嵌入式、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) 外文翻譯

1、The Future of Data Acquisition: Will the Internet's Cloud-Computing Replace the Data Logger?Electronic data loggers have been integral in data collection since their inception with widespread adoption beginning in the early 1980s. Data loggers are used in a variety of industries and applications

2、 including remote water resource monitoring, weather condition monitoring, machine monitoring, gas and oil projects.A data loggers primary purpose is to automatically collect data points from sensors and make these data points available for review, analysis, and decision making processes. Many data

3、loggers can also be programmed for other purposes, such as alarm and control conditions.The microprocessor-based data logger was a revolutionary data acquisition tool that replaced most of the historical mechanical-based paper chart and punch tape recorders, which required either manual data input f

4、rom the charts or scanned data using special equipment that could create a digital file from the paper record.The data acquisition industry may be at the beginning of another revolutionary data acquisition change with the advancements of the Internets Cloud Computing.The Microprocessor Revolution: D

5、ata Logging Goes DigitalThe computer microprocessor revolution in the 1980s advanced the efficiency, quality, and quantity of recorded data. Monitoring locations could be set up and left alone for extended periods of time. Telemetry (radio) systems at the monitoring location enabled transmission of

6、data directly from the data logger back to a central location, where the data could be evaluated and analyzed.Data loggers with many different features and benefits are available and programmable to meet users specific data acquisition application. However, the physical data logger still needs routi

7、ne maintenance and has a risk of failure resulting in lost data. Like other technology, the rapid advancement in microprocessor technology can make a new data logger designs obsolete in a short period of time.Data output formats from data loggers are not standardized, which often necessitates acentr

8、alized network software program for collection, decoding and processing of the data. Data presented on-line via the Internet typically requires another software program designed to integrate with the data collection software program. These two programs are typically owned and maintained by the owner

9、 of the data acquisition system.A data acquisition management revolution is emerging, with the movement of software programs from a personal computer or business network systems to the Internet, and integrating such software with other web services. This movement is reducing the demand on individual

10、 networks hosting and maintaining software programs, and is poised to potentially revolutionize the current data logging and acquisition model.Two factors are currently converging that could make this revolution possible: 1.) the expansion of connections to the Internet from anywhere, and 2.) the di

11、stributed computing power of the Internet that is being made available to users though easy-to-use web services (known as “Cloud Computing”).With this, the Internet has the potential to change data logging process the same way the microprocessor revolution did in the 1980s.Introduction to Cloud Comp

12、uting on the Internet“Cloud computing” is a relatively new term, but the concept has been a long-held vision of Internet application developers. Now this vision is a reality and is rapidly growing in terms of availability and acceptance. Embracing the concept of cloud computing is a paradigm shift o

13、n how software is accessed and where relevant data is collected, stored, and processed.Broken down to its simplest form, the Internet is simply a network of computers (called servers) that are accessed to store vast amounts of data and display such data in web sites, send and receive email, share ph

14、otos, distribute movies, music, games, and any other on-line activities.Cloud computing is the concept of moving the localized computer processing, programs, and data to an Internet server for easier and more secure access. An analogy is every home and business having its own localized electric powe

15、r generation plant versus a remote, centralized power generation plant that services multiple homes and business. Today, the power plants are the remote server farms and the transmission and distributionof data are the power lines. The trend is towards purchasing a data plan service from maintaining

16、 powerful computing hardware and software programs for each location.Benefits of cloud computing include real-time access of information, scalability of processing power as the demand load increases, less risk of down-time compared to localized networks, and direct interaction with other web service

17、s thereby enhancing the quality and relevance of the information for better informed decision making.Software can be written to run “on the cloud” in much the same way as Microsoft Office runs its MS Office applications on a personal computer or localized network server. Rather than running the soft

18、ware locally, the software and related data files are stored on a remote server accessible on the Internet. Many large companies run cloud computing services, such as Amazons S3 service, Googles App Engine, and Microsofts Windows Azure platform.Putting the Data Logger OnlineA data logger operates in

19、 a similar way to a computer in that a software program (known as embedded firmware) is stored on the data logger that controls the loggers processes some of which are defined by the user, such as the logging intervals from connected sensors. The data logger also has a data storage device similar to

