(完整word版)句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)及成分1 .及物動詞和不及物動詞實(shí)義動詞后面跟賓語時，這個動詞是及物動詞。實(shí)義動詞后面不跟賓語時，此時這個動詞是不及物動詞。The door opened.He opened the door.The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 指出下列句中斜體動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，及物動詞填vt.,不及物填vi.?？键c(diǎn) 1. Most birds can fly.()考點(diǎn) 2. The children are flying kites in the park.( )考點(diǎn) 3. It happened yesterda

2、y.()考點(diǎn) 4. My watch stopped.()考點(diǎn) 5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.()考點(diǎn) 6. She spoke at the meeting this morning. ()考點(diǎn) 7. Shall I begin at once?()考1點(diǎn) 8. She began working as a teacher after she left school.()()考點(diǎn) 9. When did they leave Beijing?()考點(diǎn) 10. They left last week.()2 .實(shí)義動詞、助動

3、詞與情態(tài)動詞實(shí)義動詞和助動詞是根據(jù)動詞在句子中的含義和作用來劃分的。實(shí)義動詞也叫行為動詞。實(shí)義動詞指的是那些意義完全且能夠獨(dú)立作謂語的動詞。如：He lives quite near. (live住，有明確的意義，單獨(dú)作謂語，為實(shí)義動詞。)I like reading. (like喜歡”，意思明確，單獨(dú)作謂語，為實(shí)義動詞。)I bought a pen yesterday. (bought買”,意義明確，單獨(dú)作謂語，為實(shí)義動詞。)助動詞助動詞的 助”是幫助”之意。因此，助動詞是指那些用來幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛 擬語氣、疑問句、否定句、倒裝句和幫助強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞。這些詞本身無詞匯意義或意義不完 全，不

4、能單獨(dú)作謂語。幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)的：The boy is crying.He has arrived.I have been painting all day.Does he like English?He doesn t havlunch at home.Trees are planted in spring. The house has been pulled down.If he had come yesterday, I wouldn have made such a mistake.So did he love his mother that he bought her many pres

5、ents on her birthday.幫助構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的He did come yesterday.(他昨天確實(shí)來過。did起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，沒有具體意義，是助動詞。)因此可以看出，常見的助動詞為do, be, have,它們?yōu)榛局鷦釉~。一個詞既可以作實(shí)義動詞也可以作助動詞，具體是哪一種，主要看它們在句中的功能。He did his homework at seven o clock.Did he do his homework yesterday?He has had breakfast.指出下列斜體單詞是實(shí)義動詞還是助動詞。i. Does () helike () swimming?ii.

6、 He does ()like () swimming.iii. Where does() helive ( )?iv. He does ()somewashing after work.v. He has () had () supper already.vi. The bridge has() been( ) built () now.vii. I have () been ( )waiting () for you all day.viii. He was () struck () by a stone.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞同助動詞一樣， 不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和實(shí)義動詞一起作謂語。因此，情態(tài)動

7、詞也稱為情態(tài)助動詞。 情態(tài)動詞同基本助動詞的區(qū)別在于，基本助動詞本身無意義， 而情態(tài)動詞有自己的意義。如：He can swim across the river.You must stay at home.I might leave tomorrow.3.謂語和非謂語在英語中，一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個謂語，再出現(xiàn)動詞時，要變成非謂語形式，即：在前面加to構(gòu)成動詞不定式，或在后面加-ing構(gòu)成動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞，或在后面加-ed構(gòu)成過去分詞。也就是說，非謂語是指：動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。先找出句中的謂語，然后改正句中的錯誤，并說明原因?？键c(diǎn) 1. Get up early is

8、good for our health.考點(diǎn) 2. I want go home now.考點(diǎn)、3. My favorite sport is play football.考點(diǎn) 4. There is a bird sings in the tree.The boy sits over there likes singing.考點(diǎn) 5. The house was built last year has been sold out.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.考點(diǎn) 6. My parents wanted him wor

