高中英語非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解.doc

1、形式主動被動語態(tài)一=不定式一般式進行式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞一般式完成式過去分詞高中英語非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解非詞(doing/to dO 作主語謂語動非謂語動詞能用作主語的只有不定式和動名詞，它們在這一用法上略有區(qū)別：1. 表示泛指或經(jīng)常性的事情用動名詞作主語；表示特指，個別的，具體的動作或表示將來的 意思時，只能用不定式作主語。 Swimmi ng is in teresti ng. To swim with mR good friend is interesting.2. 1不定式短語和動名詞短語作主語時常用形式主語it引導。It is not easR to master a foreig n

2、 Ian guage 掌握一門外語不容易。2) 在 it is no good/ use / help/ point/ sense it is a waste -of,time doing.和 there is no 等句式 中，一般用動名詞，不可用不定式代替。、 There is no use crRi ng over spilt milk.覆水難收。 It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.Is there anR good trRi ng to eRplai n?解釋會有用嗎3不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用“it + be +

3、adj. + fofof sb. +不定式的句式，其中不定式是真正的主語。 It is n ecessarR for us to do some more practice我 們必須多做一些練習。 It is reallR kind of Rou to saR so.你這樣說真是太好了。假設(shè)主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。See ing is believ ing. / To see is to believe.不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，Decide / determ in e, lear n, want, eRpect / hope / wis

4、h, refuse, man age, care, prete nd, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help afford, 例如： She prete nded not to see me whe n I passed bR. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn t turned up Ret.二、以下動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記以下小詩： consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, eRcuse, pardon, admit

5、, delaR/ put off, fancR, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, denR, finish, enjoR a/ ppreciate, can t help, mind, allow / permit,escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外 be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, paR attention to, can t stanc無法忍受),give up, feel like

6、, insist on, put off, thank Rou for, apologize for, be busR (in), have difficultR / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time /difficultR (in) 等動詞詞組也 要用動名詞作賓語。 The squirrels was luckR that theR just missec being caught. I can harclR imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five caRs

7、. I woulc appreciate Rour calling back this afternoon.三、以下動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要 特別注意。1. forget to co sth. 忘記去做某事forget coing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remember to co sth. 記住去做某事remember coing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regret to co sth. 懊悔/遺憾去做某事regret coing sth. 懊悔做過某事stop to co sth. 停下來去做另一件事 stop coing sth.

8、停止做一件事情 trR to co sth. 努力 /試圖做某事trR coing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to co sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事mean coing sth. 意味著做某事go on to do sth.做完某事)接著做另一件事 go on doing sth繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth.) can t help to do sth不能幫助做某事can t help doing stlh青不自禁地做某事2動詞 like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞， 如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注

9、意：如果 like, love, prefer 前有 would /should 后面 那么應(yīng)接動詞不定式。如：I like swimming, but I don t like to swim this afternoon.I d like to go swimming this weekend.3在動詞 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作 賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / per

10、mit sb. to do sth.女口： We don t allow smoking hereWe don t allow students to smoke.4動詞 need, require, want 作“需要解時，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式 作賓語， 表示事青需要做。 這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。 be worth 后必須用動名詞的主 動形式表示被動意義。此外， 假設(shè)動詞 need 表“需要 ，require 表“要求 ，want 表“想要這些意 義時，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補足語。即：need / require / want doin

11、g / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n.(表示錢數(shù)或相當于錢數(shù)的名詞)be worth doingbe worthR of being donebe worthR of + n.值得 be worthR to be done如:The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.The win dow n eeds / requires / wants to be clea ned.窗戶需要擦一下。The place is worth visit in g./ The p

12、lace is worthR of a visit./ The place is worthR of being visited.The place is worthR to be visited 那個地方值得一去。女 口： onIR one of these books is worth readi ng. What do Rou think of the book ?Oh, eRcellent. It s worth reading a second time.四、動詞不定式作動詞 tell, show, understand, eRplain, teach, learn, advise,

13、 discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等詞的賓語時，前面常帶 wh -引導詞。即 how, what, whether, where, when, who等+ to do。但whR +不帶to的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否那么用賓語從句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I don t know what to do. ( = I don t know what I ll do.)Can R

14、ou tell me whR do it ?五、 動詞不定式在介詞but, other than后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶 to,否那么就要帶to。另外在can t choose but, can t help but, car后 t but 面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other tha n wait.We had no thi ng to do but / other tha n wait.We have no choice but to wait.I can t chodaui laugh.分詞

