(完整版)電子專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞匯總

1、電路的基本概念及定律電源 source電壓源voltage source電流源current source理想電壓源ideal voltage source理想電流源ideal current source伏安特性volt-ampere characteristic電動(dòng)勢(shì) electromotive force電壓voltage電流current電位 potential電位差potential difference歐姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule電路circuit電路元件circuit element電阻resistance電阻器 resistor電感induc

2、tance電感器inductor電容capacitance電容器 capacitor電路模型circuitmodel參考方向reference direction參考電位reference potential歐姆定律Ohm s lawKVL)KCL)基爾霍夫定律Kirchh off s law基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff s voltage law基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff s current law結(jié)點(diǎn)node支路branch回路loop網(wǎng)孔mesh支路電流法branch current analysis網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh current analysis結(jié)點(diǎn)電位法node v

3、oltage analysis電源變換source transformations疊加原理superposition theorem網(wǎng)絡(luò) network無(wú)源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)passive two-terminal network有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)active two-terminal network戴維寧定理Thevenin s theorem諾頓定理Norton s theorem開(kāi)路(斷路)open circuit短路 short circuit開(kāi)路電壓open-circuit voltage短路電流short-circuit current交流電路直流電路direct current circuit

4、(dc)交流電路alternating current circuit (ac)正弦交流電路sinusoidal a-c circuit平均值average value有效值effective value均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms)瞬時(shí)值instantaneous value電抗reactance感抗inductive reactance容抗capacitive reactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance復(fù)數(shù)阻抗complex impedance相位phase初相位initial phase相位差phase difference相位

5、領(lǐng)先phase lead相位落后phase lag倒相，反相phase inversion頻率frequency角頻率angular frequency赫茲Hertz相量phasor相量圖phasor diagram有功功率active power無(wú)功功率reactive power視在功率apparent power功率因數(shù)power factor功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償power-factor compensation串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel resonance諧振頻率resonance frequency頻率特性frequency characteristic

6、幅頻特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic相頻特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止頻率cutoff frequency品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality factor通頻帶 pass-band帶寬bandwidth (BW)濾波器 filter一階濾波器first-order filter二階濾波器second-order filter低通濾波器low-pass filter高通濾波器high-pass filter帶通濾波器band-pass filter帶阻濾波器band-stop filter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)t

7、ransfer function波特圖 Bode diagram傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)Fourier series三相電路three-phase circuit三相電源three-phasesource對(duì)稱(chēng)三相電源symmetrical three-phase source對(duì)稱(chēng)三相負(fù)載symmetrical three-phase load相電壓phase voltage相電流phase current線(xiàn)電壓line voltage線(xiàn)電流line current三相三線(xiàn)制three-phase three-wire system三相四線(xiàn)制three-phase four-wire system三相功率th

8、ree-phase power星形連接star connection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection)中線(xiàn)neutral line電路的暫態(tài)過(guò)程分析暫態(tài) transient state穩(wěn)態(tài)steady state暫態(tài)過(guò)程，暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transient response換路定理low of switch一階電路first-order circuit三要素法three-factor method時(shí)間常數(shù)time constant積分電路integrating circuit微分電路diff

9、erentiating circuit磁路與變壓器磁場(chǎng) magnetic field磁通flux磁路magnetic circuit磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度f(wàn)lux density磁通勢(shì) magnetomotive force磁阻 reluctance電動(dòng)機(jī) 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)dc motor交流電動(dòng)機(jī)ac motor異步電動(dòng)機(jī)asynchronous motor同步電動(dòng)機(jī)synchronous motor三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)three-phase asynchronous motor單相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)single-phase asynchronous motor旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)rotating magnetic field定子st

10、ator轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率 slip起動(dòng)電流starting current起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩starting torque額定電壓rated voltage額定電流rated current額定功率rated power機(jī)械特性mechanical characteristic繼電器 - 接觸器控制按鈕 button熔斷器 fuse開(kāi)關(guān) switch行程開(kāi)關(guān)travel switch繼電器 relay接觸器contactor常開(kāi)（ 動(dòng)合） 觸點(diǎn)normally open contact常閉（ 動(dòng)斷） 觸點(diǎn)normally closed contact時(shí)間繼電器time relay熱繼電器therm

