China's rural minimum living guarantee of the status quo, problems and their causes

1、China's rural minimum living guarantee of the status quo, problems and their causes        Paper Keywords rural minimum living security status of the causes of         Abstract over the past few years development, Ch

2、ina in the implementation of rural minimum living security system has achieved some results, but after all, is facing a new task in front of us, both in institutional construction and in practice, there are many areas still problems, the causes of these problems are manifold.     

3、;    1, the rural minimum living guarantee the status quo                      Rural minimum living security is the state and society for the protection of income is difficult to m

4、aintain the basic living of the rural poor and the establishment of a new type of social relief system. The scientific method to determine the security line for standards to prevent money over the past relief, without artificial aid less money randomness, expanding coverage to protect the object to

5、improve the security standards, timely and effective manner to protect the basic living rights of farmers, reflects respect for the dignity of farmers and social situation of those living in poverty under the responsibility of the people. The system in the rural social security system has played a &

6、#39;reveal all' role. China's rural areas there are still about 30 million absolute poor, who are mainly rural minimum living security system to protect objects. In accordance with the State Council promulgated the 'established throughout the country on notice of the minimum living secur

7、ity system', the rural minimum living security objects, specifically identified as the four categories: First, family members were the ability to work or basic loss of working capacity of rural households; two key members of the family in the ability to work and age, but lost the ability to work

8、 with severe disabilities, families to protect those who really have difficulty; three family members said in their ability to work and age, but had long been ill, basic or most of the loss of ability to work, family security does difficulties in persons; four key members of the family illness, deat

9、h tolls, their children not to able-bodied age groups, particularly those in life. Farmers who meet the security conditions by the person's application. The meeting discussed the villagers, the village committee reported, township government review, notices posted openly, submitted to the civil

10、affairs departments for approval before implementation. Implementation of the rural minimum living security system for the funds needed, the basic classification by all levels of financial burden, funds are mainly allocated for disaster relief funds from the central and local level in fiscal spendin

11、g for natural disaster relief. The earliest implementation of the minimum subsistence guarantee system for rural residents of the area is in Shanghai. In 1994, Shanghai, through the implementation of the minimum subsistence guarantee system for rural residents, and explore scientific and effective w

12、ay of rural poverty relief groups. In 1995, the Ministry of Civil Affairs in conjunction with rural social security system in the building of the experimental work of Yangquan in Shanxi province, respectively county, Shandong Province, Yantai City, Sichuan Province Pengzhou minimum living security s

13、ystem in rural areas the building of the pilot. In order to strengthen the work of the guidance, issued in 1996, Ministry of Civil Affairs 'on accelerating the construction of rural social security system, the views' and 'rural social security system to guide the program', called for

14、 the establishment of rural minimum living standard guarantee system for rural social security system focused on task and serious plans to promote the system. Implementation of the system is the key to revenue as much as possible to improve the basic livelihood of the people favor. To 2007, the cent

15、ral government has been increasing transfer payments to cover the urban and rural residents to explore the establishment of a social security system in more areas to promote the establishment of rural minimum living standard security system. In 2007, the central financial arrangements for capital sp

16、ending on these allowances in rural areas is 30 million yuan, the money has been issued. Local governments also must devote greater efforts. First half of 2007, the local budgets at all levels and the poverty-stricken families in rural minimal needs relief already invested 35.6 million, plus the sec

17、ond half of the forecast, the local financial input will be more than 7 billion yuan, higher than the quantity of inputs in 2006. As of the end of June 2007, the country's 31 provinces and autonomous regions have established a rural minimum living security system, covering 20.68 million people.