20、 a computer, using FLASH memory to store files. This set of hardware and software work in tandem to collect and store data, control other instruments, and transmit data if the logger is connected to a telemetry radio device.A typical data acquisition application includes sensors connected or integra

21、ted with a data logging instrument at each physical location (See Figure 1). A telemetry modem (radio) is often connected to the data logger for wireless communication of the sensor data to a central office location. The central office location communicates with the data logger from the remote locat

22、ions using a data management software program. Internet access is typically provided from a separate customized program that integrates with the datamanagement software program.Figure 1. Flow of Data in a traditional example data acquisition systemToday, a revolutionary change for data acquisition a

23、pplications is available for those data collection sites that have Internet access (See Figure 2). The need for a localized data logging instrument and separate centralized data management software program is nolonger required.Figure 2. Flow of data using the concept of cloud computingInstead, the u

24、ser simply integrates the sensors directly to an IP (Internet Protocol) addressable telemetry modem for direct connectivity to the Internet program. The Internet software program placed on a remote server is programmed to communicate directly with the remote modem and pull each sensors data. Data bu

25、ffers can be included in the IP addressable modem for missed connections with the Internet Server. This works well with serial addressed digital sensors (such as RS485 or SDI-12), but is more involved with analog sensors. This revolutionary trend will also increase the demand for new smart sensors a

26、nd for smart mobile phone applications for remote configuration and programming of sensors.The software program residing on the Internet cloud functions as a virtual data logger and can be programmed to execute multiple user-defined routines and utilize other web services for enhanced data analysis,

27、 reporting, notifications and control not possible with atypical data logging instrument.Figure 3. An overview of how data from remote monitoring stationscan be accessed from any computer or mobile device with access to the internet,by taking advantage of a virtual logging platform hosted on the clo

28、ud.Cloud-based data collection and display services are now being offered by companies such as Stevens Water Monitoring Systems “Stevens-Connect” service that replaces the data acquisition and processing firmware of a data logger with an on-line software service that collects, processes, and stores

29、data from multiple locations. In addition, custom routines, configuration, relationship analysis, control, and reporting can easily be managed with this on-line data collection service. This can be thought of as a virtual data logger, since Stevens-Connect performs the same functions as a traditiona

30、l data logger instruments but exists as software online, running on the cloud.Benefits of an Internet-based/cloud computing data collection system:l Logged data is backed up on a regular basis within a highly secured server andfacility.l Access to the data is an integral element of cloud computing a

31、nd no separate datamanagement program, process or routine needs to be purchased, programmed,maintained, and upgraded periodically.l Real-time, advanced data analysis is a key benefit to moving data acquisition andstorage to the Internet cloud resulting from the enhanced processing power ofInternet s

32、ervers and the integration of other web service. Charts and graphs caninclude relationship information from other data collection web sites. Advancemathematical or scientific analysis can be programmed that include data variablesfrom multiple web sites. Images from remote sites and other locations c

33、an beincorporated into the analysis.l No replacement hardware or individual updates of data logging instruments arenecessary because software updates are easily rolled out to the end-user. Accordingly, the cloud-based data collection software is automatically providedwith the latest software updates

34、 and features as they are released.The benefits and features of “virtual data logging” are poised to revolutionize the future of the data acquisition industry similar to the revolution from mechanical based date acquisition to microprocessor based data loggers in the 1980s.As the Internet continues

35、to expand and become available wirelessly to more locations, users can expect to see additional web-based services offered that make the acquisition ofremote data online a simple solution, providing real-time access to critical data for businesses and organizations in many industries.未來的數(shù)據(jù)采集：“云計(jì)算”將替

36、代傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀？20世紀(jì)80年代以來，在數(shù)據(jù)采集方面數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀被廣泛采用于遙測(cè)水資源、大氣環(huán)境、機(jī)器檢測(cè)、天然氣、石油等項(xiàng)目。數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的主要目的是自動(dòng)采集傳感器數(shù)據(jù)，每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀也叫數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，這些數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)具有審查、分析和處理功能，許多記錄儀也可以用作報(bào)警器、控制器等?；谖⑻幚砥鞯臄?shù)據(jù)記錄儀是一個(gè)革命性的數(shù)據(jù)采集工具，它取代了傳統(tǒng)的以文件、圖標(biāo)、磁帶等記錄方式，只需要從圖表、數(shù)據(jù)中以掃描或者手動(dòng)輸入、特殊錄入設(shè)備的方式，可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件化的記錄方式，將所有信息以數(shù)字的方式存儲(chǔ)。由于“云計(jì)算”與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的融合發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)采集行業(yè)可能有遇到了一次革命性的變化。走向數(shù)字微處理器革命：數(shù)據(jù)記錄在19