15、、不定式作賓補用法要點分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別1 .感官動詞 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞 have 后面的賓補 有三種形式，即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正 在進行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如：I heard her sing an En glish song just now剛剛我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed bR her room Rester

16、da昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽 見她在唱英文歌。I heard the En glish song sung manR time我 屢次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表完成和狀態(tài)。如：I looked dow n at mR n eck and found mR n ecklace gone狀態(tài)I was surprised to find mR hometow n cha nged so much.完成2. leave后接三種形式作賓補時，其中的leave是 使處于某種狀態(tài)leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事賓語和賓補之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進行

17、。leave sth. undone 留下某事未做賓語和賓補之間是動賓關(guān)系， 表示被動和完成， 一般以 undone,unfini shed, un settled, un touched 為多l(xiāng)eave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done留下某事要做不定式表示將來的動作。如：It s wrong of Rou to leave the machine runni你讓機器一直開著是不對的主動，正在進 行The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because theR didn t taste

18、 delicious.客人們沒有動大局部菜，因為它們嘗起來不可口。被動，完成He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。主動，將來We hurriedlR ended our meeting, leaving manR problems to be settled. 我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。被動，將來3. have, get 后接三種形式作賓補時，其中 have, get 表示“使、讓、叫 之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done使/讓某事由別人去做叫/讓

19、某人做某事。如I hllave /get mR bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done還表示 使遭受之意。如Tom had his leg broken while plaRing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was awaR on holidaR. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進行g(shù)et sb. / sth. doing 使某人 /物開始行動起來如： The peasants had the tractor

20、working daR and night at the harvest time. 農(nóng)忙時，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機夜以繼日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。注意：“have sb. doin假設(shè)用于否認句中，其中have有 容忍之意。如：I won t have Rou speaking to Rour parents like that.我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。Don t have the water running all

21、 the time不 要讓水流個不停。 have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 使/讓/叫某人去做某事 如： Mother had me go to the shop and buR some salt.I can t get him to stop smokinHge. won t listen to me.二、以下動詞后跟帶to的不定式作補語：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, eRpect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, per

22、suade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,等。如：eg.The teacher asked us not to make so much no ise.三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補小竅門以下動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：它們是 吾看三室兩廳一感覺 5 看look at, see, watch, notice, observe ； 3 使make, let, have； 2聽listen to, hea； 1感覺fell 。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語5+3+2+1-2+4:即以上動詞除

23、let, make外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，此外find, catch,keep, have也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。如: At that time, I found him crRing in the street.He was caught stealing. I m sorrR to have kept Rou waiting for such a long time.The miss ing boRs were last see n plaR ing n ear the river.不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點一、不定式作狀語目的，結(jié)果，原因狀語He sat dow n to

24、have a rest.表目的TheR went there to visit their teacher.他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。表目的He woke up onIR / just to find everRbodR gone.他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。表結(jié)果在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am verR glad to see Rou.我非?？鞓返匾姷侥?。I am so sorrR to hear Rour mother is ill.聽到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。如：He was too eRcited

25、not to saR a few words.He is old eno ugh to go to school.他至 U上學年齡了。She is too tired to do the job.她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用in order to 為了或so as to 以便+動詞原形。so as to不用于句首。He got up earlR in order to catch the first bus.他早起為了趕上第一班車。The bus stopped so as to pick up passe nger汽車停下來以便接纟內(nèi)乘客。To

26、 tell Rou the truth, I have got no moneR about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it.修飾全句，獨立成分 二、分詞doing/done作狀語1 分詞作狀語的根本原那么分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系，否那么不能使用分詞作狀語。2 分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while或when引出。如：Heari ng the n ews, t

27、heR got eRcited.時間Be careful while / when crossing the street.時間Having been bitten bR a snake, she was frightened at it原因Give n a cha nee, I can surprise the world.條件The cup dropped to the ground, break ing into pieces 纟結(jié)果Having been told manR times, he still repeated the same mistake讓步The teacher c

28、ame into the lab, followed bR some students伴隨狀況3 獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：Gen erallR speak ing般說來 Fran klR speaki ng坦白地說Judgi ng from根據(jù)來判斷Con sideri ng考慮到To tell Rou the truth 說實話不定式、分詞作定語用法要點一、不定式作定語1. 不定式常作后置定語修飾抽象名詞，常見的有：abilitR, cha nee, idea, fact, eRcuse, promise,answer, replR,

29、 attempt, belief, waR, reason, moment, time等。如：Do Rou have the abilitR to read and write En glish ?I have a cha nee to go sight-see ing.2. 用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或 no, all, anR等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the OlRmpic Games.Women and children were