18、All the poor rural residents into rural minimum living security system, is expected to realize at the end of this year. The system as a solution to the problem of rural poverty, redress mechanisms, and only for the part of the needy households, households enjoying five guarantees, as well as the tra

19、ditional people in disaster areas for interim relief, compared with a strong advantage. But in some areas of rural guaranteeing system has not yet established, there are some areas Despite the establishment of the system, but with 'established throughout the country on rural minimum living secur

20、ity system notification' requirements are not consistent with the protective level are still to be improved. Statistically speaking, guaranteeing that the full implementation of rural areas after the sharp rise in food prices in the main case, in 2007 the national average level of spending on th

21、ese allowances by the end of 2006 but decreased significantly compared with the (by the end of 2006 the national average monthly per capita spending on these allowances as a 33,2 million). Therefore, as a kind of institutionalized and standardized form of social assistance, the rural minimum living

22、security system to be improved.         Second, China's rural minimum living security problems                      1, the rural minimum living standard sec

23、urity system developed slowly. Rural minimum living security system is more relief than the poverty-stricken prior to specification higher level of a security system. Therefore, the original special hardship relief should be targeting as much as possible incorporated into the rural minimum living se

24、curity areas. But at present, still poverty-stricken rescue based in Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Tibet, Qinghai and other provinces (municipalities), the rural minimum living security object in the proportion of objects that all relief less than 10%, between 10% to 30% of the province

25、s of Anhui, Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan and Ningxia, between 30% -50% of the provinces of Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, between 50% -70% of the Xinjiang. Can be seen that China's vast central and western regions, especially the rural minimum living standard security system developed more slowly.   

26、                   2, the level of protection is very uneven between regions. Although since 1994, China had already begun a rural minimum living security system for a pilot to explore, in recent years has also

27、 made remarkable achievements, but the level of development of the system everywhere is extremely uneven. In some counties, such as included in the minimum living security system in rural areas of a few dozen individuals, nominal. In some counties, the minimum standard of living is very low, only a

28、hundred dollars a year or so, it is not paid on time. Even in some areas, the system there have been gradual shrinking trend. From the east central and western regions compared to the point of view, 94.4% of the country's eastern region of rural social assistance population is those who enjoy mi

29、nimal needs, while the central and western regions is only 37.7% of the aid targeted at those who enjoy minimal needs. But in fact, China's most urgent need of a minimum living guarantee of the rural population concentrated in the central and western regions. According to statistics, by the end

30、of 2005, the total number of rural poor population 26.35 million, of which nine provinces and cities in the poor eastern part of the sum of only 1.01 million, the central and western regions of the population of 22.64 million poverty-stricken central and western regions of the poor population in the

31、 total poverty-stricken of 95.7%. The main reason for this phenomenon is the most central and western rural areas, there is no sustainable development of the capacity of the minimum living security system, while the developed coastal regions and suburbs of big cities have the ability to carry out th

32、is system to provide a strong financial security.                      3, the rural minimum living standard security system of the exit mechanism is not sound. Based on the minimum living standard in

33、rural areas is difficult to determine, guaranteeing that families have incomes dynamic monitoring difficulties, information lag and other reasons, a number of per capita income of rural households in guaranteeing that the standard line of more than minimal needs are not adequately after the withdraw

34、al or unwilling to quit minimal needs such phenomena occur. Minimal needs in the current object, in fact, the ability to work about 50%, due to the minimum living security system in rural areas increasing gold content, so that some people formed a 'welfare dependency', recipients are relucta

35、nt to give up benefits, rather non-working or less of employment, though not the system will enable them to escape poverty, but at least something for nothing.                      4, the rural minimu

36、m living standard is low, narrow coverage. Due to shortage of funds, many people in need of relief, the rural minimum living standards are often only in accordance with the low benefits, in the economically underdeveloped areas, the rural minimum living standard security system exists in name only a

37、nd can not carry out even difficult to ensure the basic living assistance objects. The same time, our coverage of this system is relatively narrow, a considerable part of the relief and subsidies are not poor farmers, allowing groups of rural poverty only at the minimum living guarantee 'pieceme

38、al' small-scale status. According to statistics, the number of China's rural minimal needs of the rural population accounts for only 0.36%. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:/         5, the lack of effective organizational guarant

39、ee. Rural minimum living security system is a new, long-term social relief system, involving tens of millions of people need to accurate knowledge of such a large crowd of family income and changes in circumstances, accept the minimal needs of applications and consulting, conduct of verification and

40、 approval. Objectively speaking, the above-mentioned institutions who specialize in the use of high-quality management of information technology means to implement the management, however, at present in China, only some of the city, county (district), township (town) in the newly established departm

41、ent of civil affairs and labor and social security integrated management of social assistance office, usually by the civil affairs department under the county's social assistance departments keep a close watch, the lack of specialized regulatory agency.        