9、k hard.考點(diǎn) 7. I remember saw him that day.8. I saw him walked into the building.4 .主動關(guān)系和被動關(guān)系先看下面兩個題：1. wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. Having tasted2. The food delicious sells well.A. smellsB. smelledC. smellingD. is smelling主動關(guān)系：從邏輯關(guān)系上看，相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)。如

10、： The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那邊哭的那個男 孩)從邏輯上講，the boycry男孩哭，相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)，是主動關(guān)系。被動關(guān)系：從邏輯關(guān)系上看，相當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)。如： The house built last year is the strongest.(去年建的 那座房子)從邏輯上講，the house was built,房子被建，相當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系。5 .邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系在判斷是否是賓語補(bǔ)足語時，一般說，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系He asked me to lend him some money .他讓我借給他一些錢。判斷下列

11、句中國線部分是否是賓語補(bǔ)足語g：（是的填T,不是的填F）寫作專練 1.I want him to come at once.()寫作專練 2.He lent me some money.()寫作專練 3.He made the boy cry again.()寫作專練 4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam.()寫作專練 5.Don t leave the door open at night.()6 .復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)He invited us to come to the party.It s importanirfus to learn Engl

12、ish well.It s very kindyfu to help me.Tom s coming late made our teacher angry7 .沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化先看下列三組句中have、do和be的變化形式I have a bookHe has a book.They have a book.I enjoy watching TV.You enjoy watching TV.We enjoy watching TV.He is sleeping.I am sleeping.They are sleeping.人稱的變化”是指：謂語動詞用什么形式，受前面主語是第幾人稱的影響。

13、主語同為 單數(shù)（表示一個人），be在第一人稱I后用am,在you后用are,在he后用is; do和have 在一、二人稱后用原形，在第三人稱后用為does, has?！皵?shù)”是指“單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)”?！皵?shù)的變化”是指謂語動詞用什么形式，還受前面主語是 單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的影響。如果主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be要用are的形式，do和have用原形。如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，be用is, do和have要用does和has。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：He / I / We can swim.句子成分主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。 可以作主語的詞性或語法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞2.代詞3.數(shù)

14、，4.名詞化的形容詞（如the rich ） 5.不定式6.動名詞7.主語從句等表 示。在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說出由什么充當(dāng)。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health

15、. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isn t at home is not true改正下列句中的錯誤，并說明原因。He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.That why he was late for school was that his mother was

16、ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is not an option.1 .謂語謂語由動詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)

17、動詞或其他助動詞加動詞構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.2 .表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,

18、get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù) 詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表不。畫出下列句中的表語，并說明由什么充當(dāng)。a) Our teacher of English is an American.b) Is it yours?c) The weather has turned cold.d) The speech is exciting.e) Three times seven is twenty one.f) His job is to teach English.g) His hobby (愛好)is play

19、ing football.h) The machine must be under repairs.i) The truth is that he has never been abroad.3 .賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。畫出下列句中的賓語，并說明由什么充當(dāng)。They planted many trees yesterday.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.They helped the old with their h

20、ousework yesterday.I wanted to buy a car.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think (that) he is fit for his office.4 .賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的 意義完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當(dāng)于 賓補(bǔ)的主語。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞(如 make等)+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由 名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，并指出是什么詞

21、充當(dāng)，同時體會賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustn t force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.I want your homework done on

22、time.5 .主補(bǔ)對主語的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子在變成被動語態(tài)，賓語作主語時，原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room .He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6 .定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點(diǎn)與漢語習(xí)慣不同，也是許 多同學(xué)不能讀懂長句的主要原因。a）副詞用作定語一般要后置。People there

23、 are very friendly.（那兒的人們 ）He didnt like the man downstairs.（樓下的那個人）b）形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。The next, man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個人）c） 介詞短語作定語時要后置。The boy under the .tree. is Tom.（樹下的那個男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的

24、那個男孩）d） 現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式作定語常后置。I have something to .say.（直譯： 我有要說的話 ）The boy crying .over . there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個男孩）The house built last year .is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標(biāo)出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性 或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。 The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. The woman with a baby in her arms is

