江蘇省懷仁中學高一(下)英語被動語態(tài)教師版

1、II精誠凝聚7=成就夢想 鑼點亮心燈/(AvA)照亮人生 .鑼祓動語態(tài)語態(tài)是用來表明主語與謂西動詞之間的關系。 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài).主動語 態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表-T主語是動作的執(zhí)行者小但如 1 Scientists designed a VTl headset.被動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的承受者，即行為勵作的對象。 収語往往用噸 J 受 X “給,等詞來表示被動意義。例如 I A VR headset was designed by scientists.,、被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由“ be +過去分詞”構成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以 ask 為例說明被動語態(tài)

2、在各種時態(tài)中的構成。一般現(xiàn)在時： am/is/ are+ asked一般過去時： was/ were+ asked一般將來時：will/shall(be going to) b+ asked現(xiàn)在進行時： am/is/ are being+ asked過去進行時： was/were being+ asked現(xiàn)在完成時： have/ has beer+ asked過去完成時： had been + asked過去將來時： would (was/were going to) be + asked情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結構為：情態(tài)動詞 +be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，be+過去分詞部

3、分不變。如：The user must wear special gloves.- Special gloves_ .RealCi ne might not attract some users.- Some users_by RealCi ne.二、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：轉換圖示三、被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要說出誰是執(zhí)行者時。The house is quite old. It was built before liberati on.2. 需要強調或突出動作的承受者。Seve n people were hurt in the explosi on.3 為了使語氣

4、婉轉，避免提及自己或對方而使用被動語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使 用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。The con struct ion of the new lab must be completed by the end of n ext mon th.四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的幾個特殊情況1. 在使役動詞 have, make, let 以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等 后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式 to 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時， 要加 to.例如：The boss made my grandfather wor

5、k 10 hours a day. My grandfatherwork for 10hours a day.主動句：They riant記a忙亡亡.by賓語變主語bb過去分詞主語變?yōu)楹荌I精誠凝聚7=成就夢想 鑼點亮心燈/(AvA)照亮人生 .鑼2. 含有賓語從句的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,通常用 it 作為形式主語，從句放后。例如： We know that Britain is an island country.f_ that Brita in is an isla nd country.The teacher said that this book has bee n tran sla

6、ted into several la nguages.f_that this book has bee n tran slated into several la nguages常見的It is +過去分詞+ that句型還有It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is said that 據(jù)說It is believed that 大家相信It is suggested that 有人建議也可采用另一種形式：主語+動詞的被動語態(tài)形式 +帶 to 的動詞不定式It is said that the tech no logy beh ind RealCi ne is virtual

7、 reality.=The tech no logy beh ind RealCi ne_ be virtual reality.常用于這類句型的動詞有 say, believe, report, support, know 和 prove 等。3. 在 give, lend, offer, send, tell 和 show 等動詞后，可帶兩個賓語，分別指人和指 物。當帶有這些動詞作謂語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常用指人的賓語做句子 的主語。有時也可用指物的賓語做句子的主語。例如：They were offered headsets and gloves in the cin ema.Head

8、sets and gloves were offered to them in the cin ema.His father left him this house.fThis house_(to) him by his father.4. 含有復合賓語的主動句，賓補不變。即將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補不變。例如：They call her Xiao Li.fShe_Xiao Li.He left the door ope n.fThe door_ ope n by him.5. 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個 整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例如：l

9、ook after, listen to, lookat, pay atte nti on to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc.The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 翻譯： _The fire had bee n put out before the fire-brigade arrived._6. 某些不及物動詞 + 介詞”短語,walk into, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in,keep up wit

10、h 不能用被動。例如：That dictionary belongs to the library.7.在被動語態(tài)中，有時 get 可代替 be,女口 get changed, get dressed , get hurtPlease wait a while .I just go and get cha nged.8.下列動詞沒有被動式：happen，cost，take，have, hold(容納)lack, contain, last昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。_The hall can hold 500 people._9. 系表結構：被動語態(tài)表示動作的被執(zhí)行或承受；而系表結構表示主語的特點，性

11、質或狀態(tài) be, remain ,feel , like, stand, grow, become 等 + 過去分詞，eg,The door remained closed all day 翻譯： _The boy is determined to get the book.翻譯： _He is lost in thoughts.翻譯： _The school is located in the center of the city.翻譯： _翻譯：_此夕卜 devote, dress, hide, seat, wear, tire, lose+ onesel 介司=be + 過去分詞 + 介

