2019版高考英語閱讀理解一輪提升選練(6)(含解析)

1、2019 版高考英語閱讀理解一輪提升選練（6）李仕才A（2017 陜西省高三質(zhì)檢）Many people have bought in sura nee ，either life or property （財產(chǎn)） ， commercial or compulsory.Yetsome people know little about it and someeven misunderstand its nature and function.In sura nce is the shari ng of risks.Nearly every one is exposed to a risk of s

2、ome sort.The houseowner ， for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea； the breadwinner knows thathe may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand， not everyhouse is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at

3、 sea. If these pers ons each put a small amount of moneyinto a pool ， there will be eno ugh to meet the n eeds of the few who do suffer losses .In other words ，the losses of the few are met from thecon tributi ons of the many .This is the basis of in sura nce.Those who pay the con tributi on are kno

4、wn asthe in sured and those who man age the pool of_con tributi ons as in surers.The legal basis of all in sura nce is the policy.This is a prin ted form of con tract on a piece of paper inbest qualit y.It states that every year the in sured shall pay an amount of money，which is called thepremium ；

5、in retur n, the in surer willpay anamount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happe ns.The premium for in sura nce n aturallydepe nds upon how likely the risk is to happe n，as suggested by past experience.lf companies fix their premiums too high，there wi

6、ll be more competiti onin their area of in sura nce and they may lose bus in ess. On the other hand ， if they make the premiumtoo low ， they will lose money and may eve n have to drop out of bus in ess.So the ordinary forces ofsupply and dema nd keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the in s

7、urer and the in sured.1. The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means_A. money paid by the insurersB. each premiumC money paid by all those insured2D the cost of administering insurance2 Insurance premiums do not become too high because_ A not many people insure themselvesB premiums depend on

8、 the risk of lossesC insurers have to be more competitiveD insurance companies can never lose money3 According to the passage, insurance business gains profit because_ A more and more people buy insuranceB the firms have sound managementC the premium is increased year by yearD only a few of those in

9、sured suffer losses4 The purpose of the passage is to_ A explain an insurance policyB introduce insurance businessC persuade people to be insuredD warn people of possible losses【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文主要對保險進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。1 C 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“ If these persons each put a small amount of money intoa pool, there will be enou

10、gh to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses. ”可推知， the pool ofcontributions 表示投保人所投的錢。2C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)最后一段的“ If companies fix their premiums too high, there will bemore competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business. ” 可知，保險公司也有競爭，因此保險費(fèi)不能定得太高，否則就沒有競爭力，也就意味著可能 會失去業(yè)務(wù)，故選 C。3D

11、 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“ On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire norevery ship is lost at sea.”“ enough to meet the needs of the few who dosuffer losses ”和“ the losses of the few”可推知，保險公司獲利是因?yàn)橹挥猩俨糠滞侗Ｈ嗽馐芤馔怙L(fēng)險。4 B 解析：寫作意圖題。文章第一段點(diǎn)題，再結(jié)合全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要 介紹的是保險業(yè)務(wù)，故選 B。B（2015 呼和浩特第一次調(diào)研）Many people may

12、 be surprised by the nu mber of chemicals that they are exposed to througheveryday household products.3In a study 25 women had their homes and bodies tested for 89 environmentalpollutants includingpesticides（ 殺蟲劑）and chemicals found in plastics and cleaningproducts. On average 20 chemicals were foun

13、d on their bodies or in their homes.Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everydayhousehold products. But certain chemicals like phthalates （令鄰苯二甲酸鹽 ）found inplastics have been linked to potential health risks, including higher risks of certain cancers, though theevidenee

14、 mainly comes from research on lab animals. Other household chemicals are known to harm theskin, eyes and airways _ and may worse nasthma（哮喘）.Many more chemicals found remain untested.Chemicals likely come from a range of sources, so it is not always clear how toreduce people s exposure, according t

15、o Dr Rebecca Altman, the lead researcher on the new study.In the origi nal study, she no ted, wome nwere give n advice based on the particular chemicals theywere exposed to such as using fragra nee, free wash ing liquid andpersonal - care products.For the curre ntstudy, Altma n and her colleagues in

16、 terviewed two doze n wome nwhod take n part in the previous study to see how they would react to in formati on about their householdchemical exposures. They found that the wome n were gen erally surprised at the range of chemicalsfound in their homes and bodies. They were also surprised that eve n

