2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)《Unit4Sharing》語(yǔ)法探究新人教版選修7

1、2019-2020 年高中英語(yǔ)Unit 4 Sharing 語(yǔ)法探究 新人教版選修 7限定性定語(yǔ)從句課前自學(xué)(SBP32 Discoveri ng useful structures)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講一.關(guān)系代詞所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat/as賓語(yǔ)whomwhichthat/as定語(yǔ)whose/of whomwhose/of which關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用that不用which的情況.1.當(dāng)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí).Tell me everyth ing that you kn

2、ow.2.當(dāng)先行詞被very, both, the only, all, every, no any, little, much, some修飾時(shí).This is the only coat that I have.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí).This is the most beautiful city that I visited.4.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí).This is the first less on that we have this term.5.當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)He hasnt sent us the workers and equipment that w

3、e need.6.當(dāng)主句是以who/which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí).Which is the coat that you like best?7.當(dāng)先行詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，無(wú)論先行詞是人還是物.China is no Ion ger the country that she was.二. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句多用于正式文體，能作此用法的關(guān)系代詞主要是which，其次是whom.prep + whom/which該結(jié)構(gòu)中的whom代指前面提到的人，which代指前面提到的事物。例如：I dont know the old womanto whom I gave the umbrella

4、 yesterday.我不認(rèn)識(shí)我昨天送給雨傘的那位老人。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果含有作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的in/o n/at which結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞也可以移到句末；這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that, which在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中經(jīng)常省略。例如：This is the factory which/that I once worked in.This is the hotel (which/that) they are stay ing at.三.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.1.關(guān)系副詞when, why, where在定語(yǔ)從句中分別代替表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語(yǔ).另外關(guān)系

5、副詞也可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu).如下：關(guān)系副詞被代替的先行詞在從句中的作用Whe n/that表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Why/that表示原因的名詞(只用reas on)原因狀語(yǔ)He came at a time when (=at which) we n eeded help.The day will e when (=on which) well win the final victory. We know the place where (=in which) ourteacher lives.Do you know the

6、reas on why (=for which) he was so sorry?2.使用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題.(1)time作先行詞時(shí)，如前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)，不用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，要用that或 省去不用.如果time之前無(wú)序數(shù)詞或last,則用when或that引導(dǎo).The last time (that)I saw him was in xx.當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的the way時(shí)，從句不能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)用that或in which,或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷?We admired the way (that) he solved the problem.I dont like

7、the way (in which) you spoke to her.They didnt do it the way (that) we do now.2019-2020 年高中英語(yǔ)Unit1 Livingwell全員探究 新人教版選修 71.Look at the pictures and read what these people have achieved.看這些圖畫，閱讀他們的成就。achieve(1) vt. succeed in reaching a goal and etc. especially by making an effort(憑努力)達(dá)到(目標(biāo)等)他終于獲得了成

8、功。He had fin ally_.他們未能達(dá)到通貨膨脹率低于3%勺目標(biāo)。They couldnt _(2) vi. to be successful成功他們的家庭背景使他們很難在學(xué)校學(xué)有所成。Their backgro und gives them little cha nee of_ .發(fā)散思維(同)acplish，finish，acquire，obtain(派)achievable adj.能完成的，能達(dá)到的achieveme nt n. U成就；偉績(jī)開(kāi)放思維achieve success/victory/purpose獲得成功/取得勝利/達(dá)到目的1. His ambiti on is

9、 to bee an actor.他的志向是成為一名演員。ambiti on(1)n.C，U雄心；野心；志氣；抱負(fù)；志向一個(gè)充滿雄心的男孩往往會(huì)很用功。他要做首相的雄心可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。(2)n.C目標(biāo)；夙愿他胸懷大志。 _發(fā)散思維（派）ambitious adj.充滿野心的；雄心勃勃的Reading1. In other words, there are not many people in the world like me.換句話說(shuō)，世上像我這樣的人并不多。In other words意為“換句話說(shuō)” ，在句中作插入成分。換言之，她必須放棄唱歌。我不習(xí)慣你對(duì)我談話的方式。換句話講，我不想繼續(xù)我

