過去完成時態(tài)的用法及專項練習

1、1.過去完成時尸） 構成：由助動詞 had + 過去分詞 構成否定式：had not + 過去分詞縮寫形式： hadn' t（2） 用法過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發(fā)生或完成了的動作。（3） 它所表示的時間是“過去的過去”。i表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示也可以用 when, before, after等引導的 時間狀語從句來表示還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示。When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.當我到達那里時，你已經開始吃了。k By the time he got here

2、, the bus had left. 到他到達這里時，汽車已經離開了它表達的是在某個過去動作或時間點之前發(fā)生的動作，簡單地說就是“過去的過去”發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時的構成很簡單，即had +動詞的過去分詞。一、過去完成時的主要用法 1、表示在過去動作之前已經發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。比如說， A事件發(fā)生在一個月前， 而B事件發(fā)生兩個月前，那么 B事件比A事件還要早發(fā)生，它就要使用過去完成時。 例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party.（即：客人在他到之前已經離開了。） They had already had brea

3、kfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即： 吃飯在先，他們到達在后。）2、表達在過去某個確定的時間之前發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)。例如： How many English films had you seen by the end of last term在這個例句中，沒有兩個事件作比較。但是，它有一個明確的時間作參考，即last year明確了告訴我們是"過去"時間，而 by the end of last year 說的是在last year 之前 完成的動作，因此它也是“過去的過去”，可以用過去完成時。I had finished wri

4、ting my compositionby 10:00 this morning.（今天上午 10： 00 點以前，我已經寫完了我的作文。）I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes. （我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內容，以至我沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯誤。）3.過去完成時還可以表示從過去某一時間開始，持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：He had worked in the factory for five yearsbefore he moved here .（ 在他

5、搬至U這兒以前，他已經在那家工廠工作了五年。）I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing .（ 我昨天看見李平了。自從我離開北京，我們就沒見過面。）When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home.3、在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。She said （that） she had never been to Paris.(1) Tomwa

6、s disappointed that most of the guests when he at the party.A. left ; had arrived B. left ; arrivedC. had left ; had arrived D. had left ; arrived(2) We four thousand new words by the end of last year.A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned根據(jù)上下文的時間關系來確定用過去完成時。例如：1) . The pen I

7、 I is on my desk, right under my nose.那支我以為已經丟了的鋼筆。在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。A. think ; lost B. thought ; had lost C. think ; had lost D. thought ; have lost2) . Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.海倫把鑰匙忘在了辦公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。A. has left ; comes B. left ; had come C. had left ;

8、 came D. had left ; would come解析：正確答案為 Co had to wait說明事情發(fā)生在過去，而“忘帶鑰匙”的動作發(fā)生在“等丈夫回家”之前。8、It was +時間+ since +主語+過去完成時。例如：They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I a good drink.他們邀請我和他們喝酒，我說，我已經至少十年沒有好好喝過了。A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had bee

9、n enjoying 正確答案為Ao用在"It was th e first/second/third time that ”句型中在此句型中，主句用了 一般過去時，that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.這是 39 年里他們第一次見面。It was the first time we had spoken together.這是我第一次在一起說話。二、下列情況一般不能用完成時 下列三種情況不用過去完成時：1、句中如 yesterday , last year , in

10、1986 , three days ago等明確地表示過去時間的狀語，謂語動詞必須用一般過去時。例如：Peter didn't play football yesterday .(彼得昨天沒有踢足球。)2、在敘述兩件以上的事件時，如果事件之間連接地很緊湊的一系列的動作，一般仍用一 般過去時而不用過去完成時。例如： They decided to stay here , and so they built their houses and made their farms .(他們決定呆在這兒，所以他們建了房子，開墾了農場。 )三、過去完成的否定句和疑問句1、否定句 had not .例

11、如：I hadn't learnt Lesson 20 yet.2、疑問句Had.例如： Had you ever seen such an exciting match before Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.四、一般過去時和過去完成時當before , after, as soon as等引導的從句里的動作與主句的動作緊接時，由于這些連詞本身已經說明了兩個動作發(fā)生的先后關系，因此兩個動作均可用一般過去時表示。We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我們吃早飯。The train

12、 started to move just before we reached the station.我們至 U車站時火車剛開動。As soon as they got there, they started to study.他們一到那里就開始學習了。1. 在主從復合句中的用法不同(1)用在賓語從句中在主句謂語為一般過去時的賓語從句中，既可用一般過去時，也可用過去完成時。但兩種時態(tài)的意義明顯不同。試比較下列兩組句子：She said she was a doctor.她說她是位醫(yī)生。(說話時仍為醫(yī)生)She said she had been a doctor.她說她曾當過醫(yī)生。(說話時已