11、al overload relay中間繼電器intermediate relay可編程控制器（PLC）可編程控制器programmable logic controller語(yǔ)句表 statement list梯形圖ladder diagram半導(dǎo)體器件本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsic semiconductor摻雜半導(dǎo)體dopedsemiconductorP 型半導(dǎo)體P-type semiconductorN 型半導(dǎo)體N-type semiconductor自由電子free electron空穴 hole載流子 carriersPN 結(jié) PN junction擴(kuò)散diffusion漂移drift二

12、極管diode硅二極管silicon diode鍺二極管germanium diode陽(yáng)極anode陰極cathode發(fā)光二極管light-emitting diode （LED）光電二極管photodiode穩(wěn)壓二極管Zener diode晶體管(三極管)transistorPNPS晶體管 PNP transistorNPNH!1 晶體管 NPN transistor發(fā)射極emitter集電極collector基極 base電流放大系數(shù)current amplification coefficient場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管field-effect transistor (FET)P 溝道p-channel

13、N 溝道n-channel結(jié)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管junction FET ( JFET)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)耗盡型 MO渤效應(yīng)管 depletion mode MOSFET(D-MOSFET增強(qiáng)型 MO渤效應(yīng)管 enhancement mode MOSFET ( E-MOSFET源極source柵極grid漏極drain跨導(dǎo)transconductance夾斷電壓pinch-off voltage熱敏電阻thermistor開(kāi)路open短路shorted基本放大器放大器 amplifier正向偏置forward bias反向偏置backward

14、bias靜態(tài)工作點(diǎn)quiescent point (Q-point)等效電路equivalent circuit電壓放大倍數(shù)voltage gain總的電壓放大倍數(shù)overall voltage gain飽和saturation截止cut-off放大區(qū)amplifier region飽和區(qū)saturation region截止區(qū) cut-off region失真distortion飽和失真saturation distortion截止失真cut-off distortion零點(diǎn)漂移zero drift正反饋positive feedback負(fù)反饋negative feedback串聯(lián)負(fù)反饋se

15、ries negative feedback并聯(lián)負(fù)反饋parallel negative feedback共射極放大器common-emitter amplifier射極跟隨器emitter-follower共源極放大器common-source amplifier共漏極放大器common-drain amplifier多級(jí)放大器multistage amplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier直接耦合放大器direct- coupled amplifier輸入電阻input resistance輸出電阻output resi

16、stance負(fù)載電阻load resistance動(dòng)態(tài)電阻dynamic resistance負(fù)載電流load current旁路電容bypass capacitor耦合電容coupled capacitor直流通路direct current path交流通路alternating currentpath直流分量direct current component交流分量alternating currentcomponent變阻器（電位器）rheostat電阻（器）resistor電阻（值）resistance電容（器）capacitor電容（量）capacitance電感（器，線(xiàn)圈）indu

17、ctor電感（量），感應(yīng)系數(shù)inductance正弦電壓sinusoidal voltage集成運(yùn)算放大器及應(yīng)用差動(dòng)放大器differential amplifier運(yùn)算放大器operational amplifier（op-amp）失調(diào)電壓offset voltage失調(diào)電流offset current共模信號(hào)common-modesignal差模信號(hào)different-modesignal共模抑制比common-mode rejection ratio （CMRR）積分電路integrator （circuit）微分電路differentiator（ circuit ）有源濾波器activ

18、e filter低通濾波器low-pass filter高通濾波器high-pass filter帶通濾波器band-pass filter帶阻濾波器band-stop filter波特沃斯濾波器Butterworth filter切比雪夫?yàn)V波器Chebyshev filter貝塞爾濾波器Bessel filter截止頻率cut-off frequency上限截止頻率upper cut-off frequency下限截止頻率lower cut-off frequency中心頻率center frequency帶寬 Bandwidth開(kāi)環(huán)增益open-loop gain閉環(huán)增益closed-lo