10、們的談話了。貝多芬寫過(guò)許多世界著名的樂(lè)曲。換句話講，他是一位偉大的音樂(lè)家。發(fā)散思維in word意為“在口頭上” ，置于句末或句中。in words意為“用語(yǔ)言（來(lái)表達(dá)） ，通常置于句末。in a/one word意為“簡(jiǎn)言之，總之” ，通常置于句首，有時(shí)也放在句中。 我不希望你僅僅在口頭上答應(yīng)我要努力學(xué)習(xí)。你不知道那有多美妙，簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言來(lái)描述?？傊覀儽仨毐M最大努力來(lái)做這項(xiàng)工作。Word n.C（1）詞；單詞 你能為我讀一下這個(gè)詞嗎？（2）話，言語(yǔ)；言詞 行動(dòng)比語(yǔ)言更有說(shuō)服力。（3）（talk）談話；（復(fù)）口角 你想跟我談一談嗎？4）（promise） 諾言；保證 你最好信守諾言。5）

11、news, information消息；謠言；傳說(shuō)消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)他被謀殺了。開(kāi)放思維big words大話break on e eat ones word收回前言get in a wordhave a word with與.談一談in a word keepones word遵守諾言leave word留言say a few words（即席）說(shuō)幾句話upon ones word一定s word失信；食言 插話簡(jiǎn)言之word by word字不變的；逐字地2.1 have lear ned to adapt to my disability.我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)我的殘疾。adaptvi.&vt

12、.（同adjust）使.適應(yīng)；使.適合；適應(yīng)（to）你能適應(yīng)這份新工作嗎？你最好盡快適應(yīng)這個(gè)新環(huán)境。（2）vt.（rewrite）改編；改寫 這個(gè)故事被改編成電視劇。難的書(shū)籍有時(shí)被改編，以適應(yīng)學(xué)校之用。發(fā)散思維（派）adapter/adaptor n.改編者；改造者adaptation n.適應(yīng)；改編adaptable adj.能適應(yīng)的； 可改編的3. MY motto is: live one day at a time.我的座右銘是：一次活一天。at a time一次一次遞給我兩個(gè)。_time n.（1）U時(shí)間，時(shí)（2）U時(shí)候；時(shí)刻（3）C,U時(shí)機(jī)；機(jī)會(huì)（4）U（特定的）時(shí)期、時(shí)令（5）U

13、（一段）時(shí)間；期間a time（6）C（常用復(fù)）（特定的）時(shí)期；時(shí)勢(shì)；時(shí)節(jié)；日子；境況（7）C（常用復(fù)）時(shí)代；（歷史）時(shí)期the time當(dāng)代（8） .期in my time在我一生中（9）C次、回several times數(shù)次（10）復(fù)倍（用于3倍以上）（11）U（規(guī)定的）工作時(shí)間；占用時(shí)間；所需時(shí)間（12）Times用于報(bào)刊名時(shí)報(bào)開(kāi)放思維all the time一直，始終of the time當(dāng)代的，當(dāng)時(shí)的at one time以前，曾經(jīng)several times數(shù)次ahead of time提前at that time在那時(shí)in time of在. 時(shí)候after a time過(guò)了一段時(shí)

14、間once upon a time從前have a good time玩得愉快from time to time有時(shí)at one time以前，曾經(jīng)kill time消遣for the time beingin no time很快out of timein time及時(shí)at any timefor the first time第一次on timeat times有時(shí)many a time屢次4. Some days, I was too tired to get out of bed.有些日子，我太累了以至于起不了床。tooto(1) tooto常用來(lái)表示否定的意義, 來(lái)進(jìn)行句式改寫。這個(gè)孩子

15、太小了而不能去上學(xué)。(2) tooto句式中，too后接ready, glad, willing, pleased, delighted詞時(shí)，無(wú)否定意義。他很愛(ài)講話.他很樂(lè)意幫助別人。(3)tooto中，too前用否定詞(never, not)時(shí)，表肯定意義。 活到老，學(xué)到老。他的勇氣再表?yè)P(yáng)也不為過(guò)。5. I stayed there fro nearly three months and missed a lot of school.我在那兒住了幾乎三個(gè)月，錯(cuò)過(guò)了很多功課。nearly adv.(1)(almost)差不多，幾乎 差不多10點(diǎn)鐘了。英國(guó)和美國(guó)一年當(dāng)中的季節(jié)幾乎是一樣的。(2)

