牛津譯林版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí).doc

1、八下牛津英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/ is/are+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Cars are made by them.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞The MP3 was bought by my father.一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will/shall/be going to be 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞The bridge will be completed in ten days.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/ has been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞The meeting has been put off.二、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+

2、 be +過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to仍要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加 be加過(guò)分”。例如：we can repair this watch in two days.f This watch can be repaired in two days.We must fi nish this work soon. f This work must be done soon.We have to clean the classroom.f The classroom has to be cleaned by us.三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題 .( 1)

3、時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.( 2)如果要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，并且這個(gè)執(zhí)行者可以作主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用by 短語(yǔ)，如果后面的詞表示地點(diǎn)，不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就用 in 短語(yǔ)。It is made by us.It is made in Wuhan.(3)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是代詞的主格形式，變成被動(dòng)句by 的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用其賓格形式。He cleaned the car. f The car was cleaned by him.(4)疑問(wèn)句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用be 動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)形式代替 doDoes she d

4、rive this car?f Is this car driven by her?( 5)謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。His best friend often looks after him. -He is often looked after by his best friend.(6)主動(dòng)句中有一些動(dòng)詞如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach 等， 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)， 一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ) (指物) ，另一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以把間接賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)，但

5、此時(shí)一般在間接賓語(yǔ)前加一個(gè)介詞。My father gave me a book.(1)I was given a book by my father.f (2) A book was given to me by my father.She showed me some photos.(1)I was shown some photos by her.f (2) Some photos were shown to me by her.注意：有些雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如do,pass,sell,send,sing， bring,write 等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常以直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)，其前面根

6、據(jù)情況用介詞 to 或 forShe wrote me a letter. f A letter was written to me by her.有些雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等，通常以間接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)。Heanswered me that question. f I was answered that question by him.( 7)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶to 的不定式，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上 to ，這類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞有make, have, let, notice ， see， watch, look at, he

7、ar, listen to, feel help 等。Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. f He was made to wash the dishes.I saw a boy cross the street . f A boy was seen to cross the street.（8） It is said that+從句及其他類(lèi)似句型一些表示 “據(jù)說(shuō) ”或 “相信 ”的動(dòng)詞如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“臚be+過(guò)去分詞+ that從句”或 主語(yǔ)+ b

8、e+過(guò)去分詞+ to do sth.。背：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道,It is believed that 大家相彳言，It is hoped that 大家希 望，It is well known that 眾所周知，It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that 據(jù)建議。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （= The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） 四

9、、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1、（1）英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break， catch， clean， drive ， lock ， open， sell ， read， write ， wash,cut,wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well.The knife cuts well.這刀好使。The shoes wear long.這鞋耐穿。注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較： The

10、 door wont lock （指門(mén)本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén) , 指 “門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖 ”是人的原因） 2） 表示 發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out （出現(xiàn)）等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 3） 3）系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.2、在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)

11、形式表被動(dòng)意義。（ 1 ） 在 need， want， require 等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定 式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing （to be repaired）. 這房子需要修理。（ 2） 在某些 “形容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice， easy， fit ， hard， difficult ，important ， impossible ， pleasant， interesting 等。This proble

12、m is difficult to work out . （可看作 to work out 省略了 for me ） .（3）在tooto 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.五、下列情況不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 .不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：take place,happen,last,rise,break out,appear 等The accident happened last night. （-V）The accident was happened last nigh

13、t.（ ）x2 .系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這些動(dòng)詞有： feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become 等。8 下 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子1.Is tea grown in South China ？（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）people tea in South China ？1.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present by my parents every year3 .The children will sing an Engl

14、ish song. （ 改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）An English song by the children.4 .You neednt do it now. （ 改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）It by you now.5 .People use metal for making machines.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ） Metal making machines.6 .He made me do that for him.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）I that for him.1. .Some People noticed those workers making machines.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ） Those worker

15、s making machines.8. They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year.（ 改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ） The boy often the football matches by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） a bridge here by them a year ago?10. Harry Jones designed the game.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The game Harry Jones.11. He often mak

16、es us work for ten hours a day.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）We often to for ten hours a day.12. My parents buy me a birthday cake every year.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）（1）I a birthday cake by my parents every year.（2）A birthday cake me by parents every year.13. We noticed him eating snacks in class.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）He eating snacks in class by u