42、 Third, the rural minimum living causes of the problem                      1, the rural minimum living guarantee an overall lack of system level specifications. At present the implementation of

43、China's rural minimum living security system, neither the central government enacted a special on the rural minimum living security normative documents, but no such laws and regulations, the local government issued the corresponding implementation of the policy alone. In practice, only a very sm

44、all number of local governments, operational stronger rural minimum living security management practices, most rural areas in the provision of minimum living guarantee Shi Huan in the implementation of non-standardized, non-uniform, with considerable arbitrariness in the traditional approach, the la

45、ck of institutional measures. This situation caused a lot of adverse effects. First of all, because all aspects of understanding and unity, lack the necessary means of work, resulting in this work a great running resistance at the grassroots level. Second, the lack of a unified standard operational

46、procedures, management, lack of control mechanism in some places even occupied by the phenomenon of misappropriation of relief funds to rural minimum living standard security system has a negative impact, many farmers and therefore cast doubts related systems . Again, due to the lack of legal policy

47、, but also without a stable funding sources, it is in actual operation, the security standard is not clear, arbitrary large, security standards can not be with the prices and economic development, improved, and everyday basic needs there is a wide gap between. In short, the rural minimum living secu

48、rity policy, the lack of legal basis and operational management procedures need to change the situation.                      2, the rural minimum living seriously underfunded. Rural areas in 1999, be

49、fore the tax reform, rural social relief funds by the county treasury and the rural collective economic input. 2000 Central and the State Council on the pilot work of rural tax and fee notification does not provide for relief in rural extremely poor households sources of funding. Coupled with the ce

50、ntral authorities decided to abolish the agricultural tax was to make a substantial reduction of township funds. Rely only on the limited funds provided by the county finance obviously can not guarantee for all poverty-stricken families in rural areas to provide relief, and some areas of financial c

51、onstraint, the rural social relief work is basically at a standstill. In view of the situation, at present, some of China's provinces and municipalities qualified rural minimum living security fund will be included in the budget. Funded by social assistance funds, of course, reflects the governm

52、ent to provide basic living members of the community's duties and obligations, but also effectively improved the supply situation of minimal needs funds, this approach is very necessary and commendable, but in practice , the current revenue of the marginal propensity to invest more in some place

53、s and in arranging the budget, more emphasis on those who can bring economic benefits or be able to demonstrate significant achievements in economic construction projects, the minimum living security fund arrangements tend to rely upon the order of , the rural minimum living guarantee money supply i

54、s still inadequate. For some financially weak provinces and cities, rural minimal needs funds included in the budget are very difficult, let alone any others.                      3, the rural minimum

55、 living object identification more difficult. Rural minimum living security object to determine the scientific method must be the standard method of measurement, while in rural areas of its application to the complex social reality, they will encounter difficulties. Rural minimum living security obj

56、ects is difficult to determine the main features: First, able-bodied account the protection of an object hidden income is difficult; two migrant workers in rural areas of income or a temporary income is difficult; third is to determine the farmers with legal support, maintenance relationship and all

57、 the staff together, living together is difficult revenue; 4 due to build a house, marriage led to the inclusion of persons living in difficult security object operation is difficult.                     &

58、#160;4, the central and local financial authority and powers between the asymmetry of the status quo affects rural minimum living security system operation. Present. County, township and village is responsible for the national minimum standard of living in rural areas to protect the main body of work, but the central and local financial author