中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法并列句和復(fù)合句.

1、并列句和復(fù)合句一、并列句由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)的句子叫 作并列句.常見(jiàn)分類：I 表示同等、平行或承接關(guān)系，常用連詞;md, both. and, not only. but also. 9 neither. nor. > as well as等.2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常用連詞bul, yet（然而）,howeverf然而）， while（而）等.3表示選擇關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)連詞or, n<Hbut（不是而是）,either. or.（要么要么）等4.表示因果關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)連詞because, as, for（因?yàn)椋?so等.二、復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫

2、作復(fù)合句.從句需由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo).初中英語(yǔ)教材主要涉及的復(fù)合句有 狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句.X.:從句引#詞例句時(shí)阿狀 語(yǔ)從句when, while, before, after. untiL sinec as soon asJ Hegel home uniil 9 p. m. lastnight 他M到昨大晚上九點(diǎn)才到家。I'll call vou ud as soon as 1 arrive in Beijing.我 到北京就給你打電話.件語(yǔ)句if. unless as long asYou ll be kept out of (he party unless you have a

3、n invitation.如果沒(méi)有請(qǐng)！IS您是無(wú)法參加這個(gè)聚 會(huì)的?？键c(diǎn)一狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起狀語(yǔ)的作用，修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)、 形容詞或副詞.狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞不充當(dāng)句 子成分，只起連接作用.根據(jù)意義上的不同.狀語(yǔ)從句可分為: 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、 原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句從句類型從句引導(dǎo)詞例句H的 狀語(yǔ) 從句so that, in order (hatThe new company gave away lots of ads in order that peoole can get (o know ii.

4、這彖新公司故發(fā)大廣吿以加冬人 們對(duì)它的了解，讓步 狀語(yǔ) 從句though/although even if, whaicvcr. wherever, wheneverThe whole library was in silence, although there were nearly 500 people leading in i盡管有將近500人 < 6'15 但整崔圖帶館卻寂靜無(wú)聲.從句類型從句引導(dǎo)訶例句狀諂 從旬because, since a$ forSincx everyone is here, let s begin our meeting.既八都到.從們H始開金吧

5、.狀語(yǔ) 從句sothatvsuchlhalYa<> Ming plays basketbull w well that many Aniericans tune also become his funs.姚明籃球打砂如此好以至rm參芙國(guó) 人也成了他的粉絲.從句類巾從句引導(dǎo)訶例句比較 狀語(yǔ) 從句than. as. . . as. not as/so. as I'm as old as Bob. 我和鮑勃年齡樣大.地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ) 從句where whereverWhere there i> a will, （here is a wav.咖 里宵冷里.呷里就仃出（有上不 事竟成

6、）狀語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1-條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)如果主句使用一般將*時(shí). 條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 中使用-般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的 動(dòng)作l>Your dreani must come true if you work hard. 如采努力.你的莎想一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)“I m going to be an engineer when 1 grow up. 長(zhǎng)大品我想成為7(2)如果主句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí). 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中-般使用過(guò)去 時(shí)態(tài)We were watching TV when my father got back.爸譽(yù)回來(lái)時(shí)我們?cè)诳措娨?2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中not until.（直到才

7、）與 before/ after引導(dǎo)的從句的轉(zhuǎn)換.I went to bed after I finished mv homework.er=1 didn't go to bed urHil I finished my homework. 直到做完作業(yè)我才去睡覺(jué).3結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊句式（1）祈使旬代皿+簡(jiǎn)單句1析便句 表示條件.mui引導(dǎo)的面m句茨示 在條件的旅礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的良好納果. 曲后句盤統(tǒng)一Eal more vegetables and less n>eat, aiul youJl keep in good health. E吃菜少吃肉. 你合保持ft!康的.析使句+OT

