江蘇牛津英語(yǔ)7B所有語(yǔ)法精講精練

1、江蘇牛津7B grammara. prepositions of placeabove ,at ,behind, below, beside, between, in , in front of , inside, next to , on , opposite, outside, over ,under 一、above, on, overover也表示在一物體上,但強(qiáng)調(diào)覆蓋這一物體。試比較:She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣蓋在那正在睡覺的孩子身上。Theres a cloth over the table. 桌上攤著一塊臺(tái)布。She

2、put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住臉。over表示“越過(guò)”某一高度,具有動(dòng)態(tài)之意,To my horror, I saw, over my fathers shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是,從我父親的肩膀上看過(guò)去,我發(fā)現(xiàn)非洲士兵最危險(xiǎn)的敵人-一只大猩猩。(視線越過(guò)肩膀后,一直向前方延伸,不用on. They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. 他們肩背繩索拖拽巨石。(繩在肩膀兩邊彎

3、下去,不用on。on表示在一物體上,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩物相接觸,The woman lifted a big jar on her head. 那位婦女頭上頂著一只大壇子。She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。Theres a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本雜志翻開著。on僅表示“處于之上”,是靜態(tài)。試比較:The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 農(nóng)民們肩上扛著鋤頭,向田地走去。(僅表示鋤頭所處的位置。是靜態(tài),用on,不用over. o

4、ver和above都可以用來(lái)表示“高于”,相當(dāng)于“higher than”。例如:The water came up over/above our knees. 水已漲至我們膝蓋之上。Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? 你看到那一片梨樹上空飛翔的鳥嗎?如果要表示“覆蓋”或“越過(guò)”,則用over。如:Theres thick cloud over the south of England. 英格蘭南部地區(qū)一片烏云。Electricity cables went over the fields. 電纜線越過(guò)田野。(這句也可

5、以用across指數(shù)量時(shí),我們一般用over(=more than表示“超過(guò)”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度時(shí),要用above。試比較:You have to be over 18 to see this film. 你得超過(guò)十八歲才能看這部電影。(不用aboveThe temperature is three degrees above zero. 溫度在零上三度。(不用overThe mountain is over(=more than4,000 metres above (higher than sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。over表示在某人或某物的正上方,反義詞

6、是under。above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方,反義詞是below.鞏固練習(xí)We were flying over/across the Sahara.The pen is _Amys desk.The bridge is _the river .Annas flat is _the 17th floor and its _a quiet street.We love to sit _the floor and look out at the sea.二、under , belowbelow, under這些前置詞均可表示位置“在下面”之意。below 指位置低于某物或在某物

7、下方,但不一定在正下方,所指范圍較寬。50 metres below sea level海平面下50米The temperature is below zero.溫度在零度以下。He was below her in intelligence.他的智力比她差。Not feel ashamed to ask and learn from people below.不恥下問。five below零下五度See p.85 below.看85頁(yè)下面。Please do not write below this line. 請(qǐng)不要寫在這條線的下面.under 普通用詞,與over相對(duì),指在某物的正下方,

8、含垂直在下的意思。under1. 表示位置在.下面; 在.底下, 在.之內(nèi); 在.的腳下2. 表示從屬關(guān)系在(統(tǒng)治、監(jiān)督、保護(hù)等之下; 附屬.之下, 歸屬于(.范圍, 類別3. 表示處在某種作用、條件、狀態(tài)下受著.; 在.中; 在.期間4. 表示程度、量值、等級(jí)、地位、年令、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等低于., 比.低級(jí)的; 在.以下, 未滿.(的, 不足.(的under a tree在樹下stand under a high wall站在高墻下面under the ground在地下under water在水中under night在夜幕下under ones eye在眼面前under a hill在山腳下

9、under the line【航?！吭诔嗟老耤hildren under seven years of age不滿七歲的兒童under age未成年ten yuan or under十元或十元以下三、in,insidein adv.進(jìn); 在屋里; 在里頭; 在家prep.在.里, 在.上; 在.方面; 在.之內(nèi); 從事于#進(jìn); 在屋里; 在里頭; 在家#在里面的; 時(shí)髦的, 流行的; 朝里面的; 趕時(shí)髦的swim in the sea在海里游泳lie in bed躺在床上(有被等蓋著the people in the picture照片上的人an article in the newspape

