初三英語(被動語態(tài))(共11頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上課 題被動語態(tài)的考點解析教學目標掌握被動語態(tài)的用法教學內(nèi)容【溫故知新】批注：我們見過很多街頭藝人，在大街上畫出的立體畫非常的逼真，很多人都會認為是真的，而從旁邊繞過去，所以我們被欺騙啦！ We are cheated! 這樣的表達，就是我們今天要講的內(nèi)容被動語態(tài)【知識梳理】知識點1：被動語態(tài)的基本知識1. 語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系，英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。2. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉化：將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被

2、動語態(tài)的主語；將主動語態(tài)的改為“be過去分詞”結構；將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在之后（有時可省略）。例： We visited that factory last summer. 主動語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 狀語That factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語3. 用法：被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：（1）不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）強調(diào)動作的承受者。例：Her bike is stolen . 知識點2：被動語態(tài)

3、在各種時態(tài)下的構成時態(tài)結構例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are +過去分詞We are taught English by her.由她教我們英語。一般過去時was/were+過去分詞A present was given to me by Mary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。一般將來時will/shall/be going to be+過去分詞The desk will be mended by him.這張桌子將由他修理?，F(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are +being + 過去分詞The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墻壁。過去進行時was/were +being +

4、過去分詞The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候正在作報告?，F(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+過去分詞The flowers have been watered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。過去完成時had been+過去分詞She said this lift had never been used.過去將來時would/should/be going to be+過去分詞The film would be shown again sometime next week. 這部電影下周的某個時候又將上映。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去

5、分詞（其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變）例1：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。例2：Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）例3：Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句） 批注：這里可以跟學生一起回顧一下動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞，避免混淆。【例題精講】單選題例1：(2012福建福州) Our classroom_every day. So it is. It's

6、 our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning解析：答案C。our classroom做主語，很明顯是“被打掃”，并且根據(jù)語境是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動is cleaned。例2：（2013陜西）The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 解析：答案D?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)

7、。句意：自從手機發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用一般過去時，手機與動詞invent在邏輯上是被動關系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。例3：（2013江蘇南京）It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. buildsB. is buildingC. will be builtD. was built解析：答案C?？疾閯釉~的被動語態(tài)用法。an Asian Culture Village(亞

8、洲文化村)與動作build構成被動關系，所以應使用被動語態(tài)，故排除A、B項；又據(jù)句中in the coming Asian Youth Games period可知為將來時間，所以選擇答案C。例4：（2013內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特） People who _ to the party are very excited. A. have invited B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited 解析：答案D?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意“已經(jīng)被邀請去參加聚會的人非常激動?！笨梢耘袛囗氂矛F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。B和C選項為主動語態(tài)，但是動

9、詞invite沒有賓語，故排除；而B選項中，has和主語people不能搭配。所以選擇答案D。 例5：（2013湖北黃岡）How often do I need to feed the dog? It _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave 解析：答案C?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 它每天必須被喂食，應用被動語態(tài)，其構成是be+過去分詞，故選C。例6： The new suspension bridge _ by the end of

10、last month.A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析：答案B。根據(jù)“by the end of last month”，所以用過去完成時，又因為這座新橋是被設計的，所以綜合來看，用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。例7：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空1.she _ (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2.A lot of work _(do) for the poor kids in the past few years.3.The

11、book _ (write) by the young girl several years ago.4.All the tickets _(sell) out when we got to the cinema.5.A new building _(build) at our school now.6.I don't believe you've already finished reading the book which _(lend) to you this morning！解析：1. 答案was told。首先根據(jù)“as soon as it arrived”，判斷時

12、態(tài)是一般過去時，而句意是“她被告知這個好消息”，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。  2. 答案has been done。由時間狀語可知需要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，句意是“大量工作已經(jīng)被做”，所以用被動語態(tài)。 3. 答案was written?！皊everal years ago”，可判斷時態(tài)為一般過去時，“書是由一個年輕女孩所寫”，應用被動語態(tài)。 4. 答案had been sold?！霸谒麄兊竭_電影院的時候，票已經(jīng)賣完了”，這里“到達”已經(jīng)是過去時，所以票賣完了是在到達之前發(fā)生的，所以用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。  5. 答案is being built。由now可知需用現(xiàn)在

13、進行時態(tài)，新橋是“被建造”，所以用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。 6. 答案 was lent。由this morning可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，而書“被借出”，用被動語態(tài)。例8：把下列句子改為被動句1. John drew a beautiful horse last week.2. The children will sing an English song.3. People use metal for making machines.4. He asked me to do that for him.5. They sold out the light green dresses. 答案：1.