13、不是)She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她說她當過 20 年的醫(yī)生。(主要強調說話日已當過 20年醫(yī)生，此狀態(tài)可能已經結束，也可能還沒有) 但是，如果從句中有表示具體時間的狀語，則常用一般過去時。例如：He said he was born in 1986.他說他是 1986 年出生的。(2)用在含有after的主從復合句中在含有after的主從復合句中，一般在從句中使用過去完成時，主句中使用一般過去時。例如：After he had done his homework, he went out to play football.因

14、連詞after本身能明確表示時間的先后關系，因而多數(shù)的主句和從句均使用一般過去時。例如：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. (3)用在含有before的主從復合句中用在含有before的主從復合句中，一般在從句中使用一般過去時，主句中使用過去 完成時。例如：Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.有時，也可以在從句中用過去完成時，主句中用一般過去時，這樣就可使描述更為生動。試比較：We got to the sta

15、tion before the train had left.火車尚未開動之前，我們就到了車站。We had got to the station before the train left.火車開出之前，我們就已經到了車站。像after 一樣，before本身就能明確地表示時間的先后關系，故多數(shù)主從句均使用一般過去時，而無需使用過去完成時。例如：Many people left for home before the film ended.電影尚未放完，許多人就起身回家了。(4)用在含有when的主從復合句中由于when本身不能明確表示時間的先后關系，故先發(fā)生的動作應用過去完成時，后 發(fā)生的

16、動作只需用一般過去時。這樣用過去完成時的可能是主句，也可能是從句。例如：When all his money had been used up, Peter had to turn to a friend for help. 當他的錢全都用光時，彼得只好轉而求助于一個朋友。有時，主句和從句的謂語動詞的先后關系十分明確，兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，前一動作導致后一動作，這時兩者均用一般過去時即可。例如：When the meeting was over, we left the hall.散會后，我們就離開了大廳。2. 敘述幾個連續(xù)的動作用法不同在敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用and, but ,

17、so或then等連接并按時間發(fā)生的先后順序敘述時，只需用一般過去時。例如：She entered the room, turned on the light and found everything stolen.I lost my pen but soon found it.She lost her pen, so I lent her mine.但是，如果兩個先后發(fā)生的動作不是按時間的順序排列或敘述時，為明確動作發(fā)生的先后順序，先發(fā)生的動作就得用過去完成時。例如：The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another go

18、od harvest.農民們興高采烈，因為他們又獲得了一次好收成。些表示心理活動的動詞，如 think , know, expect , mean, hope , want , suppose等，用一般過去時可表示存在于過去而非現(xiàn)在的心理活動或事與愿違的情況。例如：I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在這兒。而這些詞的過去完成時可以表示一個本來打算做而沒有做的事這種結構也可以表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的設想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected v

19、isitor.我本來昨天打算要去看你，但我來了個不速之客。We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn' t in. 我們本想把這個消息告訴她的，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家?！癶ave/ has got ”形式上是一種完成時，但和have/ has 為同一意義，即“有"。例如：Have you got a pen-friend你有筆友嗎Yes, I have. 是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do他有許多工作要做嗎No, he hasn ' t.不，他沒有。過去完成時練習題(

20、)(1)The police found that the house and a lot of things.A. has broken into, has been stolenB. had broken into, had been stolenC. has been broken into, stolenD. had been broken into, stolen()(2)By the end of this century, we_ ours into a strong modern country.A. will buildB. had builtC. have builtD.

21、will have built()(3)We the work by six yesterday evening.A. finishedfinish C. had finishedD. had been finished()(4)I to help you but couldn t get here in time.A. wantB. had wanted C. have wantedD. was wanting()(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister.A. left about two hours beforeB. would leave about two

22、 hours beforeC. has left about two hours agoD. had left about two hours before() (6)When I reached home, my parents their supper.havingalready hadhadD. had already had() (7)It seems that the old man something important.lostB. had lostC. lostD. would lose() (8)She in this school the past ten years.te

23、aching, sinceB. had been teaching, sinceteach, forD. has been teaching, for() (9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party No, by the time I arrived.A. she d leftB. she's leftC. She was leftD. she must leave()(10)The job proved to be much more difficult than IA. expectC. would expectexpected() (11)We cou

24、ldn t catch up with the others because they too long before us.(starting startedstarted) (12)She felt anxious about her son as she for quite a long time.t heard himB. hadn t heard himt heard from himD. hadn t heard from him) (13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners.A. had seatedB. were seat