10、r報(bào)紙上的一篇文章wounded in the leg腿部負(fù)傷be weak in English在英語(yǔ)方面水平不高small in size尺寸小; 體積小in hospital在住院in prison在監(jiān)獄(服刑inside在.里面, 在.之內(nèi); 在.結(jié)束前step inside the gate跨進(jìn)大門return inside a month一個(gè)月之內(nèi)回來(lái)四、at,in,on這些前置詞在表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí)均含“在”之意。at 表地點(diǎn)時(shí),指空間位置上的某一點(diǎn);表時(shí)間時(shí),指在時(shí)間上的某一時(shí)刻。in 表地點(diǎn)時(shí),指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi);表時(shí)間時(shí),指一段時(shí)間或與年、月、季節(jié)時(shí)間連用。on 表地點(diǎn)時(shí)

11、,指某物與另一物表面相接觸,或與某地方接壤等;表時(shí)間時(shí),指在某一天或某一天的某個(gè)時(shí)間,尤指在星期幾。五、before,in front of,in the front of這些前置詞(短語(yǔ)均含有“在前”之意。before 指空間位置或時(shí)間的“在前”。表時(shí)間時(shí),反義詞為after;指空間位置時(shí),其反義詞是behind。in front of 指在某地方之外的前面,即不在其中,多與靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,通?？膳cbefore通用。in the front of 指在某地方之內(nèi)的前面,即在其中的前部分A large tree stands in front of his house.他的房前長(zhǎng)有一棵大樹.Th

12、e car in front of me stopped suddenly and I had to brake.我前面那輛小汽車突然停住,我只好剎車。The speaker had a sheaf of notes on the desk in front of him.演講者在他面前的桌子上放著一疊筆記。There is a teachers desk in the front of the classroom.教師的桌子在教室的前面.六、after,behind,at the back of這些詞均有“在后面”之意。behind 1.在.后面2.在.背后3.后于; 晚于4.支持; 作.的

13、后盾There must be something behind it.其中必有隱情。The train was behind time.火車晚點(diǎn)了。I am behind him in maths.我數(shù)學(xué)不如他。The clock runs behind.這個(gè)鐘慢了。Whos the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德後面的那個(gè)姑娘是誰(shuí)? * Stay close behind me in the crowd. 在人群里你要緊緊地跟著我. * The golf course is behind our house. 高爾夫球場(chǎng)在我們房屋的後面. * a s

14、mall street behind the station 車站後面的一條小街* She glanced behind her. 她向身後看了一眼. * work behind the counter, eg as a sales assistant in a shop 站柜臺(tái)* Dont forget to lock the door behind you, ie when you leave. 別忘了出門時(shí)把門鎖上.40分鐘。after多用于表示因時(shí)間上的先后而造成順序的前后場(chǎng)合,behind則常用于僅指位置上的前后關(guān)系。請(qǐng)比較:Please shut the door after yo

15、u.請(qǐng)隨手關(guān)門。Please shut the door behind you.請(qǐng)關(guān)上你身后的門。七、by, beside, near和next to1 by和beside均表示“在旁邊”,常可換用例:There is a chair by the table. 桌子邊上有一把椅子。She stood by the window. 她站在窗邊。The hotel is beside (/by the river. 那家飯店在河邊。Come and sit beside (/by me. 過(guò)來(lái),坐在我邊上。Put your shoes beside mine. 把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁邊。2 n

16、ear表示“在附近”,表示的距離比by和beside稍遠(yuǎn)些,也時(shí)常換用例:There is a theatre near his home. 他家附近有一家劇院。Dont play near the road. 不要在馬路附近玩。There is a post office near No. 1 Middle School. 第一中學(xué)附近有一所郵局。3 next to表示“緊靠的旁邊”例:The new building next to the bookstore is a cinema. 書店旁邊的那幢新樓是一家電影院。There is a caf next to the barbers.

17、理發(fā)店隔壁是一家咖啡館?；鶖?shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一、二、三,單獨(dú)記;八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,整十基數(shù)變序數(shù),先把ty變成tie;要是遇到兩位數(shù),十位基數(shù)個(gè)位序,th最后加上去?；鶖?shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一.表示數(shù)目多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞: 二.表示順序的數(shù)次叫序數(shù)詞: 注意:Hundred thousand million名學(xué)生。們的戲劇,它太成功了。3.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣:基變序,很容易,結(jié)尾加上th。一二三特殊記,結(jié)尾各是t,d,d。八去t,九去e,f來(lái)把ve替,y改為ie,結(jié)尾仍有th。若是遇到幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以。三.基數(shù)詞的用法:1.基數(shù)詞在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ):Four of