30、the first to get into the lifeboats.二、分詞作定語1. 作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V -ng; being +過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關(guān)系時，用V -ng ；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正在進行時，用being +過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時，用過去分詞。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Tom s.I have n ever see n a more moving movie.2. 作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V

31、-ng和過去分詞。V -ng表示正在進行；過去分詞表 示已經(jīng)完成。如：falli ng leaves正落的葉子falle n leaves落下的葉子boiling water正沸騰的水boiled water沸騰過的水白開水三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語，主要是表達在動作的發(fā)生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示 的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。如：Have Rou read the no vel writte n bR Dicke ns ?He is a man loved and respected bR all.Don t use words

32、, eRpressi ons, or phrases known onIR to people with specific kno wledge.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。如：Liste n ! The song being sung is verR popular with the stude nts.不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。如: The question to be discussed at thtemorrow s meeting is a verR important one.非謂語動詞其它用法四、注意以下表達的意

33、義區(qū)別falli ng leaves正在下落的樹葉falle n leaves已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boiling water沸騰的水boiled water燒開過的水develop ing coun tries 開展中國家developed coun tries 興旺國家I like swim ming, but I don t like to swim this after noon.Her job is giving pia no less ons to childre n, but this SundaR her job is to teach the childre n how to dan

34、 ce.The girl let out a frighte ned crR at the sight of the sn ake. (The girl was frighte ned.)看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。His frighte ning shout scared the boRs aga in.The shout was frighte ning and the boRs felt frighte ned.他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：an eRcit ing voice 令人興奮的聲音an eRcited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表

35、情a puzzled look困惑的表情試題(一)三、模擬單句演練(1) In those daRs we were forced work twelve hours a daR.(2) It verR difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was sillR of Rou believe what he said.(4) He was made wash thdooss car once a daR.(5) I let Rou to know as soon as I hear from her.(6) I waved to her b

36、ut failed attract her atte nti on.(7) I have alreadR see n the film twice. Id on want see it anR more.(8) What I want know is whe n all this happe ned.(9) It was clear that he wan ted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quicklR is difficult for an old man.(13) B

37、e careful in cross the street.(14) The film is verR interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is verR difficult these daRs.(16) Most of us stude nts enjoR ask questi ons in En glish.(17) Look, some of mR classmates are practis ing speak En glish over there.(18) Teach a child to sing and danc

38、e is verR in teresti ng.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) MR frie nd Jim is verR good at making things and repair thi ngs.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and liv ing there.(22) It was verR kind of Rou to buR us some much fruit and seeing us at th

39、e station.(23) ERcuse me, would Rou to tell me the waR to the zoo?單句填空：用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. (walk) is a good form of eRercise for both Roung and old.全國)2. Eugenes never willing to alter anR of his opinions.lt nouse(argue) with him.3. Please rema in(seat); the winner of the prize will be announ ced soo

40、n.4. Can I smoke here?SorrR. Wedon allow(smoke) here.5. It is difficult to imag ine his(accept) the decisi on without anR con sideratio n.6. I can stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses(stop) talkingwhile she works.7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the build ings

41、 in the area n eed(repair).8. Susa n wan ted to be in depe ndent of her pare nts. She tried(live) alone, but shedid n tlike it and moved back home.湖南)9. Robert is in deed a wise man.Oh, Res. How ofte n I have regretted(not take) his advice 安徽)10. If Rou thi nk that treat ing a woma n well means alwa

42、Rs(get) her permissi on for thin gs,think aga in.11. At the beg inning of class, the no ise of desks(ope n and close) could be heard outside the classroom.全國)12. TheR are quiet,aren theR?Res. TheR are accustomed to(not talk) at meals江蘇)17. Accordi ng to a rece nt U.S. surveR, childre n spe nd up to

43、25 hours a week(watch) TV18. I believe that thsbest waR to prevent such a thing from(happen) again全國)19. Did Rou have trouble in(find) the post office?全國)20. SandR could do nothing but(admit) to his teacher that he was wrong上海)21. I smell someth ing(bur n) in the kitche n. Can I call Rou back in a m

44、inu te?全國)22. Don leave the water(run) while Rou brush Rour teeth.天津)23. It was so cold that theR kept the fire(burn) all n ight.全國)24. The man agers discussed the pla n that theR would like to see(carrR) out the n eRt Rear.25. To lear n En glish well, we should find opport un ities to hear En glish(speak) as muchas we can.江蘇)26. He is verR popular among his stude nts as he alwaRs tries to make them(in terest) inhis lectures.江蘇)27. En ergR drinks are not allowed(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zeala nd28. MR advisor en couraged me(take) a summer cour