25、 his mother. We need a place twice larger than this one. She carried a basket full of eggs. It s a book worth no morehtan one dollar. It s a city far from the coast. He has money enough to buy a car. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in ou

26、r city. Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.? A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.? He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.? There are many clothes to be washed.? Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.? Then the great day came wh

27、en he was to march past the palace in the team.7.狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.（認(rèn)真地寫，慢慢地走，修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語 ）This material is environmentally friendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）He runs very slowly.（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately , he lost all of his money.（修飾整個句子用

28、副詞，作狀語）幾個并列狀語的先后順序：方式一地點(diǎn)一時間一個句中有幾個并列狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式一地點(diǎn)一時間。如:He worked hardat_his lessons last year.I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.He was walking slowly, outside the park _at that moment. _頻度副詞 often, always, usually, sometimes, neve/在句中的位置位于情態(tài)動詞、系動詞、助動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前。You can n

29、ever tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He often came late.狀語按意義分類在句子成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語都比較好辨認(rèn)，如果這幾個成 分都不是，那很可能就是狀語了。因此，狀語的種類很多，可以表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、 目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。指出下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。I. How about meeting again at _six?II. Mr. Smith lives on _the thirdJloorIII. Last night sh

30、e didn of the_rain.t go to the dancbecbepartyeIV. She put the eggs into the basket with_great care.V. She came in with_a dictionary in hechond. 一VI. In order to catch _up _with_the othersmust work harder.VII. To_make his dream come.true, Tom becomes veryinterested in business.VIII. The boy needs a p

31、en very much.IX. The boy really needs a pen.10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.11. She works very hard though she _is old.12. I am taller than he is.13. I shall go there if it doesn t rain14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.15. Having to finish his homework, the boy

32、 needs a pen.8.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定 語。如：We students should study hard. / （students 是 we 的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生）It s gooduo students.選擇正確答案，并口頭說出句中那個是同位語。The young man,works in the office.A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. meOur English teacher, often helps us with study.A. Mrs.

33、Wang B. Mrs. WangsC. Mrs. Wang s. D. of him, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.A .Them B .They C .He D .Theirs簡單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)用符號表示為：S V （主+謂）SVO（主+謂+賓）SVoO （主+謂+間賓+直賓）SVOC （主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）SVP（主+系+表）基本句型一：S V （主+謂）這類句子的謂語動詞都是不及物動詞，都不帶賓語，但可以帶狀語。如 ：tL is raining. now. （ S V）We.ve .workedor_5_hour

34、s. （ S V）The meeting lasted half an hour. ( S V)Time flies. ( S V )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. Dark clouds hung overhead.()2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face.()3. He is smiling all over his face.()4. I did well in English.()5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.()基本句型二： SVP(主+

35、系+表)系動詞主要是be,但還有一些動詞有些時候也可作系動詞，有人稱之為半系動詞。如何辨別系動詞She looks beautiful. (100ks變?yōu)閕s之后，她是美麗的，句意沒有大的變化，100ks是系動詞。) Look at the picture.(look 不能換為 be, 100k為實(shí)義動詞。) He felt the book with his right hand The silk feels soft.辨別下列斜體動詞是系動詞還是實(shí)義動詞。 The door stays open at night. He tasted the food, and the food tast

36、ed delicious. The book still lies open on the desk. What he said proved true. He can ptroved his theory(理論).常見的系動詞狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be一詞。如：He is a teacher.他是一名教師。持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如:He kept silent at the meeting. 他開會時保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎

37、。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。The house stood empty for years.房子空了數(shù)年。He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上,醒著。表“像”系動詞用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look。如：Something seems wrong. 好像出差錯了。He appears young.他看起來很年輕。感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有l(wèi)ook “看起來，feel 摸起來，smell 聞起來”,sound 聽起來，taste “嘗起來”。This kind of cloth

38、 feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣。變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run。He became mad after that.自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time.她沒多長時間就富了。He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer.蛋夏天容易變壞。His face went red.他的臉

39、變紅了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Still waters run deep.靜水流深。終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out,表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意。如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success.他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯的。用下畫線畫出下列句中的系動詞。1. His advice proved right.