18、 them went to the factory. 他們四個(gè)人去了工廠。賓語(yǔ):I want two. 我要兩個(gè)。定語(yǔ):There thirty classrooms in our school. 我們學(xué)校有30個(gè)教室。表語(yǔ):My classmate is eighteen. 我的同學(xué)18歲。He is only three,and he cant dress himself. 他只有三歲,不會(huì)穿衣服。同位語(yǔ):We three will go there together. 我們3個(gè)一起去。注意:1以上的基數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它所修飾的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式:The road is 16 meters i

19、n width. 這條路十六米寬。18 American students came to our school yesterday. 昨天有18個(gè)美國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)到我校。四.序數(shù)詞的用法:1.序數(shù)詞可以在句子中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ):The second is what I really need. 第二個(gè)是是我真正需要的。賓語(yǔ):He chose the second. 他選了第二個(gè)。定語(yǔ):We are carry out the first plan. 我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。表語(yǔ):She is the second in our class. 在我們班她是第二名。注意:1.The nin

20、e students are in Class Five.這九個(gè)學(xué)生都是五班的。2.The ninth student is in Class Five.第九個(gè)學(xué)生是五班的。3.序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞的常見情況:序數(shù)詞前加“a”表“再一次”。May I have a second try?我能再試一次嗎?Now tell me why you took a second arrow. 告訴我,為什么你手里拿著另一支箭?在名次中排“第幾”You should try to get a first or a second in the examination.你應(yīng)力爭(zhēng)在這次考試中得個(gè)第一、二名。表示任

21、何一個(gè)“第幾者”。We dont allow a third to have a hand in this matter. 我們不允許第三者插手此事。當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)詞”用表示“幾分之幾”。A third of the students failed in the exam. 三分之一的學(xué)生在這次考試中沒及格。五.時(shí)間表達(dá)法:1.順序法seven five 7:05 seven fifty-two 7:52 seven thirty 7:302.先分鐘后時(shí)刻法:整點(diǎn)用oclock,半點(diǎn)用half.30用to,30用past.15和45分鐘用quarter(0.25 15分鐘8 oclock 八點(diǎn)hal

22、f past eight a.m. 上午八點(diǎn)半a quarter to twelve 差一刻12點(diǎn)twenty-nine to eight 差29分八點(diǎn)twenty-nine past eight 8:29六.數(shù)詞的固定搭配:in one 合為一體one and the same 同一個(gè)on one hand 一方面by twos 成雙成對(duì)in two 一分為二second to none 首屈一指five-star 一流的;五星的at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟ten to one 十分之九 a hundred and one 許多in twos and threes 三三兩

23、兩;稀稀拉拉It takes two to do something 雙方均有責(zé)任。Two heads are better than one 三個(gè)臭皮匠,頂個(gè)諸葛亮七.年、月、日的順序:日、月、年 5 Jane 2005月、日、年Jane 5 2005in the 1990s (nineteen nineties 20世紀(jì)90年代724B.C.=seven four two B.C. 公元前724年2000A.D. 公元2000年八.年齡表達(dá)法:一個(gè)十七歲的女孩 a 17-year-old girl a girl 17 years old a girl of 17 a girl aged 1

24、7其他:416房間:Room 4161路公共汽車:Bus 1幸福大街81號(hào):No.81,Xingfu street電話號(hào)碼256-9905:Tel.No.two five six nine nine(兩個(gè)9也可表示為:double nine0(零five郵政編號(hào)100056;Postcode/Zip code one 0(零0 0 five six5.078:five point zero seven eight1/3:one-third3/5:three-fifths8%:eight percentPage120 第120頁(yè)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:三次以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”,兩倍用twice或do

25、uble。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的四十九倍。算式加減乘除表示法:加、乘算式中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),但減、除算式中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。5+6=11 five and/plus six is/are/makes/make/equal/equals eleven.254=100 T wenty-five times (multiplies four are one hundred.12-7=5 Twelve minus seven equals five.164=4 Sixteen divided by four