16、(closely)密切地，親密地這事與我密切相關(guān)。辨析：nearly與almost兩詞意義相近，肯定句中可以換用。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，almost的差距比nearly要小。另 外almost可用never,no, none, nothing, nobody等否定詞連用，而nearly只可與not連用，not nearly是“遠(yuǎn)不如”的意思。幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)人相信她。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么比錢更重要。暫時(shí)不合時(shí)宜 在任何時(shí)候，隨時(shí) 準(zhǔn)時(shí)noteno ugh to”和“sothat等形容6. So sometimes kids laugh at me when I get out of breath after

17、 running just a short way因?yàn)楫?dāng)我跑完僅一小段路后就氣喘吁吁的，所以有時(shí)小孩們會(huì)嘲笑我breath n.1)single act of taking air in and sending air out呼吸做一次深呼吸 _2)smell氣味，香氣a breath of fresh air一陣新鮮空氣開(kāi)放思維 above ones breath高聲地below ones breath低聲地catch ones breath喘息，屏息hold ones breath(由于激動(dòng)、害怕等)屏息get ones breath (again)恢復(fù)常態(tài)in the same brea

18、th同時(shí)waste ones breath白費(fèi)口舌l(xiāng)oseones breath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)out of breath上氣不接下氣short of breath呼吸短促7. Of course, there will always be a few who cannot see the real person inside my body, but I do not getannoyed, I just ignore them.當(dāng)然總是有些人看不見(jiàn)真實(shí)的我，但我并不生氣，只是對(duì)他們視而不見(jiàn)。annoy vt. irritate, make rather angry打攪；干擾；使煩惱；使生氣(尤用

19、于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))因?yàn)槟穷D飯做得不好，所以他對(duì)妻子很生氣。他對(duì)這孩子如此的愚笨感到煩惱。發(fā)散思維(派)annoyance n.厭煩；煩惱8. All in all, I have a good life.總而言之，我過(guò)得很好。all in all(1)極其重要的；重于一切的；最關(guān)心；最愛(ài)的 他們互相之間極為關(guān)愛(ài)。最重要的是他承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤了。(2).從各方面考慮；從各方面來(lái)說(shuō)；總的來(lái)說(shuō) 從各方面來(lái)說(shuō)，那都是極大的成功。從各方面考慮，他都是一個(gè)完美的人。開(kāi)放思維take breath歇口氣knock the breath out of sb.使某人大吃一all but幾乎，差點(diǎn)兒in all總共all in

20、疲倦not at all根本不，一點(diǎn)也不，別客氣all of實(shí)足，至少once (and)for all最后一次all one to對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣all out竭盡全力all over全部結(jié)束，渾身，到處all right（身體）好；情況不錯(cuò)all the more更加，益發(fā)all the same盡管如此，仍舊，全部一樣9.I am happy to have found many things I can do really well我很高興地看到很多事情我能做得很好本句中不定式的完成式to have done在句中作狀語(yǔ)，不定式有四種時(shí)態(tài)： （1）一般式精益求精是人的特性。（2）完成式：不

21、定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。（3）進(jìn)行式：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 他們看起來(lái)相處得不錯(cuò)。（4）完成進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行。我們很高興這一段時(shí)間和你們一起工作。10.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.我沒(méi)有時(shí)間閑坐著顧影自憐。Sit around （同sit about）閑坐著這些家伙別無(wú)事干只能閑坐著聊天。院子里孩子們四處閑坐。feeling sorry for myself是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間

22、狀語(yǔ)、 原因狀語(yǔ)、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等，其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)通常是主句的主語(yǔ)。 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他高興地跳了起來(lái)。由于不知道她的電話號(hào)碼，所以我無(wú)法打電話給她。他跑著到我們這邊來(lái)。那孩子跌倒了，頭撞到了門上。我乘坐的火車6點(diǎn)出發(fā)，10點(diǎn)到達(dá)芝加哥。11. Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying.有殘疾并不意味著你不能擁有令人滿意的生活。above all首先；首要；最重要的all through一直，在整個(gè).after all終究，畢竟all told總共，合計(jì)all alone獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立地all up徹底

