材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語-短句詞匯翻譯-前10課(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit1：專心-專注-專業(yè)交叉學(xué)科 interdiscipline 介電常數(shù) dielectric constant 固體性質(zhì) solid materials熱容 heat capacity 力學(xué)性質(zhì) mechanical property 電磁輻射 electro-magnetic radiation材料加工 processing of materials 彈性模量（模數(shù)）elastic coefficient1.直到最近，科學(xué)家才終于了解材料的結(jié)構(gòu)要素與其特性之間的關(guān)系。It was not until relatively recent times that

2、scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties . 2.材料工程學(xué)主要解決材料的制造問題和材料的應(yīng)用問題。Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application. 3.材料的加工過程不但決定了材料的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時決定了材料的特征和性能。Materials processing process is not only t

3、o de structure and decided that the material characteristic and performance. 4.材料的力學(xué)性能與其所受外力或負荷而導(dǎo)致的形變有關(guān)。Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.Unit2：先進材料 advanced material 陶瓷材料 ceramic material 粘土礦物 clay minerals高性能材料 high performance material 合金 metal

4、 alloys 移植 implant to玻璃纖維 glass fiber碳納米管 carbon nanotub1、金屬元素有許多有利電子，金屬材料的許多性質(zhì)可直接歸功于這些電子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons，many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons. 2、許多聚合物材料是有機化合物，并具有大的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they

5、have very large molecular structures. 3、半導(dǎo)體材料的典型特征介于導(dǎo)體材料（如金屬、金屬合金）與絕緣體（陶瓷材料和聚合體材料）之間。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ). 4、生物材料不能產(chǎn)生毒性，并且不許與人體組織互相兼容。Biomateria

6、ls must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.Unit3： 微觀結(jié)構(gòu) microstructure宏觀結(jié)構(gòu) macrostructure 化學(xué)反應(yīng) chemical reaction 原子量 atomic 電荷平衡 balanced electrical charge帶正電子的原子核 positively charge nucleu 1、從我們呼吸的空氣到各種各樣性質(zhì)迥異的金屬，成千上完中物質(zhì)均是由100多種院子組成的。These same 100 atoms form thousan

7、ds of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.2、事實證明金屬原子是通過很強的鍵結(jié)合在一起的。The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.3、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)是指能夠通過顯微鏡觀察到的而不是用肉眼直接觀察到的結(jié)構(gòu)，宏觀是指可以直接用肉眼觀察到的結(jié)構(gòu)。Microstructure, which includes feature

8、s that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.4、原子核中質(zhì)子和中子的量的綜合就是原子量。The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Unit4：相轉(zhuǎn)變溫度phase transformation temperatures比重specific gra

9、vity熔點the melting point重力加速度the acceleration of gravity 磁導(dǎo)率magnetic permeability熱導(dǎo)率thermal conductivity 1. 化學(xué)性質(zhì)是用來描述一種物質(zhì)是怎樣變成另外一種完全不同的物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)。Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 2. 相變是一種物理性質(zhì)，并且物質(zhì)存在四種相：固相、液相、氣相和等離子體。Phase is a physical prop

10、erty of matter and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma . 3. 當溫度低于熔點時，聚合物的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞，但其分子任然連接在分子鏈上，從而形成一種柔軟和柔順性材料。Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results

11、in a soft and pliable material. 4. 在工程應(yīng)用中，滲透率通常用相對值而不是絕對值表示。In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms .Unit5： 實驗樣品 test specimen靜負荷 static loading 作用力 applied force垂直軸 normal axis工程應(yīng)變 engineering strain 臨界應(yīng)力 critical stress屈服強度 yield

12、strength應(yīng)力面積 stress area應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線 stress-strain curve 1. 通常，溫度低于室溫時，金屬合金的強度性質(zhì)降低，而延展性、破碎韌度和拉伸性能增強。Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys. 2. 從材料的角度來說，盈利是一種在材料內(nèi)部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施加的負荷并與其發(fā)生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within

13、a material , stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it. 3. 工程應(yīng)變可定義為：所施加立方向上的材料的改變量與材料原始長度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the mater