26、 is four.一加一等于幾?How much is one plus one? Its two.Hold on my own 堅(jiān)持住。Gold speed my love. 上上帝助我突破層層障礙。2011年9月8日星期四9:40 鄧翰生于家中UNIT 2How many和how much的用法所謂的名詞,即是指物品、動(dòng)、植物,以及地方的名稱。但有些東西是可以數(shù)得出來(lái)的,而有些則是數(shù)不出來(lái)的。數(shù)得出來(lái)的東西,便稱為可數(shù)名詞,數(shù)不出來(lái)的東西,即稱為不可數(shù)名詞。平時(shí)所見的可數(shù)名詞有椅子、桌子、人、樹木等;而根本數(shù)不出來(lái)的不可數(shù)名詞有水、空氣、感情等,但有些則是太小,或平時(shí)也沒有細(xì)數(shù)者,如頭發(fā)、

27、沙子、稻米等,亦歸為不可數(shù)名詞。依此推想,你可以想到有哪些可數(shù)名詞?哪些不可數(shù)名詞呢?試各舉五個(gè)例子:但在英語(yǔ)中,有些名詞的歸類卻不是我們平時(shí)的可數(shù)、不可數(shù)概念,如fish(魚、fruit(水果等,這點(diǎn)需要特別的注意。做筆記的方式:平時(shí)在學(xué)得一個(gè)新名詞時(shí),隨時(shí)不忘隨手在名詞后標(biāo)上注記,可數(shù)名詞記為C,不可數(shù)名詞記為U。many 和much 的差別:這兩個(gè)字雖然都是,很多的意思,但many 后面是接可數(shù)名詞,而much 后面是接不可數(shù)名詞,例:1.Do you have many books?(books 為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),故前用many。2.Do you have much homework?(

28、homework 為不可數(shù)名詞,故前用much。How many .? 的用法:我們平時(shí)說(shuō)話時(shí),總會(huì)說(shuō)或聽到這樣的句子:1.你有幾本書?(或你有多少本書?2.他有幾張卡片?(或他有多少?gòu)埧ㄆ?3.Mary 今天有幾堂課?(或Mary 今天有多少堂課?上述三個(gè)例句最大的特色是,都有幾或多少的問數(shù)量之詞,都把它們譯成英文看看,是不是也都有相似的字出現(xiàn)?4.How many books do you have?5.How many cards does he have?6.How many classess does Mary have today?若以一個(gè)表格的方式,將上述的句子做分類,你應(yīng)該可以

29、歸納出這樣一個(gè)表:How many+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞+do/does+主詞+have?其實(shí)How many ? 的使用還不只于此,上述句型中的動(dòng)詞,并不只限于have,先看看底下的例子:7.How many candies do you eat every morning? 你每天早上吃多少糖果?8.How many letters does she write every day? 她每天寫多少信?想想看:試試將底下的句子翻譯成英文。1.你每天看多少本書?2.Tom每天晚上吃多少熱狗?3.他有多少朋友呢?4.這群學(xué)生每天打幾場(chǎng)籃球賽?5.Amanda 每天讀幾科?How much .? 的用法:

30、上述的句型,因?yàn)槭怯胢any 的關(guān)系,只限用于問多少可數(shù)名詞時(shí),若是要問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí),則將many 為much 即可,例:9.How much money do you get? (你拿到多少錢?10.How much cheese does he eat every morning?(他每天早上吃多少奶酪?11.How much beef does Mrs.Chen get?(陳太太買多少牛肉?想想看:若依據(jù)How many .? 的用法,則問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的句型,應(yīng)該怎么寫呢?do/does+主詞?到第二冊(cè)第八課為止,已學(xué)過(guò)的常用不可數(shù)名詞有:fish, ice cream, mil

31、k, money, beef, cheese, chicken(雞肉, exercise(運(yùn)動(dòng), food, homework, jewelry, juice, meat, pork, tea 等。想想看:試試將底下的句子翻譯成英文。6.她有多少珠寶?7.你每天早上喝多少牛奶?8.Linda 吃多少冰淇淋?名詞所有格s形式名詞所有格及練習(xí)講解是名詞的語(yǔ)法范疇之一。它是名詞和代詞的一種變化形式,在句中表示與其它詞的關(guān)系。名詞有三個(gè)格:主格、賓格和所有格。在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加“s”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teachers book。它有兩種不同的形式:一、

32、在名詞尾加s。主要表示有生命的事物或自然界獨(dú)一無(wú)二的某些空間和時(shí)間名詞的所有格,如the worlds,the suns, the earths,todays,yesterdays等。1. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“s”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加“s”。例the boys bag 男孩的書包mens room 男廁所2. 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾又是s ,只加“”。例the workersstruggle工人的斗爭(zhēng)3. 凡不能加“s”的名詞,都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。例the title of the song 歌的名字4. 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常

