深圳中考英語總復習主要句式

1、學習必備歡送下載主要句式一知識概要初中所學的句里一般變分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句利感慨句.陳述句中有肯定句與否認句之分°其4M以 分為以下五種：主語+不及物動,如：I arrived at six last night. 主語+及物動詞+賓語,如：I bought a goodEnglish Chinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語,如： Please tell me a story before I go to bed.這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.主語+及物

2、動詞+賓語+賓語補足語,如：Ifound it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語 + 系動詞 + 表語, 如： Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be句型,表示存在某種事物, 如：There is a mapon the wall具be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致.要注意的是這種句型參加助動詞后,也要保持be動詞,不要換用 have,如：There is going to b

3、e a meeting tomorrow.在句干結構中正注意主者一致內問題,即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相照應.要注意的有如下幾點： 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數(shù),但如一 人身兼兩職時那么要用單數(shù)謂語動詞形式,如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer既歌唱又可舞的演員.而 a singer and a dancer那么要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家.有些以 s結尾的名詞謂語動詞 要用單數(shù),如：The news is good news為不可數(shù)名詞. 有量詞時應按量詞的數(shù)量計算；如：This pair

4、of glassesis good My glasses are broken.有些形單卻意為復數(shù)的名詞,如： People are coming here這樣的詞還有Police, 如果要講一個警察時,應講 a policeman o 兩個警察為two policemen o 又如 a policewoman, twopolicewomen 所有不定代詞 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing , anyone, anything, someone, something 要作為單數(shù)如：Someone is waiting

5、for you 在并步Mkl中表小力合關系的逐訊：andnot only but also, neither nor, either or 如：My sister and my parents are going to the cinema. 表 示轉折關系的并列連詞有：but 和 yet,如：She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam.又如：I thinkthe news is strange, yet it is true表示選擇關系的連詞有：or, either or,如： Hurry up, or you

6、will be late forschool表示因果關系的并歹U連詞有：for, so 如： They studied very hard , so they all passed the exam在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句名詞性從句兩種,而定語從句形容詞性從句要在高中講述,為了使同學閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹.我們首先來看賓語從句. 在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語,如：I knew the man,而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語,如：I knew that he was a goodman這時賓語從句的連接詞有that, that只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用

7、,不在句中充當語法成分,既不是主語也不是賓語,所以在口語中常常被省略.如： I am sure that she has passed the exam if, whether它們在賓語從 句中只起連接作用,不起語法作用,當作是否講.從句中有 or not結構時,要用whether,如：I ask him if whether he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞 外,還要作主語或賓語成份,如： I don't understand what you

8、said what作said的賓語.又如：I asked him what made him sick what 在賓語從句中作主語 . who ,它也和 what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當 句中的成份, 如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如：I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在迎戰(zhàn)間中還右4個常用的連接副詞, how 它的應用最廣,如：how much,how many, how long, how soon, how old

9、 .如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時間狀語,如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點狀語,如： Where are you from? why 它要 連接的是原因狀語從句,如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在測試小常見到的考是： ：氏 語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)的照應問題.主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài),如：I know he didn't come.我知道

10、他沒來.I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來.Iknow he has gone to London我知道他已去倫敦了. 主句中的謂語動詞假設是過去時,賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種.比方：一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時.除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時,不能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài). 如：I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sunJlAii-'A1 J主要 1M.h 1 狀詔以"J,after, before,

11、 when, as, as soon as until till , while,since, by 同中較難不加向,有以幾點：L： until till直到,在用until表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的 動詞是要十分小心去選擇.如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞, 它要用肯定句, 如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,那么要用否認句,如：He didn't go to bed until his mother came back it since,學習必備歡送下載for, by, before來引導的時間狀語從句

12、.since引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如：I have studied Englishsince 1 3 9 0 而由by引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結束時間,如：I had learned 25 English songs by the endof last term 而 before 那么多用于完成時, ago 那么多用于一般過去時, 如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterdayI left my hometown two years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來.它們可能是主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在

13、時,如： If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句 是一般過去時, 從句用一般過去進行時, 如：He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 測試中 常見的考點有：要學生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài),如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關系,如：I want to knowif it rains he wil