17、s.14. He plants many trees every year.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）Many trees by him every year.15. The teacher made him hand in homework before class.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）He was hand in homework before class （by the teacher）.16. He bought a CD-ROM last year.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）A CD-ROMlast year.17. He organizes activities of the Co

18、mputer Club.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）Activities of the Computer Club by him.18.Does everyone in the world know the Great Wall?（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ） the Great Wall in the world?19.I gave him a present yesterday.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）A present him by me Yesterday.20.The workers built the bridge in 2004.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）The bridge by the

19、workers in 2004.1. Each year quite a lot of food around the world.A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted2. The sick man to hospital by the policeman an hour ago.A. is taken B. was taken C. takesD. took3. Elephants carry wood by people long time ago. A. was trained B. trained to C. tr

20、ain to D. were trained to4. Why are you so excited today?-We were told a picnic this weekend.A. haveB. to haveC. having D. had5. The meeting two weeks ago.A. holdB. was held C. were held D. is held6. The thief by the police last night.A. caught B. is caught C. was caught D. were caught7. Last year B

21、eijing by a big sandstorm.A. is hit B. were hit C. will be hit D. was hit8. 一 Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.-Im sorry, but I when to meet.A. don t tell B. didn t tell C. haven t told D. wasn t toldD. be allowed9 .Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.A. allowB. b

22、e allowC. allowed10. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well.A. sellsB. sell C. is sold D. are sold11. TAt present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.-More chancesto students to learn from each other.A. offerB. are offered C. have offered D. are offering12. - a new

23、library in our school last year?-Yes, it was.A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build13. -What the plane often ? A training centre.A. is; used as B. 9as; used to C. is; used to D. was; using as14. He was seen a bank just nowA. to enter B. to enter intoC. enter D. entering into15. Were

24、 they heard at that time?A. talk and laugh B. to talk and laugh C. talking and laughing D. talked and laughed 16.The new flats in the centre of the town well.A. sellsB. sellC. is soldD. are soldD. Both A and CD. speakinga moment ago.17.The World Cup every four years.A. takes placeB. is taken placeC.

25、 is held18.Old people are often politely by the young in our country.A. spoken toB. speakingC. spokenD. finishedD. hiddenD. was laughed19. Boys and girls, have you finished drawing the pictures?Yes, theyA. have finishedB. were finishedC .are finished20. Mary didn t know where the birthday card and l

26、ooked worried.A. was hidingB. was hiddenC. hid21. Tom by his classmates because he made a careless mistake.A. laughed atB. was laughed at C. laughed22. They day and night.A are made workB are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work23. You may go fishing if your work.A is doneB will be

27、done C has doneD have done24. These kinds of CD-ROMS in that shop over there. They well.A are sold, are soldB are sold, sell C sell, sell D sell, are sold25. Mr Chen has a loud voice. His voice can clearly even in that big classroom.A hearB be heardC be hearing D have heard26. Do you like the flower

28、? Yes, it sweet.A smellsB is smellingC smeltD is smelt27. English in many countries, but the Chinese their own language.A. speaks; spoken B. is spoken; is spoken C. is spoken; speak D. is spoken; speaks28. -How many cakes can I have, Mum? -None, dear. They for your father.A. prepareB prepared C. hav

29、e prepared D. were prepared29. His new book has.A come onB been come on C come outD been come out30. Food and clothes to the children in poor areas by the volunteers .A. hand out B are handed out C are handing out D worked out三、用()里詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1 .Young trees(water) well every day.2 .Thirty bikes(repair)

30、 by Uncle Wang last week.3 .This kind of machine(use) for cutting things.4 . Many strange things(take) place every year.5 .Rice(grow) twp thousand years ago by Chinese people.6.1 nformation(keep) in the computer just now.7.Children under 1.2m in height should(not take)to the concert hall.8.Activitie

31、s(plan)to help the poor every year.9.Our classroom is so dirty and it needs(clean).10 Jack is very funny. I am always made(laugh)11 . The good news is that most of the cases of blindness can(cure).12 .Children should(treat)with kindness.13 .She was made( wait) half an hour.14. Usually those letters(