40、2. The shop stays open till 8 o clock.3. The machine went wrong.4. All these efforts seem in vain.5. These words sound reasonable.6. The room soon became crowded.7. The days are getting longer and longer.8. He fell ill yesterday.9. Trees turn green in spring.10. What you said sounds great.在一個英語單句中，一

41、般情況要有謂語動詞要注意：介詞短語和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和系動詞一起作謂語。改錯： Our school very beautiful and we like it very much. Your book on the desk.基本句型三：S V O （主+謂+賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由 主語+及物動詞（詞組）+賓語”構(gòu)成。如：She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm _yesterday.用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語。練習(xí) 1. People all over the world speak English.練習(xí) 2. Jim

42、cannot dress himself.練習(xí) 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.練習(xí) 4. He did not know what to say.練習(xí) 5. He just wanted to stay at home.練習(xí) 6. He practices speaking English every day.基本句型四：S V o O （主+謂+間賓 +直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give “給，pass遞，bring 帶，show 顯示”。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直

43、接 兵1口 N.前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞釉~ +間接賓語+直接賓語。如： He gave me a cup of tea. （ S V o O ）強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞釉~+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞 +代詞直接賓語 +介詞+間接賓語。如：Bring it to me, please.（不能說 Bring me it, please.）常跟雙賓語的及物動詞有：（需借助 to 的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass,

44、 pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。（需借助 for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play（演奏）,save, sing, spare等。 一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個就行：get, buy, make。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.=He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She boug

45、ht John a book. = She bought a book for John.分析下列句子成分，口頭說出間接賓語和直接賓語。She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He denies her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late.He showed me how to run the mac

46、hine.基本句型五：SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意 思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. They appointed him manager. ()2. They painted the door green. ()3. He pushed the door open. ()4. They found the house deserted. ()5. What makes him think so? ()6. We saw him

47、 out.()7. He asked me to come back soon. ()8. I saw them getting on the bus. ()9. We all think it a pity that she didn t come here.()10. I ll have my bike repaired.)11. We elected him monitor. ()12. Don t keep the lights burning.()there be 句型此句型是由“there + be +主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)“存在有。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be

48、之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞(也有看作形式主語的)，并無實(shí)際意義。be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化?，F(xiàn)在時 there is / are 過去時 there was / were 將來時 there will be /there is / are going to be.完成時 there has / have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be / there must have been.過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seem / seems / seemed to be 碰巧有 there

49、 happen / happens / happened to be可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arriv鬲詞代替 be 動詞。此時還表示存在有，但表意要更具體一些。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.There came a shout for help .There exists no air on the moon.There lies a book on the desk.There stands a tree on the hill.a certain

50、 doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. They hadD. There hada beautiful palace the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at答案：B, Dthere be與have的區(qū)別there be，某地有某物，某時有某事；have表示“某人擁有某物”改錯：There ha

51、s a book on the desk.There will have a meeting this evening.答案：把 has改為is;把have改為be。提示：沒有there have這種表示 有”的方法。簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall news

52、papers.（畫線部分為并列謂語，只有一個主語，仍為簡單句。）并列句由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（。把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。要注意，逗號是不可以連接句子的，這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同。如：You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。表示連接兩個同等概念，常用 and, not only but also，neither nor,等速enThe teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is

53、 John.He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.表示選擇，常用的連詞有 or, either - or, otherwise。Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting

54、.表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有 so, for, therefore等。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作另一個的成分。（而并列句的兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)間是并列關(guān)系，而不是從屬關(guān)系。）I. It is wrong.（只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。）What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，he為主語，said為謂語，what是賓語。What he said i

55、s wrong.是另外一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，What he said作主語，是主語從句；is wrong系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語。因此，本句是復(fù)合句。）II. The boy over there is my brother.（只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。）The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy over there is my brother.只有個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)， 是簡單句。 當(dāng) over there 變?yōu)?who is wearing a hat時（也是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），整個句子就變成了復(fù)合句， who is wearing a hat 是定語從句。）III. I was doing my homework at six.（只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。 ）I was doing my homework when he