19、op gain共模增益common-mode gain輸入阻抗inputimpedance電壓跟隨器voltage-follower電壓源voltage source電流源current source單位增益帶寬unity-gain bandwidth頻率響應(yīng)frequency response頻響特性（曲線(xiàn)）response characteristic波特圖the Bode plot穩(wěn)定性stability補(bǔ)償compensation比較器 comparator遲滯比較器hysteresis comparator階躍輸入電壓step input voltage儀表放大器instrument

20、ation amplifier隔離放大器isolation amplifier對(duì)數(shù)放大器log amplifier反對(duì)數(shù)放大器antilog amplifier反饋通道feedback path反向漏電流reverse leakage current相位phase相移phase shift鎖相環(huán) phase-locked loop（PLL）鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測(cè)器PLL phase detector和頻sum frequency差頻difference frequency波形發(fā)生電路振蕩器 oscillatorRC振蕩器 RC oscillatorLC振蕩器 LC oscillator正弦波振蕩器si

21、nusoidal oscillator三角波發(fā)生器triangular wave generator方波發(fā)生器square wave generator幅度magnitude電平level飽和輸出電平（電壓）saturated output level功率放大器power amplifier交越失真cross-over distortion甲類(lèi)功率放大器class A power amplifier乙類(lèi)推挽功率放大器class B push-pull power amplifierOTL功率放大器 output transformerless power amplifier OCL功率放大器

22、output capacitorless power amplifier 直流穩(wěn)壓電源半波整流full-wave rectifier全波整流half-wave rectifier電感濾波器inductor filter電容濾波器capacitor filter串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源series (voltage) regulator開(kāi)關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源switching (voltage) regulator集成穩(wěn)壓器IC (voltage) regulator晶閘管及可控整流電路晶閘管 thyristor單結(jié)晶體管unijunction transistor( UJT)可控整流controlled rec

23、tifier可控硅 silicon-controlled rectifier 峰點(diǎn)peak point谷點(diǎn)valley point控制角controlling angle導(dǎo)通角turn-on angle門(mén)電路與邏輯代數(shù)二進(jìn)制 binary二進(jìn)制數(shù)binary number十進(jìn)制decimal十六進(jìn)制hexadecimal二 - 十進(jìn)制 binary coded decimal ( BCD) 門(mén)電路gate三態(tài)門(mén)tri-state gate與門(mén)AND gate或門(mén)OR gate非門(mén)NOT gate與非門(mén)NAND gate或非門(mén)NOR gate異或門(mén)exclusive-ORgate反相器inver

24、ter布爾代數(shù)Boolean algebra真值表truth table卡諾圖the Karnaughmap邏輯函數(shù)logic function邏輯表達(dá)式logic expression組合邏輯電路combination logic circuit譯碼器decoder編碼器coder比較器 comparator 半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段顯示器seven-segment display時(shí)序邏輯電路sequential logic circuitR-S 觸發(fā)器 R-S flip-flopD 觸發(fā)器D flip-flopJ-K 觸發(fā)器 J-K flip-flop主從型

25、觸發(fā)器master-slave flip-flop置位set復(fù)位reset直接置位端direct-set terminal直接復(fù)位端direct-reset terminal寄存器 register移位寄存器shift register雙向移位寄存器bidirectional shift register計(jì)數(shù)器counter同步計(jì)數(shù)器synchronous counter異步計(jì)數(shù)器asynchronous counter加法計(jì)數(shù)器adding counter減法計(jì)數(shù)器subtracting counter定時(shí)器timer清除（清0） clear載入 load時(shí)鐘脈沖clock pulse觸發(fā)脈

26、沖trigger pulse上升沿positive edge下降沿negative edge時(shí)序圖timing diagram波形圖waveform單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器monostable flip-flop雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器bistable flip-flop無(wú)穩(wěn)態(tài)振蕩器astable oscillator晶體crystal 555定時(shí)器 555 timer模擬信號(hào)analog signal數(shù)字信號(hào)digital signalAD轉(zhuǎn)換器 analog -digital converter （ADC）DA轉(zhuǎn)換器 digital-analog converter （DAC）半導(dǎo)體存儲(chǔ)器只讀存儲(chǔ)器read-on