33、不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例the barbers 理發(fā)店5. 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示“分別有”;只有一個(gè)s,則表示“共有”。例Johns and Marys room(兩間John and Marys room(一間6. 在復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)中,s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例 a month or twos absence7.作為一個(gè)整體的詞組,一般在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加s。例an hour and a halfs walk (步行一個(gè)半小時(shí)的路程Carol and Charlesboat (卡咯和查爾斯兩人共有的船8. 不定代詞后接else , 所有格放在else 上。例somebod

34、y elses bag9. 下列情況可以將s 所有格中的名詞省略。1名詞所有格所修飾的詞, 如果前面已經(jīng)提到,往往可以省略,以免重復(fù)。例This notebook is not mine, nor Johns, nor Peters. 這個(gè)筆記本不是我的,也不是約翰和比特的。The dictionary isnt mine, but Jennys. 這本詞典不是我的,而是珍妮的。2名詞所有格后面有指地點(diǎn)等的名詞時(shí), 有的在習(xí)慣上可以省略。例Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons.the doctors(o

35、ffice醫(yī)生的診所my uncles(house我叔叔的家10.起修飾作用的名詞,如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用s。例room number tooth brush二、另外一種所有格是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)1.名詞的所有格形式除s外,還可用of+名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞或表示兩個(gè)名詞間的所有關(guān)系。2. 使用名詞所有格須注意: 一般地說(shuō),s 所有格多用于有生命的東西,of 所有格多用于無(wú)生命的東西,但也有許多例外。1表示天體的名詞的所有格用s。例the suns heat the moons surface2表示地區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞的所有格用s。例the citys developmentth

36、e governments plan3表示度量與貨幣價(jià)值的所有格用s。例ten kilometresdistance200 dollarsworth of goods4表示“有關(guān)”非所有關(guān)系的用of 介詞短語(yǔ)。例students of the school the statue of liberty5表示同位關(guān)系的用of 介詞短語(yǔ)。例the city of Pisa6表示部分或全部的用of 介詞短語(yǔ)。例the bottom of the sea the majority of people7表示抽象概念的用of 介詞短語(yǔ)。例the cost of living the news of succ

37、ess8名詞本身帶有后置修飾語(yǔ)或含有“the + 形容詞”表示一類人,其所有格用of 介詞短語(yǔ)。例the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9有些表示時(shí)間、距離等無(wú)生命和表示世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等的名詞,也可以在詞尾加s或“”,變成相應(yīng)的所有格。例five minuteswalk 五分鐘的路程todays newspaper 今天的報(bào)紙雙重所有格即“of + 名詞s 所有格”,表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分。用于修飾of前面的名詞,但此時(shí)of前面的名詞一定要有一個(gè)a(an,two,a

38、ny,some,several,no,few,another或this,that,these, those之類的修飾語(yǔ)(這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)一般不能是one和the。雙重所有格也可由“of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成, 如: a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。例Do you know any friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us.注:在雙重所有格中,用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的,而且一般指人。例an old friend of my fathers(=one of my

39、fathers old friends我父親的一個(gè)老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨媽的可愛的孩子【鞏固訓(xùn)練】1. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms numberB. Room numberC. Rooms numberD. Room numbers解析本題應(yīng)選A。起修飾作用的名詞,如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用s。本題房間和號(hào)碼不是所有關(guān)系。2. The newly-built library is a _ buildi

40、ng.A. five-storeyB. Five storeysC. Five-storeysD. Five storeys解析本題應(yīng)選D。3. - Whose umbrella is it?- Its _.A. somebody elsesB. Somebody elseC. Somebodys elsesD. Somebodys else解析本題應(yīng)選A。不定代詞后接else , 所有格放在else 上。4. I feel terribly hot, Whats the _?A. temperature of roomB. Rooms temperatureC. Room temperatu

41、reD. Temperature of rooms解析本題應(yīng)選A。5. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A. The evensB. The EvensC. The EvensesD. The Evenses解析本題應(yīng)選B。6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sisterB. Mary sistersC. Marys sistersD. Sister of Marys解析本題應(yīng)選A。那個(gè)女孩是瑪莉的姐姐的朋友。7. The wom