14、 A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week. 2. A English song will be sung by the children. 3. Metal is used for making machines by people. 4. I was asked to do that for him. 5. The light green dresses were sold out by them.例9：用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。1.It's said that the long bridge_（build）in two mo

15、nths 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 解析：1. 答案will be built。根據(jù)后面的in two months可判斷時態(tài)為一般將來時，再根據(jù)主語是bridge，可知橋是被建造的，所以用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。2.答案is being discussed。這里主語是疑問詞

16、引導的不定式做主語，謂語動詞用三單形式， 再看最后的時間狀語是now，所以用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)“is being discussed”。3. 答案is spoken。句意是“哪種語言在全世界最廣泛的被說”，這是一種常識性的是奇怪，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 4. 答案hasnt been found。首先根據(jù)后面的“so far”，判斷時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，再根據(jù)主語是單數(shù)，可以判斷用“hasnt been found”。5. 答案were cut。時間狀語“l(fā)ast year”，可判斷時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語是很多樹，所以用were cut，這里需要注意cut的原形、過去式和過去分詞拼寫是一樣

17、的。例10：單選題 1. The decision about the price _ in a few days. So they have to wait.（2013年白下區(qū)中考一模）A. is made B. was made C. is being made D. will be made 解析：答案D。根據(jù)后面“in a few days”，判斷是一般將來時。這個決定是“被做”，所以用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。2. If city noises _ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinnerA.

18、 are not keptB. are not keep C. do not keep D. do not kept解析：答案A。這里首先是條件狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，所以if從句里面用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動。3. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed解析：答案C。句意是“第五代電腦正在發(fā)展和完善”，有被動意

19、思，而且有now這個時間狀語，所以用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。4. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told解析：答案A。這里說的是運動會這個消息，我是“被告知”的，所以用被動語態(tài)，所以排除B和D。再根據(jù)句意，被告知這個事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在所造成的影響，所以需要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。5. I need one more stamp before my collectio

20、n _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed解析：答案D。這里也需遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，before引導的從句中需用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。6. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut解析：答案C。句意是“雨林正在以很快的速

21、度被砍伐和焚燒”，所以用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken解析：答案C。這里的意思是“當鉛筆一端被放在一杯水里的時候，看起來就好像被折斷了”，又因為這里涉及as if后面需要用虛擬語氣，所以時態(tài)需比主句往后退一格，因此用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)?！九e一反三】知識點1：不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur

22、, lie, take place等不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。例1：Great changes_place. Many new schools _. A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 解析：答案A。因為take place沒有被動語態(tài)，所以排除C和D，又因后句中很多新學校開了，這里需要被動，而且表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)開了，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。綜合選擇A。例2：A strange thing _ in our school

23、yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 解析：答案C。因為happen沒有被動語態(tài)，所以排除A和B。又有yesterday，可判斷時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以選C。表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等例1：這本書花了我20元。（用cost翻譯）_解析：答案The book cost me 20 yuan。因為主語是書，很可能有的同學會寫成“The book was cost 20 yua

24、n.” 可是cost這里表狀態(tài)，不用于被動態(tài)。例2：That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost解析：答案D。因為cost這個詞不需要用被動語態(tài)，所以這里的主語是單數(shù)，可以用costs（一般現(xiàn)在時）或cost（一般過去時），根據(jù)選項，只能選D。知識點2：主動形式表被動意義。1）某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她

25、的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2)某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例：The conversation is hard to understand.對這話很難理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.魚不容易釣。 The passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂。3)動名詞的主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。如：need, require, worth等，并且可相互轉化，如need doing = need to be done。例：The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。 The children n

26、eed looking after.孩子們需要照看。4) write, sell, wash和read和副詞連用，主動語態(tài)表被動意義。例：The pen writes smoothly. 這筆寫起來很順手。 The article reads well. 這篇文章讀起來很好。例1：- Do you like the material?  - Yes, it _ very soft.  A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt  解析：答案C。這道題首先根據(jù)選項看出考查的是feel的用法，它屬于系動詞，無被動，無進行時，所

27、以排除 A，D，然后根據(jù)前一句話的時態(tài)確定選擇C。 例2：It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA. write B. to write C. to be written D. written解析：答案B。作表語的形容詞difficult后不定式to write主動形式表示被動意義。例3：The composition doesnt_any more. A. need to be correcting B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected D. need be correcting解析：答案B。因為

28、need doing sth = need to be done，這里只有B正確，如果變成need doing sth，可以換成need correcting。例4：- What do you think of the book?  -Oh, excellent. It's worth _ a second time.  A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read 解析：答案C。本題通過后面的回答可以很明顯看出是be worth的考點，首先后面接doing，然后根據(jù)它的主動表被動的特點，排除D

29、。例5：The kind of cloth _ well.A. wash B.is washed C.washes D.is washing解析：答案C。本題的考點是wash后接副詞，表示耐洗，主動形式表被動語態(tài)，因為cloth不可數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用三單形式。知識點3：及物動詞后跟雙賓語的句子，被動語態(tài)有兩種。常見的有：主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)bring sb. sth. 把某物帶給某人sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sboffer sb. sth.

