英語-語法-不定代詞

1、英語-語法-不定代詞不定代詞1詞語定義不定代詞，即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。some,any,all,both,none,either,neither,each,every,均為不定代詞。常用不定代詞有：some (something , somebody , someone , somewhere ) , any (anything ,anybody anyone , anywhere ) , no (nothing , nobody , no one ) , every (everything , everybody everyone , everywhere ) , all,

2、 each , both , much , many , ( a) little , (a) few , other (s) , another , none , one , either , neither 等。般來講， 修飾不定代詞的詞 要置于其后。2主要用法不定代詞大部分可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作 主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。作主語他們兩人都是 教師。Both of the men are teachers .作賓語我對這個人 無所知 。I know nothing about this person.作表語這本書對一個小孩來說太難了。This book is too much d

3、ifficult for a child .作定語玻璃杯 里有一些水。 There is a little water in the glassa little,little,a few,few 的區(qū)別：a little通常帶有肯定的意思，表示還有一點；而little帶有否定的意思，只剩一點兒了。（little后通常加不可數(shù)名詞）a few和few同上。（后通常加 可數(shù)名詞）作狀語I can't find my book anywhere .我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。這一句也可以表示成：I can ' t find my book nowhere. 我在任何地方都不能找到我

4、的書。修飾不定代詞的詞，一般情況下要后置.3舉例介紹一般不定代詞用法例子1. some 一些，某些，某個不定彳t詞some可以代替名詞和形容詞，常用在 肯定句中作主語、賓語、定語等。作 定語時，它可以 修飾可數(shù)名詞 （單、復數(shù)皆可）和不 可數(shù)名詞。例如：some are doctors , some are nurses . 有些人是醫(yī)生，有些人是護士。（作主語）2. any 一些，任何不定彳t詞any可以代替名詞和形容詞，常用在否定句或疑問句中作主語、賓語、定語等。作定語時，它可以修飾 可數(shù)名詞（多為復數(shù)）和不 可數(shù)名詞。例如：There isn ' t any ink in my

5、pen.我的鋼筆沒有墨水。（作定語）不定彳t詞any有時也可以用在 肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如:You may come at anytimell bhome the whole day .你任何時候來都行，我整天都將呆在家里。不定彳t詞any也可以用作副詞，做狀語，表示程度。例如：Is he anybetter today ?他今天好一點了嗎？3. all全體，所有（指三者以上）不定彳t詞all在句中可以作主語、賓語、 表語、定語或同位語。它可以代表或修飾 可數(shù) 名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。代表或修飾可數(shù)名詞時，指兩個以上的人或物。作 先行詞時，引導詞 用that。例如：All

6、 were presen at the meeting .全都到會了。（作主語，代表可數(shù)名詞）4. both全部，都不定彳t詞both指兩個人或事物。和all 一樣，可以用作主語、賓語、定語或同位語。 例如：we invited both to come to our farm .我們邀請兩個人 都來我們的農場。（作賓語）5. none無人或無不定彳t詞none的含義和all物相反，和no one , not any同義，但其用法相當于名詞， 在句子中一般作主語或賓語。它代替 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可 數(shù)名詞作主語時， 謂語動詞用單、復數(shù)皆可。例如：None ofthe

7、problems is/are easy to solve .這些問題沒有一個是容易解決的。（作 主語，代替可數(shù)名詞）6. either兩者之中的任何一個，這個或那個。不定彳t詞either可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如:Either of them will agree to this arrangent .他們兩人中會有人同意這樣的安排的。（作主語）7. neither兩者都不不定彳t詞neither是either的否定形式，可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如：Neither is interesting .兩個都沒有趣。（作主語）8. each每個，各自的不定彳t詞each指每一個人或事物的個別

8、情況，甚至指這些個別情況各不相同。它在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。例如：She gave the children two appleseach.她給了每個小孩兩個蘋果。（作 the children的同位語。）9. every 每個，每一的，一切的不定彳t詞every有"全體"的意思，和all的意義相近，但只能作定語。復合不定代詞1.some,any,every,no 都能和one, body ,thing 一起構成代詞，這些代詞叫復合不定代 詞。它們基本含義為：somebody 某人someone 某人anybody、anyone :任何人everybody 、

9、everyone :每人nobody、no one :沒人指物something某物某事anything 任何事物everything 一切nothing 沒東西2.一般情況下，some構成的復合不定代詞，其作用和 some相同，用于 肯定句；any 構成的復合不定代詞用于 否定句或疑問句；no構成的復合不定代詞表示否定含義，用于否定句。如： I have something to tell you.我有事要告訴你。 He didn ' t say anything at the meeting yesterday.昨天在會上他沒發(fā)言。Everybody likes swimming.