42、an over there is _ mother.A. Julia and ShelleysB. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and ShelleyD. Julias and Shelley解析本題應(yīng)選A。那個(gè)婦女是單數(shù),是一個(gè)人。應(yīng)該是朱莉婭和謝莉兩人共同的母親。8. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night restB. a rest nightC. a nights restD. a rest of night解析本題應(yīng)選C。9.-Excuse me,where are _ offices?-Over there.A.t

43、eachersB.teachersC.the teachersD.the teachers解析本題應(yīng)選D。D項(xiàng)的the teachers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式,修飾復(fù)數(shù)中心名詞offices。C項(xiàng)the teachers是單數(shù)名詞所有格形式,從語(yǔ)法上講不符合上下文,并且從內(nèi)容上講單個(gè)老師擁有若干offices 也講不通,故舍之。A、B項(xiàng)前面少了定冠詞the,成了泛指的offices,無(wú)法達(dá)到交際的目的,因此也不選。10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shap

44、e into a teardrop shape.A. of the dropB. the dropsC. drop ofD. drops the解析本題應(yīng)選B。“It”是形式主語(yǔ)?！皌hat”引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是“changesinto”“把變成”。其中“into”的前后應(yīng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。很明顯A和D都不行,不能把“changes”誤作名詞。C改變了“into”的平行關(guān)系。只有B既能與前邊的動(dòng)詞“changes”銜接,又能保持“into”的平行關(guān)系。11.Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flower

45、s for our teachers.A. TeacherB. TeachersC. the TeachersD. Teachers解析本題應(yīng)選B。注意不加冠詞。2003年北京西城區(qū)、天津市和2002年長(zhǎng)沙市試題都考查了這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。12.Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two daysB. two-dayC. two-daysD. two days解析本題應(yīng)選B。注意不同的表達(dá)方式:a two daysholiday或a two-day holiday。13.This is my dress. That o

46、ne is _.A. MaryB. MarysC. sisterD. mother解析本題應(yīng)選B。one指代前面所提的dress。那件裙子是瑪莉的,表示裙子屬于瑪莉。14. The is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shopC. bicycles shopD. bicyclesshop解析本題應(yīng)選B。名詞作定語(yǔ)可分兩種情況,一是名詞所有格;二是表示中心詞的性質(zhì)、材料、類別或性別等時(shí),一般直接用名詞的單數(shù)形式,只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sa

47、les 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處指商店的性質(zhì),用單數(shù)形式,意思為:自行車商店就在拐角處,你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)它。15.The village is far away from her indeed. Its walk.A. a four hourB. a four hoursC. a four-hoursD. a four hours解析本題應(yīng)選D。冠詞、數(shù)詞、量詞和名詞連用有兩種形式:一種是a+數(shù)詞+量詞的名詞所有格+名詞,如果數(shù)詞大于“1”,量詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:a four milesjourney; 另一種是:a+數(shù)詞-量詞+名詞,這時(shí)量詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:a four-mile wa

48、lk.ExercisesI.名詞所有格練習(xí).1. _(李明的父母work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的語(yǔ)文書3. _(雙胞胎的臥室 are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父親 is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的鋼筆 ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老師.7. _(教師節(jié) is on September 10th .8. _(學(xué)生們的桌椅 are very new.9. We are very happy on _(兒童節(jié).10. He is in _(老師的辦公室 now.11.

49、 Please open _(教室的門.12. _(趙敏的鞋 are white.13. _(林紅和張蔚的學(xué)校 is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母親 are American.15. _(劉偉的妻子的朋友 is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的電腦 is broken.17. Its _(婦女節(jié) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生們的書包 ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室.20. _(我父親的和她父親的朋友 are from Beijing.II. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習(xí).1. There a

50、re _(58個(gè)學(xué)生in our class.2. There are _(65個(gè)班級(jí)in our school.3. I have _(13本書 in my schoolbag.4. Are there _(73套桌椅 in this classroom.5. Therere _(27個(gè)男生and _(31個(gè)女生 in my class.6. There are _(15臺(tái)電腦 in that room.7. My grandma is _(82歲.8. There are _(44位女老師 in her school.9. There are _(94位男醫(yī)生 in that big hospital,10. I can see _(幾只鳥 in the tree.11. _(多少幅畫 are there in you bedroom ?12. I have _(3本字典.13. Can you see _(一些風(fēng)箏 in the sky ?14. Our school has _(2個(gè)圖書館 .15. There are _(12個(gè)月 in a year.16. Pauls father is _(57歲.17. There are _(13輛公共汽車 on the street.18. We can see _(18個(gè)婦女 over th