助動詞用法歸納小學

1、助動詞用法歸納小學-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)JINGBIAN助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)：協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞。自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。主要動詞(Main Verb)：是被協(xié)助的動詞，構(gòu)成時態(tài)和語態(tài)。He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。(doesn't是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義)最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等?；局鷦釉~只有三個：be, do, have他們沒有詞匯意義，只有語法作用，如協(xié)助構(gòu)成進行時，完成

2、時，被動態(tài)，否定句，疑問句等。一、be動詞的用法既可作系動詞，又可作助動詞，做助動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一人稱用am,第二人稱及復數(shù)用are,第三人稱及單數(shù)用is, amjs過去 式為was, are的過去式為were,它與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)和過去 分詞一起構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。a.表示時態(tài)be+doing （現(xiàn)在分詞）表示現(xiàn)在進行的動作He is singing.他正在唱歌。b.表示語態(tài)be+done（過去分詞）表被動語態(tài)He was sent to England.他被派往英國。c. be+to do （動詞不定式）表示計劃安排命令。We are to plant trees next week

3、.下周我們將要去植樹。You are to explain this o對此你要做出解釋。二、do的用法D。主要幫助實意動詞構(gòu)成否定和疑問句，后跟動詞原形，有時放在 實意動詞前起強調(diào)作用，還可代替前文出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復。Do 有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一、二人稱及復數(shù)用do,第三人稱及單數(shù)用 does,過去式為（lido1）構(gòu)成一般疑問句。DO +主語+動詞原形+其他I like singing 變?yōu)橐蓡柧錇?Do you like singing2）do + not構(gòu)成否定句。主語+do+not+動詞原形。I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批評。He does

4、n't like to study.他不想學習。Many students didn't know the importance of English before. 過去好多學生不知道英語的重要性.3)構(gòu)成否定祈使句。Don't go there.不要去那里。Don't be so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說明：構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和doeso4)放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。Do come to my birthday party please. 請一定來參加我的生日宴 會。I did go there.我確實去那兒了

5、。I do miss you.我確實想你。我真想你了 ！5)用作代替動詞。- Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？- Yes, I do.No,I don't.-是的，喜歡。(do 用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.)He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?他知道如何開車，對 吧？三、have的用法Have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)I have studied english for a long time .情態(tài)動詞的基本用法歸納情態(tài)動詞有 can (could), may (might), must, have

6、 to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。情態(tài)動詞無人稱和 數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。一、can, could1）表示能力Mary can speak three languages.Can you skate?此時可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。ril not be able to come this aftenioon.當表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事時應(yīng)用be able to,不能用Ca

7、no 如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2）表示請求和允許。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can't.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替，不是 過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. （No, I'm afraid not.）3）表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否

8、定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This can't be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1）表示請求和允許。might比may語氣更委婉，而不是過去 式。否定回答時可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn't.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you can't / mustn&#

9、39;t.）用May I.征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.在口語 中更常見。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3）表示推測、可能性（不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1 . He may /might be very busy now.2 . Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1）表示必須、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustift （禁止， 不準），而用 needn't, d

10、on't have to （不必）.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.- No, you don't have to / you needn't.2） must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，have to有更多的時態(tài)形式。1 . he play isn't interesting, I really must go now.2 . I had to work when I was your age.3）表示推測、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）1

11、 . Yoifre Tom good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 . Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、shall, should1） shall +動詞原形 表示將來時態(tài)Shall we go shopping tomorrow?2） shall用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允 諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you don't wor

12、k haid.（警告）2. He shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）3. He shall be punished.（威脅）六、will, would1）表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。Would you like a cup of coffee 你想要一杯咖啡嗎？2） will +動詞原形表將來時態(tài)He will come back next month他下個月將會回來。3）表示意志、愿望和決心。1.1 will never do that again.助動詞練習題1. 下列句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹?. It is a lovely dog.3

13、. She is lovely girl.4. We are classmates.4.1 am a doctor.5. There is a bird in the tree.6. They are good friends.7.1 love my parents.9 . We have a pleasant home.10 .They go to church on Sunday.11 .You are a singer.2.用 d。does be 填空1>she know all the answersYes , she. No, she.2>the twins often

14、fightYes ,do. No,don't3>your dad like listening to musicYes ,does . No,doesn't.5>you have a new teacherYes ,工. No, I.6>she a teacherYes, she. No, she.10>your father smoking in the living roomYesz is .No, he.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞專項練習一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1. Can John Smith his homework on time?A. finish B

15、. finishes C. finishing D. finished2.She dare out by herself at night.A. go not B. not to go C. to not go D. not go3. You to the party tonight if you have something important to do.A. don't need come B. needn't to comeC. needn't come D. don't need coming4. We'H be ready to leave