17、some banned things were found.4With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals unanswered, some expertsworrythat giving people information about their everyday exposures will causeunnecessary fear. However, the researchers found that the women in their study weretypically not ala

18、rmed， and instead wanted “more rather than less” information onthe issue.1 Which of the following statements about chemicals in household products is TRUE?A It is uncertain what effects some chemicals have on health.B Long term exposure to them is certain to cause a deadly illness.C In the study it

19、was found that certain chemicals can cause cancers.DSome of them have bad effects on health, while some have good effects.2 The underlined word “ airways ” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to _A things that look like fine threads growing in the bodyB the passage running from your nose and throat

20、to the lungsC the passage between rows of rooms in a buildingD the area just inside the front door of a building3 Why is it not clear how to reduce exposure to chemicals?A Because all everyday products contain chemicals.B Because much is unknown about the sources.C Because measures have not been tes

21、ted for their effects.D Because chemicals come from a variety of sources.4 According to Dr Rebecca Altman， _5A women were more likely to be harmed by chemicalsB it is unnecessary to inform people about the study resultsC fragrant products may contain harmful chemicalsD further study on everyday prod

22、ucts should be done immediately【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文， 闡述了人們在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的 化學(xué)成分可能給人的健康帶來的諸多影響。1.解析： 選 A。 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everyday household products. ”，該段最后一句“ Many more chemicals found remainuntested. ”及文章最后一段第一句“ With many questions a

23、bout the health effects of householdchemicals unanswered.”可知，目前家居用品所含的化學(xué)成分對人的健康的影響還有很多是不確定的。故答案選A。2 .解析：選 B 詞義猜測題。首先，從構(gòu)詞法的角度來看，airways 由 air（空氣）和 ways（道路） 構(gòu)成。再根據(jù)其前所并列的skin ， eyes 可知， airways 應(yīng)該是身體的某組織或器官，再根據(jù)破折號后的“ and may worsen asthma（ 哮喘） ”可知，airways 指的應(yīng)是人的呼吸道。故答案選 B。3 .解析：選 D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中Chemic

24、als likely come from a rangeof sources ， so it is not always clear how to reduce peoples exposure ”可知，可能的化學(xué)污染源太多、太廣，因此尚不清楚要如何減少化學(xué)物質(zhì)對人們的危害。故答案選D。4 .解析：選 C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段In the originalstudy.givenadvice basedon the particular chemicals they were exposed to such as using fragrance ， freewashing. ”可知， 研究者們

25、會根據(jù)婦女可能接觸到的一些特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如芳香劑、 免費(fèi)洗手液和其他個人護(hù)理產(chǎn)品提出一些建議。 由此可知， 有香味的產(chǎn)品可能會含有有害物質(zhì)。 故 答案選 C。CA recent research shows that the their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 orso, theshort sleepers ” had been more or less average in6men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly slee

26、p time because of pressures from school, work, andother activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in theirdaily routines.In general, these “short sleepers ” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure abouttheir career choices.

27、They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school.And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal ” or “acceptable ” to their family, friends andso on.Whenasked to reca ll their dreams, the “short sleepers ” did poorly. More than this, they seemed toprefer no

28、t remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was todeny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers ” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shownby

29、 many mental patients.The “l(fā)ong sleepers ” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had beenlengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concernedwhen they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed r

30、est. They tended to recall theirdreams much better than did the“short sleepers ”文章大意：本文是一篇研究報告。 報告中對“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人進(jìn)行了對比分析， 研究出了他們睡眠時間不同的原因，及其在夢境回憶、性格特點(diǎn)等方面的差異。1According to the report, _ .Amany “short sleepers ” needed less sleep before they were teenagers Bmany “short sleepers ”were forced to reduc

31、e their nightly s leep time Cmany “l(fā)ong sleepers ” were quite concerned whenthey slept 9 hours Dmany “l(fā)ong sleepers ” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood 答案： D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“ The research shows that these young men had bee n len gthysleeps si nee childhood. ”可知，答案 D 符合文義。2Many “short

32、sleepers ” were likely to hold the view that _ .Asleep could make people appear active and cheerfulBsleep was the least important on their daily routines Cthey were acceptable to all their friends andfamily Dthey were less extreme than many mental patients答案： B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“ These men tended to