37、80年，計(jì)算機(jī)微處理器革命帶來了效率、質(zhì)量、數(shù)量以及記錄數(shù)據(jù)上的突破。監(jiān)測(cè)地點(diǎn)可長時(shí)間孤立運(yùn)行。遙測(cè)系統(tǒng)可以在檢測(cè)位置遠(yuǎn)程啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，將從數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀中記錄的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到服務(wù)器，這樣就可以進(jìn)一步的評(píng)估、分析數(shù)據(jù)。有很多具有不同特點(diǎn)、不同優(yōu)勢(shì)、可編程的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀，來滿足用戶的特定的數(shù)據(jù)采集應(yīng)用。然而，物理數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀仍然需要日常維護(hù)，其采集到的數(shù)據(jù)有可能會(huì)因?yàn)楣食６鴣G失。在微處理技術(shù)飛速進(jìn)步現(xiàn)在，這種孤立的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀已基本被時(shí)代所淘汰。數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的數(shù)據(jù)沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范，往往需要一個(gè)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)來收集、解碼和處理數(shù)據(jù)的軟件程序。通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將其他軟件與數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件整合。這兩項(xiàng)計(jì)劃通常擁有維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的管理

38、員。一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)革命正在興起，隨著移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將電腦、人或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)整合成一個(gè)大的環(huán)境，這個(gè)革命是減少對(duì)個(gè)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴，而且便于維護(hù)軟件程序，將可能徹底改變目前的數(shù)據(jù)記錄和數(shù)據(jù)獲取模式。這兩個(gè)因素的存在使得這場革命成為可能。l 任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接l 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的分布式計(jì)算能力正在提供給用戶便于使用的網(wǎng)站服務(wù)（云計(jì)算） 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有可能像20世紀(jì)80年代微處理器革命那樣改變數(shù)據(jù)記錄過程?！霸朴?jì)算”在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上“云計(jì)算”是一個(gè)比較新的名詞，但這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)引用開發(fā)商所期望的目標(biāo)?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)目標(biāo)已經(jīng)有了實(shí)現(xiàn)的基，擁抱“云計(jì)算”將促使軟件開發(fā)和數(shù)據(jù)的收集、存儲(chǔ)、以及數(shù)據(jù)處理模式的轉(zhuǎn)

39、變。簡單來說，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)僅僅是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它能夠存儲(chǔ)大量的數(shù)據(jù)，例如郵件、照片、電影、音樂、游戲以及任何的線上活動(dòng)，這些數(shù)據(jù)組成了現(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)?！霸朴?jì)算”是將原本基于本地計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行的程序、數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)更快捷、更安全并容易訪問的因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)器中。例如：每個(gè)家庭和企業(yè)都有一個(gè)屬于自己的本地發(fā)電廠，而“云計(jì)算”就是將所有的本地發(fā)電廠集中起來。今天，遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器將為我們提供更加強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件和軟件環(huán)境，用戶只需要按計(jì)劃購買服務(wù)即可?！霸朴?jì)算”的特點(diǎn)包括實(shí)時(shí)獲取信息、性能負(fù)載均衡、可擴(kuò)展性增強(qiáng)，減少停機(jī)時(shí)間風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，能夠提供與他其WEB服務(wù)互動(dòng)，從而提高信息的質(zhì)量與仙姑感性，為用戶提供更完善的信息?！霸啤避浖木帉懪c本地軟件的編寫方式大致相同，如Microsoft Office，MS Office等運(yùn)行在個(gè)人PC上或者企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上很相似。軟件將不再本地運(yùn)行，軟件的本體和數(shù)據(jù)文件存儲(chǔ)在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行訪問。很多大公司已經(jīng)開始了“云計(jì)算”服務(wù)，如Amazon的S3服務(wù)、谷歌的App Engine、微軟的Windows Azure平臺(tái)。將數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀與