狀語(yǔ)從句精講

1、狀語(yǔ)從句精講精練在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可置主句之前，也可置主句之后。前置時(shí)，從句后用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)；后置時(shí)，與主句之間無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、讓步、方式等九類。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when, the moment/minute/

2、instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。1. when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1) when的用法when既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段（即：從句動(dòng)詞可以是短暫的也可是延續(xù)的）；主從句動(dòng)作可同時(shí)也可先后發(fā)生。I was thin when I was a child. 當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,我很瘦。It was raining whe

3、n I arrived. 我到達(dá)時(shí)，天正在下雨。在when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同或?yàn)閕t，且從句有be動(dòng)詞，則從句可省主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，如：When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 當(dāng)你有麻煩時(shí)，可以找這個(gè)人。She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 當(dāng)她做作業(yè)時(shí)，總是聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。when在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中, 譯成“這時(shí)”be about to do . when=be on the point of doing . when正要做某

4、事這時(shí)be doing . when正在做某事這時(shí)had donewhen剛做完某事這時(shí)2）while用法while只能指一段時(shí)間，從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生主句動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于during the time that.My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，媽媽在做飯。I am safe while I am here. 我在這兒的時(shí)候，我很安全。注意 while除引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句外，還引導(dǎo)對(duì)比句，作“然而”講；并可在句首引出讓步狀語(yǔ)從句作“雖然···但”講。I

5、 like watching TV, while he likes reading. 我喜歡看電視，而他喜歡讀書(shū)。While he has his own car, he often uses mine. 盡管他自己有車，他卻常用我的。3) as的用法 as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常可和when換用，但較強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，多指短暫動(dòng)作。As I left the house, I forgot the key. 我離家時(shí)，忘了帶鑰匙。 as還可說(shuō)明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，“隨著.”的意思，表時(shí)間的推移。如：As I get older, I get more optimistic. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我

6、變得更加樂(lè)觀。as表“一邊一邊”，引出伴隨動(dòng)作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。用以強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生。As he was going out, it began to rain. 當(dāng)他出去的時(shí)候，天開(kāi)始下雨了。as有時(shí)引出一個(gè)名詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at math. 當(dāng)他是孩子時(shí)，他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)失去希望。2.表示“一···就···”的句型1) as soo

7、n as/onceAs soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就給你打電話。（as soon as 側(cè)重時(shí)間或動(dòng)作先后銜接緊，而once側(cè)重條件，表示“一旦.”）2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到達(dá)車站，這個(gè)小偷就被逮捕了。On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到達(dá)巴黎，就被認(rèn)出是

8、一個(gè)貴族，并被投入監(jiān)獄。3) no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when它們表“一就”。結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞放在句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。）No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他剛到家，天就開(kāi)始下雨了。Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. 我一進(jìn)屋，電話就響了。注意 當(dāng)no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首時(shí)，主句不倒裝，如：I had no sooner

9、reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我剛到車站，車就開(kāi)走了。I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang.4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看見(jiàn)他，就認(rèn)出了他。We'll leave the minute you are ready. 你一準(zhǔn)備好，我們就出發(fā)。5)有些副詞如：instantly, immediately,

10、 directly可用作連詞，后接從句。I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我剛走，鐘就敲了五點(diǎn)。3. before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不用否定式謂語(yǔ)。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在他們到達(dá)公共汽車站之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。在“It be + 時(shí)間段 + before從句”句型中，肯定句譯成“（之后）才”，否定句譯成“就”。該句型有一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，且有否定句。It will be some time before. do.I

11、t was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long before.did.“很久才···”It wasn't long before.did.“不久就.”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers. 多年以后化學(xué)物質(zhì)才開(kāi)始從容器中逃逸。It was not long before he came back.不久他就回來(lái)了。It was a long ti

12、me before he got to sleep again. 很久他才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story. 一個(gè)星期后他才能講述他的經(jīng)歷。It wasn't long before he told us about himself. 不久他就給我們講述了他自己的故事。before可譯成“未來(lái)得及”He had measured me before I could get a word. 我還未來(lái)得及插話，他就量好了尺寸。before可譯成“趁著還沒(méi)”I'll write it down before I for

13、get. 趁著還沒(méi)忘我要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。4. until和till1)“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞肯定式+until”表示“動(dòng)作延續(xù)到為止，”譯為“直到為止”，如：I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回來(lái)。2)“終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式+ until”表示“直到···才”。He didn't go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完成工作他才睡覺(jué)。3)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“It is not until .that .”It was not until the professor came

14、that, began the experiment. 在教授到來(lái)之后，我們才開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)。4) not until放在句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到他畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物。注意 句首和強(qiáng)調(diào)句中要用until，而不用till；not.until.句型中不用till。5. since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“自從時(shí)起”，主句要用完成時(shí)。Mr. Li has been here since he came back. 自從李先生回來(lái)以后，他一直在這兒。 I haven'

15、;t heard from him since he lived here. 自從他不住在這兒以來(lái)，我就沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的來(lái)信。I've known Mr. Smith since I was a boy. 我小的時(shí)候就認(rèn)識(shí)史密斯先生了。6.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略式當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同或?yàn)閕t，從句又含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句可省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。在不產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)，連詞也可省去。如：Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看見(jiàn)過(guò)，永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被忘記。二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句主要由where, wherever anywhere

16、, everywhere引導(dǎo)。We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營(yíng)。I will follow you wherever you go. 無(wú)論你到何處我都要跟隨你。2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞。Go back where you came from.（where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）Go back to the village where you came from.（where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，village為先行詞）三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句由because, as

17、 , since, now (that)（既然）, in that（因?yàn)?，多于口語(yǔ)中）, seeing (that)（鑒于，由于）,considering that（考慮到）等引導(dǎo)。1. because用來(lái)回答why提出的問(wèn)題，表直接的因果關(guān)系，用于告知對(duì)方不知道的原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill. 他沒(méi)參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)樗×?。It was because he was ill that he didn't go with us. 因?yàn)樗胁?，他沒(méi)有和我們一起去。注意 because和be

18、cause of的區(qū)別：because是連詞，引導(dǎo)從句，because of是短語(yǔ)介詞，后接名詞性詞語(yǔ)，如：The football match was put off because it rained.The football match was put off because of the rain. 因?yàn)橄掠?，足球賽延期了?. since, as, now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。since的語(yǔ)氣比because稍弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，特別用于原因已經(jīng)清楚了的事情，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放在主句之前）如：Since you have known the

19、secret, I needn't say anything about it. 既然你已經(jīng)知道了這個(gè)秘密，我就不必說(shuō)了。as語(yǔ)氣最弱，說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，表顯而易見(jiàn)的原因或倒果為因的說(shuō)法（可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：As he didn't know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word” cough". 他對(duì)英語(yǔ)懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough”這個(gè)詞。As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒

20、果為因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。 now that用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種新情況，然后加以推論。now that放句首時(shí)that可省略：Now (that) everybody is here, let's begin.3. for也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。而推斷的理由會(huì)因人而異。語(yǔ)氣很弱，它引出的分句必須放在另一分句后。He must be ill, for he is absent today.4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以用分詞形式表現(xiàn)。As he was blind, he couldn't see anything.Be

21、ing blind, he couldn't see anything.四、條件狀語(yǔ)從句1由if, unless（if.not）, so/as long as, supposing(that)（假設(shè)）, in case（萬(wàn)一, 以防）, so/as far as（就.而言）, on condition that（條件是.）, provided/providing (that)（假若）引導(dǎo)。Tell me about it if you have time.I won't go unless I'm invited.Take an umbrella with you in

22、 case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陳述句”的句型中，祈使句在意義上實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Use your head, and you'll find a way.Hurry up or else (otherwise) youll be late.3. if only也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,只不過(guò)較少使用而已。only if也引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“只有在.條件下”If (only) it clea

23、rs up, I will go.4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。I will go if you go.5.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略問(wèn)題1)從句主語(yǔ)為it,又有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省略從句中主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If so, you must get back and get it.還有諸如if necessary “如果有必要”，if any “如果有”，if in need “若需要”。2）如果if從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又有be,可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和be省略掉。If (water is) heated,

24、water sends out steam.6.條件句中的虛擬與倒裝 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句若與過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，或?qū)ξ磥?lái)進(jìn)行不可能的假設(shè)，就要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（詳見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分）省略if的虛擬條件從句：若條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen him.Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home.Should he be here tomorro

25、w, I would give him a hand.五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句由so that（以便），in order that（為了），for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引導(dǎo)，謂語(yǔ)常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.I'll speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand.He wrote the

26、name down for fear that（lest）he would forget.當(dāng)從句與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可用to do, so as to do, in order to do結(jié)構(gòu)換用。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in order to succeed.六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1.常用的連詞有so that，so . that, such.that, that（帶古英語(yǔ)痕跡）。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中一般無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He had overslept so that he

27、was late for work.My pen fell under my desk that I couldn't see it.2. so/such .that所用句式so + adj（adv) + that從句The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.so + adj +a/an+單名+ that從句such a/an+adj.+單名+that從句She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.=She is such a beautiful

28、girl that all the boys of our class like her.so many/few +復(fù)名+ that從句so much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句There are so many apples on the desk that we each have one.There is so little water that you can't drink.such +a/an + adj + 單名+ that從句She is such a good girl that she can help you.such + adj +復(fù)名/不可數(shù)名+

29、 that從句It was such bad weather that we all stayed home.He has such interesting books that he keeps reading all day.注意 little表“小，可愛(ài)”時(shí)，用such不用so修飾。He is such a little boy that his patents often teach him something.七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句由as, as if (as though)引導(dǎo)。Do as you like.He spoke as if he had been there before.

30、注意 as if, as though從句與事實(shí)相反時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與事實(shí)相符，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞than, as .as., not as/so. asHe ran as far as he could.I'm not as/so tall as he/him.She studies harder than I（study）the more . the more.引導(dǎo), 且經(jīng)常以省略形式出現(xiàn)The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由though, although, as, even if

31、/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever詞，whether.or（不管.都），when, while等引導(dǎo)。1. though, although這兩個(gè)連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語(yǔ)化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨(dú)放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it.Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2. as引導(dǎo)

32、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句部分用倒裝語(yǔ)序，句型為:形容詞/副詞/名詞+ as +主 +謂動(dòng)詞+ as +主 +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Child as he is, he knows a lot.Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.注意 在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although.Bravely though the players f

33、ought, they had no chance of winning.3. even if（盡管；即使）, even though（盡管）這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時(shí)用于虛擬）。表“即使”時(shí)有假設(shè)含義，一般用even if。We'll make trip even if(though）the weather is bad.Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虛擬）4. “whether. or.”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whether you believe it

34、or not, it is true.5. “no matter + wh-”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)“疑問(wèn)句-ever”相當(dāng)于“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞”，此時(shí)：no matter who = whoeverno matter what = whateverno matter which = whicheverno matter where = whereverno matter how = howeverNo matter what happened, he would not mind.It's a nice room no matter whom (whoever

35、) it belongs to.6.“no matter + wh-”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“wh-ever”形式除引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)：whoever = anyone who任何的人whatever = anything that任何的事（物）whenever = anyplace where任何的地方I will give the book to whoever needs it.I like whatever you like.7.when引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)置于主句后雖然···卻···

36、;，盡管···但···He walks when he might take a taxi.本（應(yīng).，可以.）卻.。when從句用虛擬式為：could/should . have doneShe stopped trying when she might succeed next time.8.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)置于主句前，與though同，但though從句可到裝，while從句不可倒裝。9.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。No matter what he is, he will be punished.十、狀語(yǔ)從句的

