2021上海高三英語一模閱讀C匯編(16區(qū)全)-教師版

1、2021寶山一模(C)Upon reflection of die ideal social moral code, withui one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Thougli “be constructive, not destructive= sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometmies it is difficult to detenmne if ail act is exactly construc

2、tive or destructive.We can decide if sometliiiig is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told hini to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thouglit in your mind to spank him to give

3、 a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confivsed about whether this would be constructive or destnictive. It might show hini that not listenmg to you and breakmg things is not welcome, but on tlie otlier hand, spaiikmg hun is an act of aggression that will hurt him physical

4、ly and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later m life. Tliere is no exact wrong or riglit in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I thi

5、nk it does more destniction than construction. But, tliat is just me.Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, fbr some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be ail essential part. Take the example of

6、 going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of die circumstances, I would assume tliat the majority of people would agree tliat kilkiig Hitler at the height of liis power if they had die chaiice would be seen as a constructive, th

7、us positive act. Tlierefbre, our definitions often detenmne our values and how we behave upon those principles.Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered tlirougli a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take fbr instance creating new homes

8、 in a forested area. Yes, homes fbr Inunans are made, but also die habitat fbr countless animals is bemg destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true、it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, tliough. Every step we take kills bacteria and oth

9、er microorganismsand perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a mmonty. Is there a way to deterinme which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in

10、 the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. Tliere have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.Though I consider "Be constructive, not destructive'' the

11、 most solid one-senteiice social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider sometlimg constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all

12、 nuances. Tliese difierences consist of die concision that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I camiot imagine a better code than die one stated in this essay in terms of living one's life in a social context.63. From die author's view whether to punish a kid's wrong doing or

13、not depends on what extentA. it would bring him benefits or harmsB. he would modify his destructive behaviorC. liis act is constructive or destructiveD. his destructive result might bring about64. Tlie author mentions die example of killing Hitler to show that .A. killing someone is defiiutely terme

14、d a destructive actB. the majority of people would agree to kill HitlerC. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive actD. definitions of social code decide our 'values and prmciples65. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?A. Construction and destmction can advance so

15、cial developments.B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.C. What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.D. Being in the majority in teniis of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passag

16、e?A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral CodeB. Judgment of Construction or DestructionC. Ideal Social Moral CodeD. How to Lrve One's Life in a Social Context2021黃浦一模(C)In the ancient world, die practice of medicine was mescapably luiked to supernatural belief and magic. Tliat was until the Greeks ma

17、de advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicme today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today-tliat die observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching

18、 medicme, encouraging the view that disease had physical not supernatural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that tliey will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use then- skills to heal a

19、nd do no harm. One of Hippocratestheories was of the "four humours a belief that disease was caused by aii imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body- blood, phlegm and black and yellow bile(a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting w

20、as a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be tr

21、eated by using carefill observation and logical thought.Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although liis method may seem smiple now, he divided them into two basic categor

22、ies, as either plant or animal-he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued expermientation and discovered that evaporation, the process ofbeconiuig a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also a believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elementsfire, earth, water and ai

23、r.Hippocrates believed die four humours, related to die four liquids in die body, were each in line with an organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on die Greeks' idea of four base elements （air, water fire, earth）. Althougli discredited now, die humours fbnned the basis of

24、 western medicine until the 18th cenniry. They were:- Blood from the lnwer: associated with Spring: witli courage and hope- Phlegm from bram and lungs: Winter; calm and unemotional- Yellow bile from gall bladder （月目囊）：Summer; anger and bad temper- Black bile from spleen（脾臟）:Autumn; with blue and dar

25、k mood63. Which of the followmg is NOT TRUE accordmg to the passage?A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B. The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C. Hippocrates thought disease was cau

26、sed by an imbalance of the four liquids contamed in the human body.D. Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by carefi.il observation and logical tliought.64. The practice of blood-lettmg was based on the belief that.A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was n

27、ot evenly balancedC. the patient was in a bad humourD. too much blood was bad for people65. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be Uinied mto fresh water?A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B. He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C. He made the

28、 discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66. Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modem medicine?A. He proved that tliere are four base elements in all matter in the world.B. He showed the procedure of how die four bodil

29、y liquids affected moods.C. He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations.D. He recognized the importance of the observation and notmg of symptoms.2021崇明一模（C）A new study suggests die Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be luiked to a serious heart co

30、ndition.More tliaii 400.000 Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American teclmology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New O

31、rleans, Louisiana.The researchers looked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called ' the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in tlieir heartbeat, while others do not. Because of tliis, many people do not know they have the condition. People witli untr

32、eated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke （中風(fēng)）.In the United States, a-fib causes ail estimated 130,000 deaths and 750.000 hospitalizations each year.People takmg part in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. Tlie devices contam an app that continuously gathers i

33、nformation without users having to do anything. It uses the watchs light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes tliat niiglit show an irregular heartbeat.The researchers said that out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects （實臉對象）received a warning fro

34、m the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat.Lloyd Minor, head of Stanford's School of Medicine, said in a statement that die results show great proi

35、mse in using teclmology to create fc'more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the ftitiire.“This study opens the door to flirther research mto wearable teclmologies and how they imglit be used to pr

36、event disease before it strikes/' he said.But some health researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectneness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was witl