30、 將某物給某人sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sbpass sb. sth. 把某物遞給某人sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付給某人某物（錢）sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送給某人sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sbsell sb. sth.把某物賣給某人sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sbshow sb. sth. 拿某物給某人看sb be shown

31、sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物sb be taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告訴某人某情況sb be told sth/ sth be told to sbbuy sb. sth. 為某人買某物sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.為某人制作某物sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb 例1：同義句轉換My parents gives me a birthday present every

32、 year! （變被動語態(tài)，兩種表達）_解析：答案I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. A birthday present is given to me by my parents every year. 分別把賓語me和a birthday作為主語。例2：He told us a story（變被動語態(tài)，兩種表達）_解析：答案We were told a story（by him）或A story was told to us by him分別以we和a story 做主語，主語謂語動詞的形式以及時態(tài)。知識點4：感官

33、動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役動詞let, make, have等，動詞后省略to不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應加上不定式符合to.例：I always see the boys play in the park. (變成被動語態(tài)) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.例1：He was made _ a lot of work. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 解析：答案B。make的用法是make sb do sth，在被動的情況下，需把省略的不定式to還原。所以被動

34、形式為be made to do sth。例2：He was seen something from the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 解析：答案B。see的用法，see sb do sth和see sb doing sth，被動態(tài)是sb be seen to do sth和sb be seen doing sth，所以根據(jù)選項來看，這里選擇B。知識點5：一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 例：We can't laugh at him. He can&#

35、39;t be laughed at by us.例1：翻譯1. 從來沒有聽說過這件事情。_2. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧的很好。_答案：1. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 2. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.例2：單選題1. I think much attention _your pronunciation.A. must be paid to B. ought to paid to C. must pay to D. should be paid 解析：答案A。首先attentio

36、n作主語，后面需接被動語態(tài)，所以先排除B和C。又因為pay attention to這個動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)時，后面的to不可以丟掉，所以選A。2. Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 解析：答案A。首先our teacher作主語，后面表示“被聽”，需接被動語態(tài)，又因為是單數(shù)，所以先排除C。又因為listen to這個動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)時，后面的to不可以丟掉，所以選A?！菊n堂總結】我的收獲：1、 2、我的疑惑：1、2、【課后作

37、業(yè)】一：選擇題( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D

38、. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visitedD. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. ha

39、ve been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. kn

40、ows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written Keys:1. B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. C 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B二：用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. The old man is ill. He must_ (se

41、nd) to the hospital. 3. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 4. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金屬) and wood. 5. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 6. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 7. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 8. Some flowers _ (water) by L

42、i Ming already. 9. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 10. The whole mountain _ (cover) by the snow.Keys: 1.are told 2. be sent 3. are sold 4.are； made , are made 5. be taken 5. is cleaned 7.be seen 8. have been watered 9. sells 10. is covered三、句子翻譯1. 殘疾人不應被輕視。2. 這些孩子被照顧的很好。3. 安全的重要性必須被關注。4. 這個問題將會被討論

43、。答案：1. The disabled shouldnt be looked down upon. 2. The children are taken good care of. 3. The importance of the safety must be paid attention to. 4. The question will be talked about later. 四、用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空1 English _(speak)all over the world.2 The song _(write) by him 2 yeas ago.3 The pictures_

44、(take) by him tomorrow.4 The film _(show) here twice.5 The computer _(can use ) in the room.6 The article _(translate) into many languages since it was published.7 The room _(paint) now.8 That clock _(call) Big Ben.9 Last week I _(ask) about English culture.10.The food _ (smell) delicious.答案：1.is sp

45、oken 2.was written 3.will be taken 4.has been shown 5.can be used 6.has been translated 7.is being painted 8.is called 9.was asked 10.smells五、單項選擇（ ）1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed         B. should be read C. must read            

46、;     D. ought to read （ ）2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked         B. looked after        C. were looked after         D. looked （ ）3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didn't listen  

47、60;     B. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listened       D. was given, didn't listen （ ）4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen                 B. did, happen C. is, happen           

48、0;     D. was, happened （ ）5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss         B. will discussC. is going to be discussed         D. has been discussed （ ）6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded         B. was bui

49、lt         C. builds         D. has been built（ ）7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up                 B. have been set up         C. were set up   &

50、#160;             D. set up （ ）8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished                 B. have finished         C. had been finished         D. have been finis

51、hed （ ）9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown         B. isgrew         C. wasgrew         D. wasgrown （ ）10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised         B. praises C. have been praised      

52、  D. always is praised （ ）11. The sports meeting _ held until next week.A. didnt beB. wontbeC. isnt D. doesnt （ ）12. The picture_  in October, 1996.A. was taking    B. had been taken     C. was taken    D. had taken （ ）13. We can't use the bridge now,

53、 because it_ . A. has been repaired         B. is repairing     C. is repaired     D. is being repaired （ ）14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown         B. showed         C. have shown &#

54、160;       D. was showing （ ）15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out         B. had been broken outC. was broken out         D. had broken out （ ）16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽). A. is heated         B. hea

55、ting         C. has heated         D. heats （ ）17. We can't enter the room because its door_ .A. locked         B. locks         C. is locked         D. is locking （ ）18. They _day and night.A. ar

56、e made work         B. are made to work C. made to be worked         D. are making to work （ ）19. Chang'an Road is _of people.A. filled         B. fill         C. full         D. fulled （ ）20. Man

57、-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up         B. is sent up C. have been sent up         D. has been sent up （ ）21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing         B. is, sung         C. will, sing         D. wa