27、ly memory （ ROM）隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器random-access memory （ RAM）可編程 ROM programmable ROM（ PROM）專(zhuān)用 IC復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件電子設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列常見(jiàn)英文縮寫(xiě)解釋?zhuān)ò醋帜疙樞蚺帕校篈SIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit. CPLD: Complex Programmable Logic Device. EDA:Electronic Design Automation.FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array.GAL:Generic Arr

28、ay Logic.HDL:Hardware Description Language.IP:Intelligent Property.PAL:Programmable Array Logic.RTL:Register Transfer Level.SOC:System On a Chip.SLIC:System Level IC.通用陣列邏輯硬件描述語(yǔ)言智能模塊可編程陣列邏輯寄存器傳輸級(jí)描述）片上系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)級(jí) ICVHDL: Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language.超高速集成電路硬件描述語(yǔ)言。ASIC （專(zhuān)

29、用集成電路）：Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip. 專(zhuān)用集成電路。一個(gè)在一個(gè)芯片上定制設(shè)計(jì)的硬件。address bus （地址總線(xiàn)）：A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the periphealswithwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to selectaspecific

30、 memorylocation or register bus contains n electrical lines, the locations. 一個(gè)連接處理器與所有外設(shè)的，選擇在特定外設(shè)中的存儲(chǔ)器地址或寄存器。址高達(dá)2M的地址空間。application software （應(yīng)用軟件）Describes software modules specificwithin a particular peripheral. If the addressprocessor can uniquelyaddress up to 2An such用來(lái)通訊的電子線(xiàn)路集。地址總線(xiàn)被處理器用來(lái)如果地址總線(xiàn)有

31、n 條電子線(xiàn)路，處理器能唯一尋to a particular embedded project. Theapplication software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, simply because each embedded system has a different application.用來(lái)描述一個(gè)特定的嵌入式項(xiàng)目中的某一軟件模塊。應(yīng)用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式平臺(tái)，只是因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)嵌入式系統(tǒng)有不同的應(yīng)用軟件。assembler （匯編編譯器）A software development tool th

32、at translates human-readable assembly language programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understandand execute. 一個(gè)能把人可讀的匯編語(yǔ)言程序轉(zhuǎn)換到處理器可理解和運(yùn)行的機(jī)器指令的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具。assembly language （匯編語(yǔ)言）A human-readable form of a processor"s instruction set. Most processor-specific functions must

33、be written in assembly language.一種人可讀的處理器指令集的形式。大多數(shù)處理器相關(guān)的功能必須用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)。ADIMM（ advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules ，高級(jí)雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊）AMR（ Audio Modem Riser ；音效調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機(jī)板附加直立插卡）AHA（ Accelerated Hub Architecture ，加速中心架構(gòu)）ASK IR（ Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red ，長(zhǎng)波形可移動(dòng)輸入紅外線(xiàn)）ATX: AT Extend （擴(kuò)展型AT）BIOS（ Basic Inpu

34、t/Output System ，基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)）CSE（ Configuration Space Enable ，可分配空間）DB: Device Bay ，設(shè)備插架DMI（ Desktop Management Interface ，桌面管理接口）EB（ Expansion Bus ，擴(kuò)展總線(xiàn)）EISA（ Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture ，增強(qiáng)形工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)）EMI（ Electromagnetic Interference ，電磁干擾）ESCD（ Extended System Configuration Data ，可擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù)

35、）FBC（ Frame Buffer Cache ，幀緩沖緩存）FireWire （火線(xiàn)，即IEEE1394 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）FSB: Front Side Bus ，前置總線(xiàn)，即外部總線(xiàn)FWH（ Firmware Hub ，固件中心）GMC（H Graphics & Memory Controller Hub ，圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心）GPIs（ General Purpose Inputs ，普通操作輸入）ICH（ Input/Output Controller Hub ，輸入 / 輸出控制中心）IR （ infrared ray ，紅外線(xiàn)）IrDA（ infrared ray ，紅外線(xiàn)通信接口

