻譯意思：Dick笑了笑并且走向他(Ton),說(shuō)到，翻譯后很容易可以看出 said前有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，and連接的動(dòng)詞只有 smiled和walked。說(shuō)明此處有錯(cuò)。 第8題，又出現(xiàn)了 foresight ?，F(xiàn)在來(lái)比較第 5項(xiàng)和第8項(xiàng)的兩個(gè)句子。1) My wife surely has foresight (預(yù)見(jiàn))我的妻子肯定地作出 了

15、預(yù)見(jiàn)(Tom' s wife )2) My wife has even great foresight。我的妻子作出了更大的預(yù)見(jiàn) (Dick ' s wife)比較兩句后 可以判斷這里的foresight不是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞而是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞?？梢耘卸╣reat有錯(cuò)。并可以反推第5項(xiàng)應(yīng)該沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。(Dick的妻子說(shuō)的話(huà)明顯有比較的含義并且這樣才能突出文章的幽默感) 第9項(xiàng)理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)后，可以看出有一詞是多余的?？偨Y(jié)錯(cuò)誤考查點(diǎn)有1.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)2.時(shí)態(tài)3.固定搭配4。詞性5.多余的介詞和連接詞 6.非謂語(yǔ)7.形容詞的比較級(jí)8.少了代詞。題型比例1個(gè)正確，缺詞1個(gè)，多詞2個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞6個(gè)（一）M

16、ost families in China hoped their sin gle childre n will76have a happy future, so they are very strict in their childre n. 77So do teachers in schools! Many childre n are give n so much 78 homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79The childre n are forbidde n to do anything but to

17、 study. No80won der so many childre n are tired of less ons. Some eve n81attack or kill his pare nts and teachers! I believe many people 82 already read this kind of n ews in n ewspapers or magaz in es.83Should n't we draw less on from the accide nts? Now our84gover nment is mak ing out a pla n

18、to solve the educati on problems. 85（二）Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost76every one likes watch ing TV. TV has become part of our lives. 77 TV has many adva ntages, for example, it i nforms us the78latest n ews which is happe ning in the world; it can ope n our79eyes, en large our

19、 kno wledge and also help us to see more 80about the world . But, it also has some disadva ntages. People81waste too much time in watch ing TV and his no rmal life 82 and work are affected . To the childre n who they spe nd too83much time in watch ing TV, it can do harmful to their sight84and health

20、y. So we should con trol the time of watch ing TV. 85（三）A few mon ths after returni ng the US from Germa ny, I took 76.part in a college course in Fren ch. Since I have lear ned77.to say Germa n well in Germa ny, I thought it might be78.in terested to begi n study ing ano ther Ian guage. At the79.fi

21、rst class, the teacher asked us to do a pronun ciati on80.exercise in it he would say a word or two in Fren ch, and 81.each stude nt would do their best to copy. When he got to 82.me, he kept havi ng me to say more words, and I83.fin ally asked him why. "I find it great fun，” she expla ined 84.

22、it. "I n 25 years of teach ing at school, it's the first time 85.rve heard an America n speak French with a Germa n acce nt."（四）77. 78. 79. 80. 81.82.The Huaihe River has bee n serious polluted. Day and ni ght millio ns of tons of waste water is being poured dow n to it from hun dreds

23、of factories. The waste water is harmful. At prese nt there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe River is such dirty and pois onous that people don't dare swim in it. Somethi ng must be done to stopp ing the

24、 polluti on. The gover nment and the people n ear the river must try to clear water 83.as soon as possible. Now special atte nti on has paid to the 84.polluti on by the gover nment and more scie ntists. The polluti on 85.will be preve nted in the n ear future.（五）Dear Abby,How are you? Todayve got a

25、won derful n ews to tell you. 76.I have offered a scholarship at a uni versity in Australia for my 77.further educatio n. One hun dred and twenty stude nts took exam 78.for it, but only a few was chose n and I was one of them. However, 79.my pare nts are not happy about it. They are stro ng aga inst me 80.going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81.for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel l on ely. They 82.can't imagi ne a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83.in the capital