14、l come here tomorrow在原園狀語從甸中主要是,because,應譯為"由于".它表達的因果關系最強,如：He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard since 應譯為"既然",如：Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 應譯為 "由于",如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimmingsince與as所表達的因

15、果關系遠比because弱得多.而for表達的因果關系最弱. 它不能用于句首,如：Hestudies hard, for he wants to go to college 在比擬狀語從句 中有同級比擬 as as,如：This book is as good as that one要注意的有兩點： asas中間要用原級而不是比擬級. 用形容詞還是副詞,如：Mary writesas carefully as Tom而其否認句為not as so as, 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比擬用比擬級加than,如：He is you

16、nger than I am 要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時有兩個句型： 比擬級+ and + 比擬級, 如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the + 比擬級+ the + 比擬級,如： The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式狀沿中要注 意的是as 連詞與like 介詞的區(qū)別.as作為連詞其后接從句,如： Please do it as I did it

17、但后面的句子常 作省略,如： Please do it as I 而like是介詞,其后要接的是賓語,如： Please do it like me 結果和El M 狀語從句主要有sothat, so that, in order that等幾種用法. sothat .用在單-數(shù)W:數(shù)片同前,so +形容詞 + a + 名詞 + that,如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容詞 + 名詞 + that,如：She is such a beautiful girl that everyone l

18、ikes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前只 能用 such, 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game. 在 much, many, few, little 之前只能用 so, 如： I have so little money that I can't buy it so that 之間只有形容詞時,那么不能用 such, 如：It is so good that I want to buy

19、so that 其后接從句,如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus二正誤辨析誤 The stories in that book was written many years ago正 The stories in that book were written many years ago.析作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語, 但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數(shù),要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份,如： book作了 of的介詞賓語那么不可能再作

20、主語了.誤 To read many books are good for you正 To read many books is good for you析不定式作主語應該看作單數(shù)主語.誤 What he said are right正 What he said is right析從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待.正 The rich is not always happy誤 The rich are not always happy析形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語動詞應用復數(shù),如： The young are very interested in study and sports誤 The s

21、chool master and writer are coming正 The school master and writer is coming析 本句應譯為：校長兼作家就要來了.而 The school master and the writer are coming那么要譯為：校長和一個作家要來了.在英語表達法中確實有The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應譯為：一個女孩,一個男孩在操場上玩.由于不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上.又如：the husband and wife 大出：人.學習必備歡送下載誤 You or she go t

22、o get some water for us正 You or she goes to get some water for us析 由or連接的兩個主語應以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數(shù).這樣的用法還有eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also也有人稱作"就近原那么")誤The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom正The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom析真正的主語是the teacher,

23、而with窟語是伴朝狀態(tài).不膨響主語的數(shù).誤My glasses is broken正My glasses are broken誤 This pair of glasses are good正 This pair of glasses is good誤 These kinds of butter is good.正 These kinds of butter are good析 英語中有些名詞只有復數(shù)形式,如： glasses眼鏡,shorts短褲等.如沒有量詞在前時,要用復數(shù)謂語動詞.包白了量曰之用也要按正詞的單H數(shù)計算.誤 One of the boys are going to take

24、 part in the match正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match析One of結構應以one來計算主語的數(shù).誤 Half of the work are done正 Half of the work is done誤 Half of the books is read正 Half of the books are read析在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時,如： 2 3 , 8 0 %, 0. 3 5+ of +名詞,這時主語的數(shù)應按of后面的名詞計算.如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),那么謂語動詞要用單數(shù),如名詞是復數(shù)那么

25、要用復數(shù)謂語動詞.誤 Each sides are full of trees正 Each side is full of trees誤 Both side is full of trees正 Both sides are full of trees析 each, either其后都要加單數(shù)名詞,而 both后要加復數(shù)名詞. 如：each, either, another, little , a little , much等卡士不執(zhí)土語被司八部M用十數(shù)形式°誤 The boys each has an apple正 The boys each have an apple析each同位

26、詔此不昂的干的主河誤 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert正 Every one of us has a ticket for the concert析everyone, someone, everybody在作主語時者B不水平口of結構.誤Girls like dancing very much , but few likes playing football正Girls like dancing very much , but few like playing football析few雖然含意上是"幾乎沒有",但作主語時

27、仍要當作復數(shù)口誤The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred正The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred析the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是 如：the number of students 學生人數(shù),the number of players 運發(fā)動人數(shù).不管數(shù)字如何都應看作單數(shù).而a number of與many意思相同,其后加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式.如：A number of students are playing on th

28、e grass誤 The rest of the students is here正 The rest of the students are here誤 The rest of the work are done學習必備歡送下載正The rest of the work is done析the rest of的用法與2/3, 一半,8 0%+ of的結構一致,of后面為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時用復數(shù)謂語動 詞,為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時用單數(shù)謂語動詞.這樣用法還有l(wèi)ots of, a lot of, plenty of：誤 The news in today's newspaper are

29、not bad正 The news in today's newspaper is not bad析 有些以s結尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞,它們是：news, physics, mathematics, thanks,川誤 The Chinese is kind and friendly正 The Chinese are kind and friendly析Chinese作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞,但作為中國人講是單復同形的名詞.如：one Chinese, two Chinese而 The Chinese = The people of China 要用復數(shù)謂語動詞.誤This dicti

30、onary is too expensive for meTen dollars are a big sum for me正This dictionary is too expensive for meTen dollars is a big sum for me析表小一及肘7.一析金錢.一析也離,押回洋數(shù).匕豆誤 Who are going to take part in our football match?正 Who is going to take part in our football match?析用who提問時,習慣上用單數(shù)謂語動詞,但which那么要視其情況而定, 如：whi

31、ch are better these shoesesor those shoes?又如： which is better this one or that one?誤 What a hot weather it is!誤 How hot the weather it is!正 What hot weather it is!正 How hot the weather is!析感慨句是用來表達說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情.它由 what與how作句子的開始,判定是用what還是用how 的最好方法是將它們換為陳述句,比方： What the hot weather it is!應轉換為：It is t

32、he hot weather 那么句子的起點是單詞it.再來看感慨句中it前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather,那么只能用what.再看第二句 How hotthe weather is!轉為陳述句時為：The weather is hot這時句子為干始單記.為the weather,再來看感慨句在theweather前只有形容詞, 所以應用how.至于是用 what a還是 what要看名詞的具體情況而定,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加what a其余的加用 what；誤We have to sing this,have we?誤We have to sing this,haven't we?正 We h

33、ave to sing this, don't we?析在反意疑問句中除了標準的一些常規(guī)外,有一些例外：Let's go home, shall we? Let us go home , will you? She had to leave, didn't she? Do your homework at once , will you? There is not much good news in today's newspaper , is there? Neither of them are right , are they?I think he will

34、 come to the party won't he?think后的賓語從句,與其他賓語從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞.這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語,其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞,而肯定還是否認要看主句謂語動詞而定,如：I don'tthink he is coming to our party , is he?誤I want to know where does he live正I want to know where he lives析賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序,而不用疑問語序：誤-I haven't got a ticket for

35、 the football match-Nor I have正-I haven't got a ticket for the football match-Nor (Neither) have I學習必備歡送下載析nor, neither用在簡答否認句中時要采用倒裝語序.在肯定句的簡答句中那么要用so,如：I do myhomework very quickly , So does Mary誤Look! Here the bus comes!正Look! Here comes the bus!誤Look! Here comes he!正Look! Here he comes析 在the

36、re, here打頭的句子中,如果主語是名詞,那么要采用倒裝語序；如果是人稱代詞那么用一般語序.誤 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No, I don't hope so正 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No, I hope not析 我不這樣想,可用I don't think so 但hope的否認簡答句只能用I hope not這是習慣用法.但這兩個詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的,如：I think so. I hope so誤 That is difficult

37、 for us to learn English well正 It is difficult for us to learn English well析It這里的語法作用是形式主語,而真正的主語是后面的不定式.形式主語和形式賓語都要用it而不能用 that, 如：I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語三例題解析1 There a pencil box on the desklA .is B. are C. has D. have答案1 A.析 There be句形中的 be動詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,

38、如：There are two books and a pencil on thedesk 但去口可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk 2 Could you tell me ?AMrs King where lives Bwhere does Mrs King liveCwhere Mrs King lives DMrs King lives where答案1 C.析砥語/甸中的疑問甸%.用原句/*3 Your brother came to see you, ?A does he B doesn't he C did he

