使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

1、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1. 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰的時(shí)候這時(shí)不帶by引起的短語.Printing was introduced to Europe from China.省略了 by 短語.Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away.省略了 by 短語.2. 當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí).You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially誠摯地invited to a party to be given at

2、 the Teachers Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 233. 當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣在動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)這時(shí)可帶by引起的短語.The song was composed 組成； 寫作by a student.A good time was had by all.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化.以 give為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被 動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are + given【例句】 The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice an

3、d js based on pictures and topics.2. 般過去時(shí)：was/were+ given【例句】 These computers were made in our own country.3. 一般將來時(shí):will/shall be + given【例句】 Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection to the nation.(CET-4 1996)A. has left B.

4、is to leave C. leaves D. is to be left本句意思為：78歲的Denis先生聲明他將把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家.所以 leave應(yīng) 用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式.一般將來時(shí)可以用來 be to do sth來表達(dá),因此答案為D.4. 過去將來時(shí)：would be+ given【例句】 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being + given【例句】 The machine is being repaired in the w

5、orkshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are and perfected now.A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed本句測試點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)develop和perfect是兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞,perfect用的是被動(dòng)形式,develop也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式,而且句子的時(shí)間狀語為now,故develop應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),答案為 Co6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/w

6、ere being + given【例句】 The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has been+ given【例句】 Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.8. 過去完成時(shí):had been+ given【例句】The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War n .9. 將來完成時(shí):will/shall have been + given【

7、例句】 The book will have been published by the end of next month.10. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過去分詞This problem can be solved.這問題可解決.What s done cannot be undone. 覆水難收.George might be sent to America by his company inAugust.公司可能八月份派喬治去美國.或類似結(jié)構(gòu) (be going to, have to 等)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài) :This room is going to be pa

8、inted next week. 這個(gè)房間下周粉刷.Go away! I want to be left alone.走開！我想單獨(dú)待一會(huì)兒.一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保存在謂語后面.通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語指人的賓語.Eg :They didn t offer Ann the job.Ann wasn t offered the job. 安未得到這份工作.2. 在使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, get 以及感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observed后面不定

9、式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要加to.Thev nictke herelectn the floor,FShe is made to clean the floor by them.3. It + be+過夫分詞 + that 從句 (=十語+ be+過夫分詞 + to do sth底示： 據(jù)說 /據(jù)揭諧 /據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等.例：據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national e

10、xam.但:It that there was a car over there.A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案： A. happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞,無被動(dòng)語態(tài).4.動(dòng)詞 get代替 be. ( get往往用在口語中.)There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.酒館里發(fā)生了打斗,幸好無人受傷.get done 往往表小行為不是計(jì)戈U之中,而是意夕卜發(fā)生的.如:The dog got run ove

11、r by a car. 狗被汽車輾死了.不可以變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義.cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, writeEg：The dish tastes delicious.The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well“sell毗處為不及物動(dòng)詞銷售起來；有銷路的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為 賣；出售)This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗)

12、2. Need +V-ing表示 生語承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作 ,表示被動(dòng)意義.My car needs repairing (= to be repaired).我的車需要修理.練習(xí):1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to his old ways.A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned2. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C.

13、servesD. served3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They well and already.A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold outC. sell, sell outD. are sold, have been sold out4. The train arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to5.

14、 This dictionary mustn t he lfbmry.A. take awayB. taken away C. are taken away6. My shoesA. is worn outI went out for a newB. wore outpair.C. were worn offD. be taken awayD. were worn out7. That kind of shirts _ cotton.A. is made from B. are made fromC. is made ofD. are made of8. Rice in South China

15、.A. growingB. is grown C. are grown D. is grow9. All the preparations for the task, and we re ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed10. The teacher told his students that they to be useful men to the country.A. were all expectedB. were all expectingC. al

16、l were expectedD. all expected11. Some of the hotels in my hometown .A. have now been rebuildingB. are now rebuildingC. are now being rebuiltD. are rebuilt now用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改換以下各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet has been

17、 found.3. She told me to wait here for her.I was told to wait here for her.4. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrested by the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speechMr. Green was invited to make a speech.6. The students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the students every day.7. You mustn t take those books out othe reading-room.Those books mustnbet taken out of the reading-room.8. I din t tell you that the girl could do the job.You weren t told by me that the girl could do the job.9. Do people speak English in your