33、 view their nightly7periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines. 將睡眠看成日常生活的障礙，故答案 B 符合文義。3 It can be concluded from the third paragraph that _ the husband gave me his business card.可推知，他們8I wrote him and his wife a thank- you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, Ireceived a

34、Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made theirholidays meaningful.Ashort sleepersdealtwithB“ short sleeperswere unwilling to face psychological problemsC“ short sleepersshortened the sleeping time because of pressuresD“ short sleepers ” would rather rem

35、ember than forget their dreams答案： B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“ In similar situation, their usual wayofdealing”可推知，答案 B 符合文義。4 What is the purpose of writing this passage?A To introduce the result of a recent research.B To advise people to sleep for a longer time.C To show the disadvantages of short sleeping

36、.D To explain the advantages of long sleeping.答案： A 寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段的開篇點(diǎn)題和對文章的整體理解可知，本文是一篇研 究報告，寫作的主要目的是：介紹研究的成果，故答案A 符合文義。D（2015 貴陽高三適應(yīng)性監(jiān)測考試）Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stoppedat a gas station about

37、 50miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cashregister（ 收款機(jī) ）, I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke began pouring from the back of my car.I stopped and wond

38、ered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take meto my friend s. We chatted on the way into the city,and when I got out of the car,9Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In the lateafternoo

39、n I returned to my car and found that I d left the lights on all day,andthe battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership a shop selling cars was rightnext door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.“ Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked a nd explained my

40、 trouble. Theyquickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment.When I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from oneof the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say “ thank you ”，and it meant a lot, he said.“ Than

41、k you ”two powerful words. Theyre easy to say and mean so much.1 Why did the writer get into the old couples car?A His parents were in the car.B His car had broken down.C His friend told him to do so.D His car s oil had run out.2 From the text, we know that the old couple were _ A talkativeB braveC

42、kindD lonely3 What did the old couple think of helping the writer?A They could get a reward.10B It made their holiday worthy.C They did it by chance.D It was due toa thank-you letter.4 What would be the best title for the text?A An Experience to MissouriB An Old CoupleC A Meaningful HolidayDA Meanin

43、gful Thank -you【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。 作者通過講述兩個自己在遇到困難時得到他人無 私幫助的故事，說明了在接受幫助時表達(dá)感謝的重要性。1 .解析：選 B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的black smoke began pouring from the back of mycar ”可知，作者的車出故障了，所以他才坐老夫婦的車。故答案選B。2解析：選 G 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知，這對老夫婦讓作者搭他們的車去見朋友， 作者下車后， 老夫婦還給了他一張名片，在作者寄去感謝信后， 這對老夫婦給作者寄了 一個圣誕禮物，由此可知，這對夫婦很善良。 kind 意為“善

44、良的”，符合文意。故答案選C。talkative 意為“健談的”； brave 意為“勇敢的”； lonely 意為“孤獨(dú)的”， 均不符合文意。3 .解析：選 B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Their note that came with it said that helping mehad made their holidaysmeaningful. ”可知，這對老夫婦認(rèn)為，幫助作者讓他們的假期很有意義，這一切都是值得的。故答案選B。4.解析：選 D。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文作者主要講述了兩個自己受到幫助的故事。 每一次受到幫助后， 作者都會通過寫便條來表達(dá)自己對他們的感謝。 “

45、感謝”二字雖然說起來容易，但是意義重大。由此可知，D 項(xiàng)“一個有意義的感謝”概括出了文章的主旨，最11適合做這篇文章的標(biāo)題。故答案選D。EFidel Castro was born at his father s farm on August 13, 192 6. His father,Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growingsugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Or

46、iente Province.Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized（ 洗禮 ）into theRoman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school inSantiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the p

47、rivately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geographyand debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.In 1945, Castro began studying

48、 law at the University of Havana, where he became involved in student activism,and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S.interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of UniversityS

49、tudents on a platform of “ honesty, decency and justice” . Castrobecame critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Grau sgovernment, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page ofseveral newspapers.In 1947, Castro joined the Par

50、ty of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated socialjustice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. ThoughChibas lost the election, Castro remained devoted to working on his behalf. Social situation becoming worse, Castorsoon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surroundinghimself with armed friends.1._ From para