8、+簡(jiǎn)單句:析使句農(nóng) 示條件，or引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)珮創(chuàng)表示住 違背條件的味礎(chǔ)匕可能產(chǎn)生的不B后果.朮UM' 衣示話則可與if引導(dǎo)的從句 進(jìn)行替換Keep quick or you woift hear what the leachcr says.=Keep quiet, and you will hear what the teacher says=lf you dorft keep quiet, you won t hear wtut the teacher says.保持安協(xié)否剛你 聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)老師在說(shuō)什么(3)so.ihiii.(如此以至He is M)young (ha! he can'

9、;t l(x>k after =He is loo young Io look after himself. =Hc is not old enough to look after himself.他如此年輕以至于他不能照顧自己于）ljtoo. . to.（太而不能）和nolenough lo（不足以.）句式的轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)二賓語(yǔ)從句一、在主從復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的句子叫作賓語(yǔ)從句.二、賓語(yǔ)從句的四個(gè)考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài) 主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí).從句根據(jù)實(shí)際悄況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài) 主句是過(guò)去時(shí).從句使用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式 從句農(nóng)示的是竅觀簾實(shí)、氏理、fl然觀象誓時(shí).不件主旬使用 什么時(shí)態(tài).從句晶用般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語(yǔ)序從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序

10、.即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)連接詞(pthat在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略$作主i»時(shí)不能省略 whid. when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who. whom. whoscW殊瞇問(wèn)制作連接i«l 當(dāng)賓講從句由般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí).連接訶用whether或if. 表示是否人稱一驗(yàn)主，二同實(shí).三不變【溫鼻提示】 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, suppose, guess, believe等詞，主語(yǔ) 為第一人稱，從句表達(dá)否定意義時(shí)，形式上應(yīng)否定主句.例如:I don't think tliat he is right.我認(rèn)為他不

11、對(duì).考點(diǎn)三定語(yǔ)從句一、基本構(gòu)成1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從 句叫作定語(yǔ)從句.被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位于定 語(yǔ)從句之前。2. 句式：含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句.二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法作1 ift作定訊指人who/thatwho/whom/tliat/ 各略whose指物which/ thatwhichAha"省略whoseDo you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition?你認(rèn)識(shí)歌詠比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的那個(gè)女

12、孩嗎？Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.近年來(lái)很多師承趙本山的笑星成名了.【溫,提示】I-以下情況只用Uuit：(1)先行詞前有最髙級(jí) 或序歆河修飾7加 Transformers / is the greatest movie that I have ever seen 變形金鋼III赴我看過(guò)的協(xié)桂的血電羽。2/llw first gift that 1 got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda.我從劉叔叔那里得到的鄭一件禮物兄一只玩

13、 具熊掘。(2)先行訶前有only, all. any. no. last. just.“俺飾Miss Yu seems to be the only tc；K：hcr (hal can help us no餛現(xiàn)在可以帝助我們的老帥好It只有于老師(3)先行訶是somcihing. anything, nothing» ever)thing» lillle. fez many, all* no. none等Is there anything that 1 can do for you? 我 可以為你做點(diǎn)什么？先行詞既令人乂仆物1 love the schools and t

14、eachers that give me happiness.我喜愛(ài)給我?guī)?lái)歡輛學(xué)校和 老師.2.以下情況只用who/ whom:先行訶是anyone, anytxxl y.one on氓thoseAnyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何違法Z人都將受到處PL(2)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,先行詞指 人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用whoThere are some boys whv are playing basketball on the playground.操場(chǎng) 1 .冇"E 男孩在打籃球“3.以下情況只用which：引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞且先廿詞指

15、物This is the liouse in which I'm livine這皴於 我住的房子.菲瞅制性定詛從旬中He bought a new computer, which can work faster and better.他買了臺(tái)新電腦.這臺(tái)電 腦可以工作得更快更好.三、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法用法例句when表示時(shí)何.在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí) 四狀其先行詞是農(nóng)示時(shí)間的名 訶 (year, season day等)1 slill remember lhe days when ue worked together.我仍然記樹我們?cè)谝黄餴作的口 rwhere U示地點(diǎn)在定ift從旬屮作 地芬

16、狀iff- M先行詞足&示地點(diǎn)的 名訶(place- school, room算)This is the school where we once studied. 這就是我的曽輕學(xué)3而why衷示原因.在定詛從旬中作原 訓(xùn)狀訥其先行詞只冇用示廉岡的 reason 河Can you tell me the reason why he 血n i come here?你用我他不來(lái)這兒的原D【巧學(xué)妙記】定語(yǔ)從句的用法主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整. 從句緊跟先行詞，關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。定人要用who或whom,定物which當(dāng)先用. 關(guān)系代詞用that,定人定物有本領(lǐng).when用來(lái)定時(shí)間，whe

17、re用來(lái)定地點(diǎn). 關(guān)系代詞作成分，唯作賓語(yǔ)可省略.單項(xiàng)選擇L （2012達(dá)州中考一Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No, I prefer songsloud.A. that isB. which isC. that areD. what are【解析】AC.由先songs指物且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)可知關(guān)系代詞為that/which,再由先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式可知定語(yǔ)從句 的謂語(yǔ)為are.2. （2U12六盤水中考）一Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?I think we will if wean

18、v classes.A. wont haveB didnt haveC. don't haveD aivn't having【解析】選C.在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將 來(lái).3（2012-恩施中考一I don't know whentomormw?1 will call vou as soon as heA. Mill he come; arrivesB. he will come; arrivesC. he will come; will arrive【解析】選Bwhen引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序；as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，

19、故選B.4. （2012達(dá)州中考）一That actor often joins in differentactivities in Beijing. Do you know?Eor 5 years.A. how soon he will come backB. how long he has stayed thereC. how long has he stayed thereD. how often does he go there【解析】 選B由賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序可排除C、D; 再由答語(yǔ)是for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知賓語(yǔ)從句是how lo昭引導(dǎo)的, 故選B.5. (2011廣東中考)T

20、he first thing my brother Isgoing to do this afternoon is to write a letter.A. xvhichB. thatI), who【解析】選B.在定語(yǔ)從句中若先行詞是物且破序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) 關(guān)系代詞用that故選6. (2011-濟(jì)南中考 一Julie, do you know yesterdayafternoon?By bus. 1 guess.when Mr. (Jrecn will get to Quanchcng SquareB. when will Mr. Green get to Quancheng SquareC.

21、how Mr. Green got to Quancheng SquareD. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square【解析】選C考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法.根北回答中的By bus我們 可以抑?jǐn)嗍菍?duì)交通方式的提問(wèn).A和B選頊中when不符合句意； 又賓語(yǔ)從句須用陳述語(yǔ)序，而D選項(xiàng)為疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序.故選C.7. （2011*蘭州中考）Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom【解析】選A由先行詞是students,且在定

22、語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)， 因此用關(guān)系詞who.故選A.8. （2011山西中考）一Mr. Li, I found a watch on theplayground.You should tn to find outA. M hose is the watchB. who is the owner of the watchC. v*hom does the watch lielong to【解析】選B.賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)序，故選B.9（2011a寧波中考）一What a new computer! Can you tell meJust the day before yesterday.A. how

23、much you paid for ithow much did you pay for itC. when you bought itD when did you buy it【解析】選C從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，故排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；由答語(yǔ) “前天”知問(wèn)的是時(shí)間：“你能告訴我什么時(shí)候買的嗎？"，故 選C.10. （2011-廣東中考）一m go fishing if it thisweekend.But nobodv knows if itA. is fine; will rainIk will be fine; rainsC. will be fine; will rainD is fine; rains【解析】選A第一個(gè)if作如果”講，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).第二個(gè)if作“是否”講引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從 句，可以用將來(lái)時(shí)故選A.11. （201b呼和浩特中考）一Is there anyone here name is Bettv? rry, I don't know.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose【解析】選D 在定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞anyone是人且與name之 間存在所屬關(guān)系，故用whose.12. （2011-臨沂中考）The