32、write) in English in the past.15. Do you know that Oxfam(set) up in the UK in 1942?16. A new film(show) at Red Star Cinema yesterday.17. What your computer(use) for? Sending and receiving e-mails.18. You may go out and play as soon as your homework(finish).五、完形填空1Now computers are very 1 among young

33、 people. Last week, we asked thirty young people 2 fourteen and eighteen. We asked how much 3 they usually spent on their computers in a week, but we_4 most interested in 5 they used their computers for.The usual time spent on a computer in a week was about twelve hours, with 6 user about thirty-two

34、 hours, and the lowest user only five hours.All the children said they usually used computers 7. Fourteen children told us they did some wordprocessing (文字處理) 8 . Only two of them said computers 9 their lessons, and eight children told us they kept addresses and phone numbers in their computers or u

35、sed 10 to write diaries. Only three children said they were learning to make computer programs and nobody looked up databases (數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)).None of them used computers for any 11 use.The 12 show that computer use is quite high among young people of 14-18 years old. They also show quite clearly that computer

36、s 13 by most young people as little more than game machines. 14 , though computers are common in the homes of young people, they have not yet become 15 in everyday life.()1. A. commonB.cheapC. easyD. difficult()2. A. amongB. betweenC. fromD.about()3. A. hoursB. moneyC. timeD. /()4. A. isB. wasC. are

37、D. were()5. A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether()6. A. highB. higherC. highestD. the highest()7. A. to readB. readingC.to play gamesD. playing games()8. A. at timesB. as usualC.in the endD. all the time()9. A. found outB. worked atC. helped withD. looked over()10. A. theirsB. themC. itsD. it()11. A. anoth

38、erB. otherC. the otherD. others()12. A. waysB. questionsC. reportsD. results (結(jié)果)()13. A. are seenB. have seenC. will be seenD. see()14. A. More or less B. From now onC. By the way D. It seems to us that()15. A. wonderfulB. popularC. usefulD. expensive六、閱讀理解Life comes in a package. This package incl

39、udes happiness and sadness, failure and success, hope and despair.Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to deal with various situations.Love plays a main role in our life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without l

40、ove a person could become cruel(殘忍的).In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with love and care. They teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we don t always care about it. It is only after marriage arhaving kids that a person understands others feeling

41、s.Happiness can bring people a peaceful mind. No mind is happy without peace. Sadness is the cause of the death of a loved one or the failure. But all of these things will pass away.Failure is the way to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Succes

42、s brings in money, pride and self-respect.Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day.Life teaches us not to regret( 后悔)

43、over yesterday, for it has passed and is out of our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dark. So the only choice is to work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.()1. We usually have to accept-if we want to be successful.A. loveB. failureC. sadnessD. hope()2.

44、 In which section can readers probably read the passage?A. Business. B. TravelC. Lifestyles.D. Education.()3. What does the word “ despair mean in Chinese?A.頹廢B.遺憾C.悲傷D.絕望()4. What s the meaning of the last sentence of the whole passage?A. When choosing between“today and tomorrow , you d better enjo

45、y tomorrow.B. If you work hard today, you ll have a better life in the future.C. What you can only choose is to work hard today rather than tomorrow. D. The only choice you make is that you should enjoy a better tomorrow. ()5. What ths purpose of the passage?A. To encourage people to love each other

46、. B. To tell people how to deal with happiness and sadness. C. To give readers some information about life. D. To remind people to keep having a beautiful dream. 七、短文填空We all know that smoking is bad for people1_s hBut not many people know about the d 2 ofsecond-hand smoke .Second-hand smoke is the

47、smoke that comes from a smoke s breath , or from the end of a cigarette. If peoplebreathe in second -hand smoke from time to time , they may get s3.But how s 4_ is the problem of second-hand smoke ? Second-hand smoke c 5 about100,000deaths every year in China.Second-hand smoke is especially bad for

48、children b 6 their bodies are still growing anddeveloping .According to the study , thousands of children under the age of 5 die each year from diseases caused by second-hand smoke .Most of these deaths h 7 in Africa and South Asia .Health expert are asking government to do more to create smoke-free indoor envi