10、每個人都喜歡游泳。There is nothing wrong with your ears.你耳朵沒毛病。3.something可用于提建議或請求的問句中，以及希望說話對方作出肯定回答的問句eat中。如:Would you like some thing to4 .復合不定代詞在句子中作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:Nobody knows his name .沒有人知道他的名字。s newspaper?天的報紙上有什么重要新聞5 .不定代詞的定語要后置。如:Is there anything important in today一般的，不定代詞（包括復合不定代詞）在句子中，通常用第三

11、人稱單數(shù)形式6 .復合不定代詞的否定?！皀otevery表示的是部分否定，意為并非都，不都”。例如：Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都會那么順利。Theteacherdidn ' tcalleveryone ' snam老師并沒有點所有人的名。"notany '和no-均表示全否定。例如：He listened,but heard nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。=He listened,but didn ' t hear anything.You haven' t called anyone/a nybody

12、 up,have you?你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？=You have called no one/nobody up,have you?1 .不定式是英語動詞 的一種形式。它在許多情況下可省略 "to",它不同于漢語 動詞，漢 語動詞只有一種形式。如：我看書。她看書。但英語要說看”必須根據(jù)主語的 人稱，動作發(fā)生的時間等確定其形式。如： 1) I read a book .2) She reads a book.1 )句中的 “read 是一般現(xiàn)在時第一人稱 的動詞定式。2)句中的“reads”是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞 定式。I want to read a book.

13、我想要看書。/She wants to read a book.她想要看書。其中的看”不易確定其形式。因為動作還未發(fā)生，因此稱不定式。通俗的說，就是不一定是什么形式”2.不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，英語中不定代詞有：some(something , somebody , someone ) , any (anything , anybody , anyone ) , no (nothing , nobody , noone ) , every (everything , everybody , everyone ) , all , each , both , much ,

14、many , (a) little , (a) few , other (s) , another , none , one either , neither 等。1)陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren'tI.I'm as tall as your sister , aren't I?2)陳述部分的謂語是 wish ,疑問部分要用 may+主語。I wish to have a word with you,may I?3)陳述音B分用 no,nothing,nobody, never ,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 等否定含義

15、的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer,did he/she?Some plants never blown（開花）,do they?4）含有ought to的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主語。He ought to know what to do,oughtn'the?/shouldn't he?5）陳述部分有have to+v.（had to+v.）,疑問部分常用 don't+主語（didn't+主語）。We have to get there at ei

16、ght tomorrow,don't we?6）陳述部分的謂語是 used to時，疑問部分用 didn't+主語或usedn't+主語。He used to take pictures there,didn'the?/usedn't he?7）陳述部分有 had better+v.疑問句部分用 hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself,hadn't you?8）陳述部分有would rather+v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't+ 主語。He would rather r

17、ead it ten times than recite it,wouldn't he?9）陳述部分有You'd like to+v. 疑問部分用 wouldn't+ 主語。You'd like to go with me,wouldn't you?10）陳述部分有must的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。He must be a doctor,isn't he?You must have studied English for three years,haven't you?/didn't you?He must have f

18、inished it yesterday,didn't he?11）感嘆句中，疑問部分用 be+主語。What colours,aren't they?What a smell,isn't it?12）陳述部分由neither nor,either。連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根據(jù)其實際 邏輯 意義而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13）陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything,that,nothing,this,疑問部分主語用it。Everything is ready,isn't it?14）陳述部分為主語 從句或

19、并列復合句，疑問部分有三種情況：a.并列復合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for severa ltimes,he should have been in China now,shouldn't he?b.帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù) 主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk ,is he?He said he wanted togotoJapan,didn't he?c.上述部分主句謂語是think,believe,expect,su

20、ppose,imagine等弓I導的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句。I don't think he is bright,is he?We believe she can do it better,can't she?15）陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑問部分常用復數(shù)they ,有時也用單數(shù)he 。This is our new headmaster,isnThose are Japanese,aren ' t they?One should be ready to hel po

21、thers,shouldn' t one?One can ' t be too careful,can you?Each of the students has a dictionary,hasn' t they?Each of the students passed the examination,didn' t they?None of his money is left,is it?None of his friends are interested,are they?None of his friends has come ,has they?Somet

22、hing will have to be done about the price ,won ' ti t?Everybody is kind to you,aren ' t they?No one left here yesterday,did they?Someone turned that radio down,don ' t they?Neither side could win ,could they?Everything that he says is false ,isn ' t it?主語。16)帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分

23、常用 need(dare)+We need not do it again ,need we?He dare not say so,dare you?當dare,need為實義動詞 時，疑問部分用 助動詞do+主語。She does n'td are to go home alone ,does she?17）省去主語的 祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you 。Don't do that again,will you?Go with me,will you/won't you?注意：Let's開頭的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us開頭的 祈使

24、句，后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music,shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?18）陳述部分是"there be"結構的，疑問部分用 there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch ,isn't there?There will not be any trouble,will there?19）否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impossible,isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?20）must在表"推測"時，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。He must be there now,isn't he?It