39、D didn't he答案1 D.析前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問句要用否認句,同時 came為過去時態(tài),所以應用didn't he4 It's getting cloudy , ?A does' it B doesn't it C is it D isn't it答案1 D.析要區(qū)分's是has還是is,這里由getting得出's是is：5 keep me waiting so long IA Not B Won't C Don't D Not to答案1 C.析Don't +動詞原形為祈始句為否認旬.6

40、Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ?A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he答案1 A.析此句has是卸動詞與過去分詞均成現(xiàn)在京成時態(tài).7 You have your lunch at school, ?A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you答案1 D.學習必備 歡送下載析 這里的have是實意動詞"吃二 而不是舊動詞:8 sunny day! Let's go out for a walk |A How a B

41、 How C What a D What答案1 C.析這個感慨句是個省略句,其真實的句子應為 What a sunny day it is!9 - Can you tell me ?- Sure She's a nurseA where is your sister B where your sister isC what is your sister D what your sister is答案1 D.析 who 問的是姓名,如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 問的是職業(yè),如： What is he? He is a t

42、eacher10 John likes listening to the radio , ?A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe答案1 B.析當Xi7華士培時, 反意疑問-L應用陵i工11 Neither you nor I on the team|A are B were C am D is答案1 C.析由neither nor 作連接詞作主語時,其謂語動詞要與和臨近的那個主語和照應.12 delicious food! I'd like some more IA what a B How a C What

43、 D How答案1 C.析因food為不叩數(shù)名詞.13 there a cat under the chair?A Are B Is C Has D Have答案1 B.析這是there be句型的疑問句.14 Could you tell me ?A when the train will arrive B when the train arrivedC when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives答案1 A.析could析視三忙冠問句上達11的委利:門、店.LLT寸息:H女旖從句以“送述號句I.15 - bad weathe

44、r!-Yes, But it's going to be fine soon , I thinkA How B What a C What an DWhat答案1 D.析 weather為小h,數(shù)化,乩16 - Could you tell me ?-Yes, They to the libraryA where are the twins, have beenB where were the twins , have beenC where the twins are , have goneD where the twins were , have gone答案1 C.析have b

45、een to是去過什么地方,而現(xiàn)在回來了.have gone to是到某地去 J 人上見在不在這里.17 Go and the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right away IA turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on答案1 D.學習必備歡送下載析 這是個祈使句,它由 and連接兩個動詞.注意詞組搭配的不同含義.A shall we B答案1 A.析 Let's go ,18 Let's go for some tea , will we C do we D don'

46、t weshall we? Let us go,will you?這是兩個特殊的反意疑問句.19 Joan's short, ?A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she答案1 C.析 在此句中應視s為is,而不是has或was：20 I don't know to read the word IA which B what C whose D how答案1D.how：so引起的是析因不定式to read中的read是及物動詞,已有自己的賓語 the word , 所以應用疑問副詞21

47、He didn't go to school , he was ill IA for B but C and D so答案1A.析這里是表示因果的關系,從句表示原因,所以用 for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個逗號.結果狀語從句,如： He was only twelve , so he couldn't join the army 22 The young woman can hardly ride a bike , she?A doesn't B does C can't D can答案1D.析hardly為否之間.所以也視此七為否佗反意比卜門加;.川IF定旬

48、二23 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays, ? A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he 答案1A.析never也是否認if, L以應酹J干片作否認旬.24 Mother said to him , "Don't on football ."Aspend too much time Bto spend too much timeCspend too many time Dto spend too many time答案1A.析time作為"時間"

49、;講為不可數(shù)名詞,應用 much來修飾.當作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞,如 three times三次, 而Don't這一句是祈使句的否一句.25 Mr White , together with some Japanese friends, visit our school this afternoon IA are going to B is going to C have D has 答案1B.析 句子的主語是 Mr White ,而together with 是胖隨狀況,不影響GJ干的主語口26 There is little water in the glass , ?A is it B is there C isn't it D isn't there答案1 B.析這是there be句型的反意疑問句：27 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem , A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he 答案1 B