16、at eight.一Well, John must back by then.A. being B. is C. be D. to be5. Your grandmother the newspaper without glasses.A. can still read B. cans still readC. still can reads D. can still reads二、must, need, dare 的用法6. Must I get up early tomorrow, Dad?一No, you. Tomorrow is Sunday.A. can't B. mustn

17、't C. needn't D. couldn't7. Must we finish the book today?一Yes, you.A. can B. may C. need D. must8. You play on the road. It's dangerous.A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must9. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. dare

18、not10.1 a sleeping bag because I've already got one.A. needn't have B. didn't have C. don't need D. need not11.Mr Smith a pen from Jack.A. must to borrow B. had borrowedC. must borrowed D. had to borrow三、can, could, may, might 的用法12The man walk fast because he is lame in the right fo

19、ot.A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't13 .Could I borrow your dictionary?一Yes, of course you.A. will B. would C. must D. can14 .A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. might not B. may not C. couldn't D. can't15 .That must be a mistake.I don't think so. It a mis

20、take.A. may be not B. needn't be C. cannot be16 .He help crying at the news of his father's death.A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. hadiVt D. didn't17 .“Now,all smile, please? he asked.A. may you B. do you C. shall you D. can you1.1 1 haven,t brought my dictionary with me.I use yours?A

21、. Must B. Shall C. May D. Need四、should, would, shall, will 的用法19 .Must I copy the new words in class?一No, you. You do it at home.A. needn't, may B. mustn't, mustC mustn't, may D. needn't, mustn't20 .Would you please not draw pictures on the wall?一Sorry. I it again.A. am not doing

22、 B don't do C didn't do D. won't do1.1 I open the windowIt's so warm here.A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. Must22 .you like some oranges?A. Would B. Can C. May D. Must23 .Tom said that he apologize to Mary.A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to24 .“Do you think we turn back?” Jane aske

23、d.A. shall B. will C. should D. would1 .He any help. He can do it all by himself.A. needs not B. needn'tC. doesn't need D. doesn't need to ask2 .Li Fang isn't in the classroom. He be at the library. Let's go and find him.A. can B. must C. need D. should3 .May I have a look at you

24、r new watch一Yes, you.A. can B. must C. need D. should4 .Must I hand in the exercise book tomorrow一No, you. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. couldn't5 .There an English test next Monday.A. maybe B. was C. may be D. may6 .You'd better ask

25、someone, or you get lost.A. may B. mustn't C. are going to D. can7 .uCome on!” Peter called. uWe stay here any longer.”A. couldn't B. can't C. hadn't to D. mightn't8.Must Tom write it now No, he.A. needift B. can't C. must D. mustn't9.uHave you seen Li recently?”“No, I th

26、ink he must away on vacation.”A. being B. is C. be D. to be1O.UA11 right. You if you don't want to.”A. don't need stay B. needn't stay C. needn't to stay D. don't need staying1 : She to see documentai ies （1 己錄片）.A、do want B、donft want C、doesn*t want D、not want2 : Look at that pi

27、cture on the wall.you like itA、Do B、Can C、Could D、Are3 : He like pears.A、do B、is C、doesn't D、not4 : Do you often go to the cinema Sunday?No, we.A、on, don't B、on, aren't C、in, do D、in, don't5 : 一 Can you see a light on the table?-Yes,.A、I am B、Pm not C、I can D、He isn't6 ： Does the

28、 boy want to be an actor? _.A、Yes, he is B、No, he does C、Yes, he does D、No, he isn't7 :he have any applesA、Do B、Does C、Is D、Are8 : She want to be a policewoman, because she thinks it's kind of dangerous.A、isn't B、aren't Cs don't D、doesn't9 : Why he have brown hairA、do B、does

29、C、is D、has10 : What time he get home every dayA、is B、does C、do D、am11 : What you see in the pictureA、is Bs are C、can D、have12 : Jack like flying kites throwing a frisby.A、don't, or B、doesn't, and C、don't, and D、doesn't, or13 ： A ：Jim a ball?B ： No, he.A、Do, have, don't B、Does, ha

30、s, doesn't C、Is, have, isn't D、Does, have, doesn't14 ： I have a watch.A、am not B、does C、don't D、doesn't15 :you a good time on your vacationA、Did; have B、Did; had C、Were; have D、Were; had16 : Simon likes football, but he doesn't it well.A、play, plays B、to play, plays C、plays,

31、playing D、playing, play17 : She have to wash the dishes now.A、don't B、not C、doesn*t D、can't18 : _Colin Chinese history? Yes, he does.A、Do; like B、Does; likes C、Do; likes D、Does; like19 ： Li Lei lunch at home.A、hasn't B、haven't C、don't have D、doesn't have20 : 一 Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? - JohnA、cleaned B、does C、did D、is21 :you usually come to school by bikeA、Don't B、Doesn't C、Aren't D、Isn't22 : 一 Where lions come from? 一