23、完蛋all along始終，一直，一向and all連同其他一切all around（在）周圍，各處at all根本不，一點(diǎn)也不all at once突然，忽然，同時(shí)，一下子for all盡管期間mean v.意思是，意味著.紅燈表示“停止” 。 _誤了車意味味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。辨析：mean to do與mean doing mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著 我不打算跟你吵架。通過(guò)高考意味著被大學(xué)錄取。開(kāi)放思維mea n后接名詞、代詞或不定式可表示強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)真，并非開(kāi)玩笑”。I said I would help you and I meant it.我

24、說(shuō)過(guò)我要幫助你，我說(shuō)話算話。-Are you joking?你是在開(kāi)玩笑吧？-No, I mean it.不，我不是當(dāng)真的。Learning about Language1.What is the action of making something suitable for a new use?使某些東西適合一種新用途的行為是什么？Suitable adj.(fit)合適的；適宜的這種酒不 適合在就餐時(shí)飲用。這些故事書(shū)適合孩子們閱讀。發(fā)散思維(派)suit vt.適合 辨析：fit與suit fit指尺寸大小的適合；suit指顏色和款式的適合。2.How would you describe

25、 a person who is having trouble breathing after he/she has exercised?你如何描述一個(gè)鍛煉完后呼吸困難的人？have trouble (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”他很難讓自己被人理解。在解決人口問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)有很大困難。開(kāi)放思維in trouble處于困難中be a great trobule to對(duì).來(lái)說(shuō)很麻煩ask for trouble自找麻煩get into trouble陷入困境make trouble制造麻煩take trouble to do sth.費(fèi)心做某事save/spare troubl

26、e省事，避免麻煩put sb. to trouble給某人添麻煩put sb. To the trouble of doing sth.麻煩某人做某事there be trouble (in) doing sth.陷入困境3. You can find the sentences in any part of the unit to this point.你能在這個(gè)單元的任何部分找出這些恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。to the point:(in a way that is)relevant and appropriate中肯；恰當(dāng)。切中要害的評(píng)論他的講話簡(jiǎn)明中肯。開(kāi)放思維point at指著point ou

27、t指出poi nt to指向to the poi nt of到達(dá).的程度the point談?wù)摰氖?；要點(diǎn)；核心問(wèn)題make a point of doing sth.認(rèn)為做某事重要或有必要on the point of doing sth.正要做某事l.The blind climbers got assistanee from sighted panions.那些眼睛看不到的爬山者從視力正常的同伴那里獲得幫助。assistance n. .help幫助，援助，幫忙如果需要幫忙，請(qǐng)給我打電話。我能幫點(diǎn)忙嗎，先生？盡管他大聲喊叫，卻沒(méi)有人來(lái)幫助他。沒(méi)有人幫忙，我可挪不動(dòng)這架鋼琴。發(fā)散思維assi

28、st v.幫助，援助，協(xié)助assist sb. to ones feet攙扶某人站起來(lái)panion: person or animal that goes with ,or spends much time with, another(伴的)人或動(dòng)物；同伴；伙伴my panions on the journey我的旅伴Adog is a faithful panion to man.狗是人類忠實(shí)的伙伴。2.You have achieved something quite remarkable.你獲得了非同尋常的成就。achieve vt. gain or reach (sth.),usual

29、ly by effort, skill, courage, etc.(靠努力、技巧、勇氣等)獲得或達(dá)到只要我們努力，任何事情都能成功。我希望做到的僅完成了一半。開(kāi)放思維achieve success獲得成功achieve victory取得勝利achieve ones purpose達(dá)到目的achieve ones aim實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)achieve a good result得到好的結(jié)果3.Student A has just received her graduation certificate.學(xué)生A剛獲得她的畢業(yè)證書(shū)。通常certificate n. written or printe

30、d statement that may be used sd proof or evidence of certain.證（明）書(shū)；證件開(kāi)放思維a marriage certificate_a birth certificate _a health certificate_ an inspection certificate_a medical certificate _ a professional certificate_a savings deposit certificate_a certificate of merit_a teachers certificate _4.In pa