37、省略現(xiàn)象當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同或?yàn)閕t, 同時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)含be動(dòng)詞，就可省去從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中：Dont speak until (you are) spoken to.While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle.I want to go swimming when (it is) possible.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中：Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If (it is) so, you would be punished.Unless (it is) repaired, the TV

38、 set is of no use.方式狀語(yǔ)從句中：She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.其他狀語(yǔ)從句中：Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary.鞏固練習(xí)一：1._ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless     &#

39、160;   B. Because        C. Although           D. When2. He left in _ a hurry _ he forgot his key.A. such, that B. so, that C. the same, as D. such, as3. He has loved me _ I were his son.A. because B.

40、 as C. if D. as though4. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _.A. as last        B. in case         C. once again        D. in time5. Someone called me up in the middle of the

41、 night, but they hung up _ I could answer.A. as         B. since      C. before        D. until6. We must do it well, _there are a lot of difficulties.A. as if   B. as though&

42、#160;  C. even though   D. even as7. _ has taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter _ he has won medals or not.A. Who; if   B. Anyone; whether    C. Whoever; whether      D. Whoever; how8.

43、-Its a long time _ I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time _ we see each other again.A. before; since    B. since; when   C. since; before    D. when; before9. The head of the company promised to deal with matt

44、ers of this sort_ he returned to his office.A. until    B. while  C. by the time  D. the moment10. He had already walked three or four miles_ he saw a cart by the side of the road. A. while       B. when     &#

45、160;       C. the moment          D. unless11. Much _ the young couple needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldnt ask their parents for help.A. although B. as C. even if D. while12. I have

46、 kept the photo _ I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days when I studied in Britain.A. at which    B. when        C. where      D. at the place13. I would appreciate it _ you can help me with my English this af

47、ternoon.A. because        B. until      C. when         D. if14. _ you may be right, I cant altogether agree.A. As          B. While   

48、       C. If             D. Since15._ was 1998 _ I graduated from the university.A. It; when       B. It; that         C

49、. That; when      D. That; that16. The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when   B. whenever         C. where         D. wherever17. “It

50、 gives me great joy and I feel more pressure than I did _ I won in China,” Ding Junhui said. A. that   B. when        C. which            D. how18. Parents should take seriously their childr

51、ens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A. because B. through C. unless D. if19. John shut everyone out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if20. _ everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any mo

52、re.A. For B. Even C. Since D. However狀語(yǔ)從句：1-10AADBCCCCDB 16-20BCDBACBACC鞏固訓(xùn)練二How long do you suppose it is _he arrived here?A. when B. before C. after D. since答案：D2. _Reyes admits that he enjoys a quick rise to the top, the road to success has not always been smooth.A. While B. Since C. As D. If答案：A

53、3. One of the successful peoples strong points is that they can succeed _others fail.A. if B. when C. how D. where答案：D4. Our English teachers favorite expression is as follows: “Time flies! You will be saying goodbye to all the teachers here_ you know it.”A. after B. when C. before D. until答案：C5. Ma

54、ny people believe we are heading for environmental disaster _we basically change the way we live.A. but B. although C. unless D. until答案：C6. If you work with a strong will, you can overcome any difficulty, _great it is.A. no matter B. what C. however D. whatever答案：C7. -Mum，what should I prepare befo

55、re I leave for the lecture ?-Well, get your notebook ready _you have something significant you need to put down.答案：BA. so that B. in case C. on condition that D. as though8. She did worse in the tests _she expected, but better in the final examination.A. than B. as C. since D. if答案：A9. Can you belie

56、ve that in_ _a rich country there should be _many poor people?A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such答案：B10. Roses need special care _they can live through winter.A. because B. even if C. so that D. as答案：C11. -Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you.-OK, _you make it short.A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time答案：C12. Dont promise anything _you are one hundred percen