定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇

1、 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選用往往是很多同學(xué)難以掌握的，但卻是高考中常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)，如果運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，也會(huì)影響到我們的寫作部分，本文將對定語從句關(guān)系代詞做一個(gè)詳細(xì)的區(qū)分，希望大家在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中可以在這方面得心應(yīng)手！一.who與that指人時(shí)的區(qū)別：1.非限制性定語從句中，只能用who不能用that。例如：His mother ,who was tired ,gave him a lesson. 2.指人的代詞those習(xí)慣用who。例如：Those who are against put up your hands. 二.which和that的區(qū)別：1、只用which,不用that的情況。1)whi

2、ch可用在非限制性定語從句中。例如：The project ,which lasted four years ,cost one billion dollars.這項(xiàng)工程歷時(shí)四年，耗資十億美元。2)which可用前置介詞賓語。例如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago.這是我們?nèi)昵白∵^的那所房子。2、只用that，不用which的情況。1)that相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when ,where,why,in the wayin which。例如：I'll never forget the Monday that /when yo

3、u first arrived.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記你初到的那個(gè)星期一！Do you know anywhere that I can get fruit? 你知道我能在哪里買到水果嗎？I like the place for the very reason that/why you dislike it.我喜歡那地方的原因，恰恰是你不喜歡它的原因。He doesn't see things the way that /in which we see them.他看問題跟我們不一樣。2)that既可指物，也可指人。例如：The people that worked on the proje

4、ct made a good effort.從事那項(xiàng)工程的人們做了很大努力。3)當(dāng)主句以here,there開頭時(shí)，常用that。例如：Here is the place that you've been looking for.這就是你一直找的地方。4)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：The first(thing)that should bed one is to get the book.應(yīng)該做的第一件事是弄到那本書。This is the best place that I've ever visit-ed.這是我

5、曾參觀過的最好的地方。5)當(dāng)先行詞是all, anything ,nothing(something除外),none ,little ,much時(shí)，常用that。例如：Is this all that's left?這就是剩下的所有東西嗎？Have you got anything that belongs tome?你有沒有拿過屬于我的東西？6)當(dāng)先行詞被no,little,only,very,the last等修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：The only thing that could be done is to find our way home.唯一能做的事情就是要找到回家的

6、路。7)當(dāng)先行詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞分別表示人和物時(shí)用that。例如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.他們談到了他們熟悉的老師和學(xué)校。8)在以which，who開頭的句子中常用that。例如：Which is the car that killed the man?撞死那個(gè)男子的小車是哪一輛？9)time是先行詞時(shí)，前面如有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)或省略。例如：This is the last time(that)I shall give you a letter. The f

7、irst time(that)I saw him was last year. 三.which ,as的異同：1.as /which都可用在非限制性定語從句中作主語或賓語，指整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分。例如：The meeting was put off ,which /as was exactly what we wanted.這次會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see.這頭大象像條蛇，任何人都能看得出這一點(diǎn)。2.as /which都可用在非限制性定語從句中作表語，指代主句中的表語。例如：She was v

8、ery patient to friends, as /which her sister seldom was.她對朋友很有耐心，她妹妹很少有耐心。3.as在非限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞必須是be或其它連系動(dòng)詞，而which不受此限制。例如：I watched the TV play yesterday, which pleased me.我昨天看了這部電視劇，這使我很高興。The president died, as /which seemed true.那位總統(tǒng)死了，這好像是真的。4.由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于句首、句中、句尾，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可位于句

9、尾。例如：眾所周知，并不是所有閃光的東西都是金子。As everyone knows, all that glitters is not gold. All that glitters ,as everyone knows，is not gold. All that glitters is not gold，as everyone knows. 5.當(dāng)非限制性定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為be announced /expected /known /imagined / pointed out /said /reported /shown等被動(dòng)形式，或usually happen, be often

10、the case等表示主句的習(xí)慣性或司空見慣之意時(shí)，常用as，而不宜用which。例如：The Chinese are working-hard, as is known to all.中國人是勤勞的，這是眾所周知的。Kate was late for school, as often happened.凱特上學(xué)遲到了，這是她常發(fā)生的事。6.which在非限制性定語從句中可以作定語，而as則不行。例如：My father asked her to send for a doctor right away, which advice she took.我父親叫她立刻派人請大夫，她采納了這個(gè)建議。

11、7.which在非限制性定語從句中可以作介詞的賓語，而as則不行。例如：I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.我叫錯(cuò)了他的名字，為此我向他道了歉。8.which可在限制性定語從句中或非限制性定語從句中修飾單個(gè)名詞，而as則不可以。The problem, which was discussed just now，put us in a difficult situation. The house which I bought last year is expensive.我去年買的那所房子很貴。四.whic

12、h與whose作定語時(shí)的區(qū)別：which與whose均可以在定語從句中作定語，但是which一般只用在非限制性定語從句中，僅指物，并且要接一個(gè)對先行詞起概括作用的泛指名詞；"whose名詞"與先行詞不表示同一事物或情況。例如：He is studying Chinese ,which knowledge is very important now. Peter spent three years in France ,during which time he learnt French. The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 注：定語從句中whose名詞the名詞of whom /which。例如：坐在那邊的那個(gè)男孩，他哥哥是個(gè)教師。The boy，whose brother is a teacher ,is sit