36、可進(jìn)行局域網(wǎng)存取和文件共享）ISA: Industry Standard Architecture ，工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)ISA（ instruction set architecture ，工業(yè)設(shè)置架構(gòu)）MDC（ Mobile Daughter Card ，移動(dòng)式子卡）MRH-R（ Memory Repeater Hub ，內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)處理中心）MRH-S（SDRAM Repeater Hub, SDRA朦據(jù)處理中心）MTH（ Memory Transfer Hub ，內(nèi)存轉(zhuǎn)換中心）NGIO（ Next Generation Input/Output ，新一代輸入/輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）P64H（ 64-bit P

37、CI Controller Hub ， 64 位 PCI 控制中心）PCB（ printed circuit board ，印刷電路板）PCBA（ Printed Circuit Board Assembly ，印刷電路板裝配）PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect ，互連外圍設(shè)備PCI SIG （ Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group，互連外圍設(shè)備專(zhuān)業(yè)組）POST（ Power On Self Test, 加電自測(cè)試）RNG（ Random number Generator ，隨

38、機(jī)數(shù)字發(fā)生器）RTC: Real Time Clock （實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘）KBC（ KeyBroad Control ，鍵盤(pán)控制器）SAP（ Sideband Address Port ，邊帶尋址端口）SBA（ Side Band Addressing ，邊帶尋址）SMA: Share Memory Architecture ，共享內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)STD（ Suspend To Disk ，磁盤(pán)喚醒）STR（Suspend To RAM,內(nèi)存喚醒）SVR: Switching Voltage Regulator （交換式電壓調(diào)節(jié)）USB（ Universal Serial Bus ，通用串行總線(xiàn)）USDM（

39、 Unified System Diagnostic Manager ，統(tǒng)一系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)管理器）VID（ Voltage Identification Definition，電壓識(shí)別認(rèn)證）VRM （ Voltage Regulator Module ，電壓調(diào)整模塊）ZIF: Zero Insertion Force, 零插力主板技術(shù)GigabyteACOPS: Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System （CPU過(guò)熱預(yù)防系統(tǒng)）SIV: System Information Viewer （系統(tǒng)信息觀(guān)察）磐英ESDJ （Easy Setting Dual Jum

40、per ,簡(jiǎn)化 CPU雙重跳線(xiàn)法）浩鑫UPT （USB PANEL LINK、TV-OUT 四重接口）芯片組ACPI（ Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ，先進(jìn)設(shè)置和電源管理）AGP（ Accelerated Graphics Port ，圖形加速接口）I/O （ Input/Output ，輸入 / 輸出）MIOC: Memory and I/O Bridge Controller ，內(nèi)存和I/O 橋控制器NBC: North Bridge Chip （北橋芯片）PIIX: PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator （加速器）PSE3

41、6: Page Size Extension 36 bit ， 36 位頁(yè)面尺寸擴(kuò)展模式PXB: PCI Expander Bridge ， PCI 增強(qiáng)橋RCG: RAS/CAS Generator , RAS/CA跋生器SBC: South Bridge Chip （南橋芯片）SMB: System Management Bus （全系統(tǒng)管理總線(xiàn)）SPD（ Serial Presence Detect，內(nèi)存內(nèi)部序號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置）SSB: Super South Bridge ，超級(jí)南橋芯片TDP: Triton Data Path （數(shù)據(jù)路徑）TSC: Triton System Contro

42、ller （系統(tǒng)控制器）QPA: Quad Port Acceleration （四接口加速）BBSP （板卡支持包）See board support package.見(jiàn) board support package 。binary semaphore（ 二元信號(hào)）A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex.一種只有兩種狀態(tài)的信號(hào)。也叫互斥信號(hào)。board support package （板卡支持包）Part of a software package that is processor or platform-

43、dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. Thesample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package. 軟件包的具有平臺(tái)依賴(lài)性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開(kāi)發(fā)者提供。樣例源程序必須能在需要時(shí)被修改、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的部分連接起來(lái)。bond-ou