37、i die American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, die Apple Watch system "is not perfect/' He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing i

38、f the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said.Otlier experts agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health obsen ation systems are widely recommended.63. What does the new study mainly find out?A. Apple Watch can warn of hea

39、rt problems. B. Apple W,Tatch can protect people against a-fib.C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke. D. Heart problems can be identified and cured. 64. Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by.A. measuring the wearer s heart rates B. sendmg mfbnnation to the wearer tlirough ail appD. ext

40、eiidmg the time of wearing itD. monitoring the wearer's bloodstream65. Which of the following might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement?A. It's difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now.B. A-fib is jiist one example of a condition that causes heart problems.C. Wearable

41、teclmologies might identify and treat any disease one day.D. Tliere are more possibilities of development in wearable technology.66. It can be concluded from die passage that.A. wearable teclmologies are developing fast but shouldn't be applied to medicineB. die study results are inspiring but m

42、ore proofs are needed to ensure die accuracyC. die study is sponsored by a commercial company so the results are a little unfairD. device-based health obsen ation systems are convenient and should be widely used2021徐匯一模The State-Of-The-Art-Tech Behind Fighting FiresHow are today's firefighters d

43、ealing with massive wildfires? They're doing it by using the most advanced technology. Whether it's witli a modified jumbo jet or innovative熱的）imaguigcameras, we take a look at the tech behind fightuig some of the world's most overwhelming fires.Teams fighting against the Califbmia wildf

44、ires used the Global SuperTaiiker - a modified jumbo jet tliat carries almost 73,000 liters （19,200 galloas） of fire 72幻汨”/（阻燃劑）- alongside die S-64 Aircraiie heay-lifting helicopter, which carries 10,000 liters （2,200 gallons） of water.These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire s

45、pread tlirough sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data. Fed mto hi-tech computer modelling software, tig can help predict the fire's behanor and possible spread patterns. Computer models are able to provide small area coverage only meters wide, mapping territoty and airflow. Fires are especi

46、ally responsive to wind conditions and these tools allow firefighters to determine the passage of flames at ground level.But manned aircrafts need a large investment m mamtenance and crew trainmg. Command and control centers are turning to umnamied aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional

47、capabilities. Small qisdc卻2（四旋翼機）and larger fixed-wing aircraft can fly over fires for much longer periods.Smoke can covei the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews 一 However, tliis is not a problem for drones. Onboard high definition，力爐znzd（紅夕卜輻射的）and tlierinal imag

48、ing cameras can provide direction to groimd teams, spot vital infrastructure （including power or water lines）, and identify dangerous or flammable objects.Infrared and thermal cameras can see tlirough smoke to monitor ground teams and let them know when conditions change. Umnaimed aircraft can provi

49、de aerial linages, heat maps, and temperature scales of fire zones. Specialist drones can even carry hoses to less accessible areas. Iii die future, swanns of autonomous drones could be used to track wildfires and spot fire spread.Thermal imaging technology lias become widespread and less expensive

50、to use. Handheld cameras and devices that attach to smartphones allow firefighters to see tluough smoke and find active fire hotspots, or undergrowth tliat is burmiig without producmg smoke.Identifying these hotspots allows crews to target the most active and dangerous parts of a wildfire and divert

51、 manpower to tackle it more effectively.Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground team's capabilities. Tlierinal cameras inside the helmets mean that firefigliters can operate in environments completely obscured b

52、y smoke. At the same tune, they can wirelessly transmit information on what is happenmg at the frontline to command and control points.Robots are also making a difiereiice. Tlie Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with r

53、educed visibility using radar a laser scanner, a thennal camera and gas sensors. Smokebot can help in forest fire situations mappmg large areas filled with dust or smoke, where it is too risky to send in rescue personnel.Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their

54、 cameras and remote sensors are used to estmiate the fire's evolution and provide siniational awareness that saves lives.The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard die Suomi NPP satellite gives near real-time data to NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (

55、FIRMS) on active fires across the world.Fuially, to get the bigger picture on fire tracking and momtoring. the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey uses data from die Landsat Earth-observing satellites. Data gathered from every major fire in the country since 1984 has been fed into computer mo

56、dels to help predict and prevent wildfires.63. What does the underlined fcthey in the tliird paragraph, refer to?A. Current firefighters tackling massive wildfires.B. The modified jumbo jets and art thermal imagmg cameras.C. The data gained from sensors and video feeds, plus GPS information.D. The a

57、ir tankers used to put out flames and monitor fire spread.64. Which of die following is not the advantages of drones over maimed aircrafts in tackhiig massive wildfires?A. Drones don't need much ftiel when putting out wildfires and ideiitifymg die causes of fires.B. Less money is needed in train

58、mg crews when drones are available.C. Drones won't come across any breathing problems when ill work.D. Drones needs much less investment in maintenance.65. Which of the following advanced teclmologies is not mentioned in the passage?A. Swarms of autonomous drones used to extinguish wildfires fro

59、m air.B. AR helmets with breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided.C. Drones with high defiiution, mfrared and thermal imaging cameras onboard.D. Earth-observing satellites equipped with cameras and remote sensors.66. Which of the following statements about Smokebot is true?A. It was created by a Swiss university to assist fire and rescue semces.B. It can help to send rescue personnel to a fire spot.C. It can help draw a map of large areas and fill the regions w