31、rticular, I would like you to consider the following things:我尤其想要你考慮下列事情：in particular尤其；特別我特別注意到他的眼睛。正餐你有什么特別喜歡的嗎？沒(méi)有，什么都行。5.Access to the cinema for people in wheelchairs and those who have difficulty walking.為那些坐在輪椅上的人和走路有困難的人進(jìn)入電影院的通道。access n.(1)Means of approaching or entering (a place);way in (

32、接近或進(jìn)入某地的)方法；通路要到那個(gè)農(nóng)舍去惟有穿過(guò)田地。到那村子的路容易走。(2)access (to sth./sb):opport unity or right to use sth. or approach sb.(使用某物或接近某人的)機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利惟有高級(jí)官員才可以接近總統(tǒng)。學(xué)生要有使用好圖書(shū)館的便利條件。6.they should be able to do so with dig nity.他們應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠以高貴的品質(zhì)去那樣做。dignity n.(1) quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth高貴，尊貴，尊嚴(yán)只有真正自由的人才

33、具有人的尊嚴(yán)。你應(yīng)當(dāng)知道勞動(dòng)的高貴所在。(2)calm or serious manner or style盡管噓聲四起，她依舊泰然自若。莊嚴(yán)的舉止，端莊的儀態(tài)（3）high or honourable rank, post or title女王封他為貴族。高貴或顯要的職銜參考答案單詞拼寫1.disabled 2.ambition 3.clumsy 4.adapted 5. annoying 6.stupid 7. independent8.conduct9. Politics 10.literature11.resigned12.assistance 13panion14.congratul

34、ated 15.admiration 16.basement 17.elderly 18.dignity 19. accessible 20. bare(1)F (2)T (3)F (4)F (5)T (6)T (7)F (8)FWarming Up1. (1) He had finally achieved success.They couldnt achieve their target of less than 3% inflation.(2) Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.2. (1)

35、A boy who is filled with ambition usually works hard.His ambition to bee the Prime Minister is likely to be realized.(2) He has great ambitions.Reading1. In other words, she must give up singing.Imnot used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I dont want to continue our conversations.Beethove

36、n wrote manyworld-famous musical positions. In other words, he was a great musician.(發(fā)散思維) I dont want you to tell me only in word that you will study hard.Y ou dont know how wonderful it is .It cant be described in words.In a word, we must try our best to do the work.(1) Can you read this word for

37、me ?(2) Deeds speak louder than words.(3) Would you like to have a word with me ?(4) Youd better keep your word.(5) Word came that he was murdered.2. Can you adapt yourself to the new job ?Y oud better adapt to the new environment as soon as possible.The story was adapted for a TV play.Difficult boo

38、ks are sometimes adapted for use in schools.3. Hand me two at a time.4.(1) The child is too young to go to school.=The child is not old enough to go to school.=The child is so young that he cant go to school.(2) He is too ready to talk.He is willing to help others.(3) I ts never too late to study.Hi

39、s courage is never too much to be praised.5.(1) I ts nearly ten oclock.The seasons of the year in England and the USA are nearly the same.(2) The matter concerns me nearly. Nearly與almostAlmost too one believed her.Almost nothing else can be more important than money to him.6.(1) take a deep breath7.

40、 He was annoyed with his wife because the dinner was badly cooked.He felt/got/was annoyed with the boy for being so stupid.=He was annoyed at the boys stupidity.8. (1)They were all in all to each other.All in all ,he admitted his mistake.(2) All in all, it had been a great success.All in all, he is

41、a perfect man.9. (1) It is human to want something better.(2) I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(3) They seemed to be getting along well.(4) We are happy to have been working with you.10. The guys have nothing to do but sit around chatting.In the yard children are everywhere sitting around.Hearing

42、 the news, he jumped with joy.N ot knowing her telephone number, I cant ring her.He came running towards us.The child fell, striking his head against the door.My train started at six, arriving in Chicago at ten.11. The red lights means“Stop”.Miss ing the bus means wait ing for ano ther hour.Idont mean to argue with you.P