44、t processor （外合處理器）A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals brought outto external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system.一種特殊版本的處理器，它有一些， 內(nèi)部的信號(hào)能傳達(dá)到外置的針腳上。一個(gè)外合處理器絕大多數(shù)情況下只用在模擬器上，從來(lái)不會(huì)被特意用在產(chǎn)

45、品系統(tǒng)上。Breakpoint （斷點(diǎn)）A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of the processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools. 一個(gè)在程序中的地址，在那里程序的執(zhí)行被停止，并且處理器的控制轉(zhuǎn)換到了除錯(cuò)程序。大多數(shù)除錯(cuò)工具提供增加與刪除一個(gè)斷點(diǎn)的機(jī)制。CISC （復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī)）Co

46、mplex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family.CISC processors generally feature variable-lengthinstructions,multipleaddressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose registers. Intel"s 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Co

47、ntrast with RISC.復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī)。對(duì)一種處理器架構(gòu)的描述。CISC處理器一般產(chǎn)生變長(zhǎng)的指令，多種地址格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC處理器。相對(duì)于RISC而言。CPU （中央處理器）Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions.中央處理器。處理器中執(zhí)行指令的那一部分。Compiler （編譯器）A software development tool that translates high-level language pro

48、grams into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute. 把高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言程序轉(zhuǎn)換到只有特定的處理器能了解和執(zhí)行的機(jī)器指令的一種軟 件開(kāi)發(fā)包。context （上下文）The current state of the processor"s registers and flags.處理器當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)和標(biāo)志。context switch （上下文切換）The process of switching from one task to another

49、 in a multitasking operating system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running ask and restoring thepreviously-saved context of the other. The piece of code that does this is necessarily processor-specific. 在多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)中我一個(gè)任務(wù)切換到另一個(gè)的過(guò)程。上下文切換包括保存正在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)的上下文和恢復(fù)早先保存的另一個(gè)任務(wù)的上下文。做這個(gè)工作的一段代碼必須具

50、有處理器特權(quán)。counting semaphore （計(jì)數(shù)信號(hào)）A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore.一種用來(lái)跟蹤多個(gè)相同類(lèi)型資源的信號(hào)燈。僅僅在所有可用的資源都被用完了時(shí)才阻塞。相對(duì)二元信號(hào)而言。critical

51、 section （臨界段）A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition.一段必須按次序執(zhí)行的代碼，并且不能被中斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況。cross-compiler （交叉編譯器）A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it pro

52、duces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target. 一個(gè)運(yùn)行在不同的平臺(tái)上的編譯器，其中之一能產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)代碼。交叉編譯器在主機(jī)上運(yùn)行并且產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)機(jī)的目標(biāo)代碼。DDMA（直接內(nèi)存訪(fǎng)問(wèn)）Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals （usually memory and an I/O device） with only m

53、inimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA controller. 直接內(nèi)存訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。一種直接在兩個(gè)外設(shè)（通常是內(nèi)存和I/O 設(shè)備）之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)募夹g(shù)，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA專(zhuān)輸由叫DM冊(cè)制器的第三方外設(shè)進(jìn)行管理。DRAM（動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)存儲(chǔ)器）Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAMthat maintains its contents only as long as the data s

54、tored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals.The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)存儲(chǔ)器。一種RAM存儲(chǔ)在其設(shè)備中的數(shù)據(jù)被定期刷新時(shí)才能保存它的內(nèi)容。刷新周期一般由一 個(gè)叫DRAM6制器的外設(shè)完成。Data bus （數(shù)據(jù)總線(xiàn)）A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals with

55、which it communicates. When the processor wants to read （write） the contents of a memorylocation or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives （transmits） the contents on the data bus.連接處理器與所有外設(shè)進(jìn)行通訊的電子線(xiàn)路集。當(dāng)一個(gè)處理器想去寫(xiě)（讀） 某一特定外設(shè)中的存儲(chǔ)器地址或寄存器中的內(nèi)容時(shí)，處理器設(shè)置地址總線(xiàn)并在數(shù)據(jù)總線(xiàn)上接收（傳輸）內(nèi)容。Deadline （死線(xiàn)）The