介詞+關(guān)系代詞及定語從句的其他用法

1、一、“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句基本構(gòu)成1. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which (指物)或whom指人)，即：介詞+which/whom。( 1 ) The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.( 2) The city in which she lives is far away.( 3) The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2. 關(guān)系副詞 when，

2、 where， why 可用 “介詞 which ”來代替。關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如：in ， at,on,during等)+which ；Where地點的介詞(如：in ， at,on,under 等)+which ；Why=表原因的介詞(如：for) +which(1) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞 which 來代替關(guān)系副詞 when。I still remember the day when I came here.( on the day =when)(2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示地點，定語

3、從句中缺少地點狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示地點的介詞 which 來代替關(guān)系副詞 where。This is the house where I lived last year.( in the house= where)(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞 why引導(dǎo)，此時也可以用forwhich 來代替關(guān)系副詞 why。There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)3、whose 可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of + 關(guān)系代詞”型。They

4、live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.真題解析：(2012. 鹽城 )By around 900 AD, there were many places in Norther n Europethe Vikings chose to live.A. in whichB. whe nC. which D. a

5、t whichA： step1:確定先行詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是 places , in Northern Europe"作地點狀語修飾places "且根據(jù)文意不是定語從句修飾的對象。step2:將先行詞代入定語從句，the Vikings chose to live in places” 所以定語從句缺少狀語成分解題步驟：step1:分析先行詞（人 or物）step2:將先行詞代入從句中（判斷其作什么成分）介詞的選擇一、看搭配a) .介詞和先行詞的搭配例: He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.The

6、year is the unit oftime in which the earth makes one trip around the sun.b) .從句中固定短語的習(xí)慣性搭配例: Who is the girl with whom you just shook han ds?若介詞放在后面的時候關(guān)系代詞可以用that代替或者省略特例：look in to/after /for ;thi nk of ;speak of ;laugh at短語中的介詞不能移到關(guān)系代詞前例: This is the watch which you'e looking for.This is the q

7、uesti on which i thought of yesterday二、看關(guān)系a).先后，因果關(guān)系The boy ' parents are both out of work,as a result of which he has to get help from a charity.I liste n and speak En glish every day, by means of which my En glish has improved a lot.He might be still sleep ing, in which case we have to go with

8、out him.He spends most of his time studying,the aim of which is to enable him to go to a famous universityn ext year.b).所屬關(guān)系介詞前可以是 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞There are 30 girl stude nts in my class, only one of whom is beautiful.He loves his parents deeply, both

9、 of whom are very kind to himIn the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(08 湖南 31)The grow ing speed of a pla nt is in flue need by a nu mber of factors,are bey ond ourcon trol.A most of them B most of whichC most of what D most of thatKey: B練習(xí)：1. John, money is no proble

10、m, still leads a simple life.D. for whom's party was a great success.D. on whichA. for whose B. of whose C. of whom2. The English play _ my students acted at the New YearA. for which B. at which C. in which3. Why not try another way you may do your experiment better and more quickly?A. on which

11、B. where C. in which D. by which4. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on which C. from whichD. above which5. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,NewYork is an example.

12、A. for which B. in whichC. of whichD. from which6. Examinationcompositions,together with most business lettersand government reports, are themain situations formal language is used.A. in whichB. on which C. of which D. for which二、定語從句的其他用法：1、以 the way 為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which 或 that 引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。如：The

13、 way (that/in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。I don 't like the way (that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。2、先行詞是 time 時，若 time 作“次數(shù) ”是，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 that ，that 可以 省略；若time作一段時間/時代"講，且在從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during+which 。It is the first time (that

14、) Mr.Smith has visited China.There was a time when there were no radios, no telephone or no TV sets.練習(xí)：This is the first time he has been here.A. that B. when C. at which D. whichI don't like you speak to her.A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which答案： AA3. 判斷定語從句謂語動詞的

15、單復(fù)數(shù) 。1 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞 如：He is one of the students who work hard他是學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生之一。(who 指先行詞 the students )2 the (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 + 單數(shù)動詞 如 :He is the (only) one of the students who goes abroad他是學(xué)生中唯一出國的。(who指先行詞the only one of the students)The Great Wall is the (only) one of the build

16、ings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 長城是地球上唯一一個可以從月球上看到的建筑物. (that 指先行詞 the only one of thebuildings)注意：not the only one of= only one of女口 ：Tom is not the only one of the boys whohave passed the exam.= Tom is only one of the boys whohave passed the exam通過考試的男孩 , 湯姆并非唯一 .=湯姆只是通過考試的男孩中的一個.三、總

17、結(jié)關(guān)系代詞只能用 which 或 whom，that 或 which ， that 或 whom重點掌握介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時，并且不能省略；在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時，可用或who作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。2、根據(jù)句意或者固定搭配確定相應(yīng)的介詞。1. This is the gun the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. He 'll never forget the day he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the firsttime.4. The musicians we have great interest to