14、ial . 4. 高強度和高延展性的材料比低強度和地延展性的材料的韌性高。A material with high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and low ductility Unit6：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDP市場經(jīng)濟market economies社會問題societal issues經(jīng)濟指數(shù)economic index衛(wèi)生保健health cane材料科學(xué)與工程MSE國民生產(chǎn)總值GNP人口增長率population grouth rate1、 然而，

15、隨著時間的變化，人類的革新與創(chuàng)造力，工程師滿足社會需求的能力和建立工程企業(yè)的精神是永恒不變的。However，some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity, the engineers ability to address societal needs , and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering. 2、 我們可以看到醫(yī)學(xué)、通信學(xué)和運輸工業(yè)的革命給我們生活帶來的變化。 We have witnessed the re-shapi

16、ng of our lives through revolution that have taken place in medicine, telecommunications, and transportation industries.3、 18%的世界人口缺少安全飲用水，幾乎40%缺少環(huán)境衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。 Eighteen percent of the worlds population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40% has no access to sanitation.4、 材料與社會是相互聯(lián)系的，并且我們應(yīng)當認為材料

17、科學(xué)工程的發(fā)展與影響人類生存條件的全球社會問題存在密切的關(guān)系，這是唯一理性的看法。 Materials and society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the globe.Unit7：離域電子 delocalized electrons 電子結(jié)構(gòu) e lectrical structure堿土金

18、屬a lkali-earth metals 核電荷 nuclear charge 化學(xué)電池 electrochemical cell 核電荷 nuclear charge 導(dǎo)電性 e lectrical conductivity價帶 valence bands離子晶格 the ion latti 1、金屬有時被描述為由游離電子團包圍的正離子晶格。Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons.2、通常地，金屬具有良好的導(dǎo)電性和導(dǎo)

19、熱性，具有金屬光澤，密度較大，并且具有在壓力下變形而不會斷裂的能力。Metals in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity, high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving. 3、合金是指兩種或兩種以上的元素形成的固溶體混合物，其中主要組分為金屬。An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the

20、major component is a metal.4、不同比率的金屬結(jié)合成為合金可以改變純金屬的性質(zhì)，從而產(chǎn)生所需要的性能。Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produe desirable characteristics.Unit8：面心立方晶體結(jié)構(gòu) face-centered cubic渦輪入口溫度 TIT核反應(yīng)堆 nuclear reactor金屬材料 metallic material相穩(wěn)定性 phase stability納米粒子的合成

21、nanoparticle synthesis1、典型的超耐熱合金具有奧氏體的面心立方晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。Superalloys typically hae an austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure.2、根據(jù)超耐熱合金的性質(zhì)，超耐熱合金的產(chǎn)品可以在高溫和腐蝕環(huán)境中得到應(yīng)用。 Superalloys are used where there is a need for high temperature strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance.3、超耐熱合金主要用于航天工業(yè)、潛水、核反應(yīng)堆、軍用發(fā)動機

22、等方面。 The largest applications of superalloys are the following: artcraft and industrial gas turbines; rocket engines; space vehicles; submarines; nuclear reactors; military electric motors and so on.4、高溫下氣態(tài)的氯化鋁或氟化鋁可以從超耐熱合金內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)移到表面。 Unit9：保護膜 protective film自由電子 free electrons金屬離子 metal cations電路 circ

23、uit電子轉(zhuǎn)移 electron transfer正極反應(yīng) anodic reaction1、 金和銀這類金屬在自然界中是以金屬狀態(tài)存在的，在環(huán)境中它們不容易被腐蝕。 Gold and silver can be found in the earth in their natural, metallic state, and they have little tendency to corrode.2、 氧化過程中從金屬中奪取電子，而還原過程中金屬得電子。 Oxidation is the process of stripping electrons from an atom and redu

24、ction occurs when an electron is added to an atom.3、 當金屬表面處于濕潤狀態(tài)之后，在表面上的水層中會發(fā)生正負極之間的粒子轉(zhuǎn)移，這就是腐蝕。 If the surface becomes wet, corrosion may take place through ionic exchange in the surface water layer between the anode and cathode.4、 通常情況下腐蝕的種類是根據(jù)被腐蝕后金屬的外觀來進行劃分的。 Corrosion is commonly classified based on the appearance of the corroded material.Unit10:玻璃轉(zhuǎn)變溫度 glass transition temperature應(yīng)力分布 stress distributio