12、詞 III精誠凝聚7=成就夢想 鑼點亮心燈/(AvA)照亮人生 .鑼devoted myself to look ing after my sick mother last year=_He seated himself in the ben ch. = He_in the ben ch.五、主動形式表被動意義的情況1. 系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞如：feel, sou nd, taste,look, smell 等在系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例如：Your reas on_聽 起來)reas on able.This shirt_ (摸起來)much sof

13、ter tha n that one.2. 一些不及物動詞如： ope n, close, shut, read, tran slate, wash, clea n, I ock, sell, wear,cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, carry, drive, iron, keep, pick, read, tear, write 等等，主動形式表主語的特征，不表示主語被動承受某動作。His no vel sells well._Your pen writes quite smoothly._3. 在 need(want, require,

14、deserve, etc.)doing 句型中，動名詞(doing)相當于動詞不定 式的被動式(to be done)，在意思上沒有多大差別。例如：Our classroom wants/ n eeds/ requires clea ning.=Our classroom wan ts/ n eeds/ requires_The orpha n requires looki ng after.=_值得注意的是，在 be worth doing 句型中，只能用動名詞的主動式，而在beworthy to be done 中，才能用動詞不定式的被動式，兩者不可混淆。4. 在某些性質形容詞+動詞不定式

15、的句型中，其動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動 意義。例如：The questi on is too difficult_(an swer)The box is not light eno ugh for me_ ( lift)5. 不定式 to blame, to let (出租)作表語時，主動形式表被動含義。例如：The house is to let. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.練習：一、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)1. The user can touch the objects in the

16、film.2. Many stude nts are read ing the no vel.3. The man agers will hold a meet ing in Room 3 at eight this ni ght.4. He ofte n helps Joa n whe n she is in trouble.5. The stude nts have asked many questi ons.6. Do you always send e-mails to Mr. Wang?7. I have n ever heard of the n ame.8. What does

17、the teacher ofte n tell the boys to do?9. My sister gave me a pen.10. How many books do they buy every term?二、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空1. The scie ntists say that some icebergs in the North Pole will be pulled (pull) to Iraq fordrinking purposes in the future.2. I n 1970, five wome n stayed (stay) for two weeks in

18、 an un dersea lab.3. The first highway in the world was built (build) in the last cen tury.4. The bus had travelled (travel) more than 800 kilometers before it stopped for more gasoli ne.II精誠凝聚7=成就夢想 鑼點亮心燈/(AvA)照亮人生 .鑼5. Most of the waste water can be put (put) to use aga in.6. Some stars in the sky

19、 may be see n (see) in the ni ght.7. Computer science is being taught (teach) now almost in all universities and middle schools.8. The streets are lit (light) by electricity.9. Much useful in formatio n about these pla nets has bee n collected (collect) since 1971.10. Outer space had not been explor

20、ed (not explore) by people before 1957.三、單項選擇 110 ACBAD DBDAA1. -Your job_ ope n for your retur n.-Tha nks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car_ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has bee n repai

21、red3. Customers are asked to make sure that they_ the right change before leaving theshop.A. will give B. have bee n give n C. have give n D. will be give n4. In a room above the store, where a party_, some workers were busily sett ingthe table.A. was to be held B. has bee n held C. will be held D.

22、is being held5. The mome nt the 28thOlympic Games_ope n, the whole world cheered.A. declared B. have bee n declared C. have declared D. were declared6.It is said that the early Europea n play in g-cards_for en terta inment and educati on.A. were being desig ned B. have desig nedC. have bee n desig n

23、ed D. were desig ned7. - don suppose the police know who did it.-Well, surpris in gly they do. A man has bee n arrested and_ now.A. has bee n questi oned B. is being questi onedC. is questi oningD. has questi oned8. The con structi on of the two new railway lines_ by now.A. has completedB. have comp

24、letedC. have bee n completed D. has bee n completed9. Although the causes of can cer_, we do not yet have any practical way to preve ntit. A. are being un coveredB. have bee n un coveri ngC. are un coveri ngD. have un covered10. The herosstory_ differe ntly in the n ewspapers.A. was reported B. was report ing C. reports D. reported四、 句子改錯1. I ha