西點課業(yè)非謂語動詞考點綜述

1、非謂語動詞考點綜述非謂語動詞包括不定式，動名詞和分詞。它們是高中所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)語法，也是高考必考內(nèi)容。既是高考的難點又是高考的熱點。真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識：具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識，會分析句子成分。具有簡單句最基本的五種句型的知識，要分得清雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。具有扎實而豐富的動詞知識，要分得清及物動詞和不及物動詞。具備各種復(fù)合句的知識，能夠拆析復(fù)合句和長難句。1  三種非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及變化形式。不定式主動被動 一般形式（本身包含將由去做的含義）To doTo be done進行形式To be doing 完成形式To have done To have been done動

2、詞的ING 形式主動被動一般形式（本身包含正在進行的含義） Ving Being Ved 完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved (=Ved)過去分詞 done （無變化）所有非謂語動詞的否定形式都是把否定副詞not放在非謂語動詞的_前面_考點一：非謂語作狀語。非謂語動詞作狀語多表示伴隨狀態(tài)，或事情發(fā)生的原因，結(jié)果，時間，條件等。注意，作目的狀語只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +動詞原形。 解題訣竅：找邏輯主語，辯邏輯關(guān)系，析動作先后主動關(guān)系，即主語是非謂語動作的發(fā)出者被動關(guān)系，即主語是非謂語動作的承受者與謂語幾乎同時進行doing ,

3、 S+V being +done , S+V 先于謂語動作發(fā)生（已經(jīng)完成）having +dong , S+V having been +dong, S + V = ( dong, S+V) 后于謂語動作發(fā)生（將要去做，特別是表示目的）(in order (not)/ so as to(not) )to do, S+V .(in order (not)/ so as to(not) ) to be done, S+V 不定式做結(jié)果狀語的固定搭配only to do ，too +adj/adv to do， so +adj/adv as to do ， such +n as to do adj/

4、 adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果。練習(xí)：1. _that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.  A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling2 . _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 f

5、ingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved3 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _ his schoolbag and rushed out.  A. picking upB. picked up     C. to pick upD. having picked up4 _ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided

6、not to drive to Florida. A. DiscoveringB. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered5 He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope6 _ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting  &

7、#160;  D. To taste7 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible. A. not makeB. not to make    C. not makingD. do not make8 What do you think of last nights lecture?  _ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.  A. Re

8、alB. General C. FairD. Honestly9 He was so foolish _ his car unlocked in the public park last night. A to leave B that leave C as to leave D for him to leave10 When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed11 The man we follo

9、wed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see12 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told注意： 非謂語作狀語時，主語必須是非謂語的邏輯主語；如果不是，非謂語需要有在他前面加上自

10、己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，最典型的就是with +n + ving/ ved/ to do 結(jié)構(gòu) 1 In order to protect our planet, _.  A. all kinds of pollution should be reduced B. we should reduce all kinds of pollution C. the environment should be protected first D. its important to protect our environment2 The foreign tourists have v

11、isited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as interpreter.  A. the guide actsB. the guide acting C. acting D. acted3 While listening to pop music, _.  A. she felt asleep B. the light went out C. someone knocked at the door D. and she couldnt help laughing4 Having been attacked by terrorists,

12、_. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists5 _, he felt a bit nervous. A Many people looked at him B So many eyes fixing on him C With so many eyes to be fixed D with so many eyes fixed on him注意：有些非謂語動詞短語，其形式的

13、選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：generally speaking,frankly speaking, judging from, considering, given, supposing, providing / provided, takinginto considerationto be honest, to tell you the truthto make matters/things worse.考點二： 非謂語作定語解題訣竅：找所修飾的詞，辯邏輯關(guān)系，析動作先后，與被修飾的名詞或代詞是主動關(guān)系與被修飾的名詞或代詞是被動關(guān)系正在進行doing being + do

14、ne將要去做 to do to be done 已經(jīng)完成 無done 1. 作定語的不定式如果是vi，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點，工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。2. 不定式用來修飾名詞，表動作未發(fā)生。3. 不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞，最高級等限定的中心詞。練習(xí)：1 Havent you seen the sign,_ “NO PHOTOS”?  Im really sorry I didnt.  A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading2 Everyone had an application form in his ha

15、nd, but no one knew which office _.  A. to send it toB. to send it C. to be sent toD. to have it sent3 The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.  A. surprising; wouldnt know B. surprised; hadnt known C. surprising; hadnt known D. surprised; shouldnt know4 I would like to

16、buy an expensive camera.  Well. We have several models _. A. to choose fromB. of choice C. to be chosenD. for choosing5 I find these problems are easy _.  A. to be worked outB. to work them out  C. to work outD. to be worked them out6 The building _ will be completed in a month.

17、It will be our lab building.  A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painting7 Will you please tell me why you had no pen _ in class, Kate?  A. to have writtenB. to be written with C. to have been writtenD. to write with8 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected pr

18、esident is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled9 Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying10 Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he wes not the one _.A.

19、blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed11 The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt12 The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be

20、recorded D. having recorded 考點三： 非謂語動詞做補語解題技巧： 記固定搭配，辯邏輯關(guān)系不定式和分詞作賓語補足語（ we consider him to be a nice guy）或主語補足語(He is considered to be a nice guy)是考察的重點.做題時一要熟記固定搭配，還要仔細分析非謂語所表示的動作與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后問題。A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清 練習(xí)： 1 Lin

21、da is thought to_ in Africa, but I really dont know what country shes working in. A. have workedB. work     C. be workingD. be worked2 Robert is said _ abroad ,but I dont know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying3

22、The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused4 John Bell was generally considered _ the first telephone. A inventing B to invent C having invented D to have invented .B 弄清以下搭配及其意義 1.

23、 感官動詞see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的賓補有3種形式（do/doing/done），doing表主動或正在進行，done表被動或完成，do表主動和完成（被動句中to 還原）。2. leave后接3種形式做賓補。leave sb to do sth/ leave sth to be done, leave sb doing sth, leave sth undonee.g. He left, leaving me to to all the rest work. （主動，將來）We hurriedly ended our mee

24、ting, leaving many problems to be settled。（被動，將來）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. (主動，正在進行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.（被動，完成）3. have, get, make后接3種形式，表示“使，讓，叫”4. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，to do表示動作未發(fā)生（主動或被動），doing表示主動，正在進行的動作，done表示被動和完成的動作。總的原則：分析作

25、賓補的動詞與邏輯主語即句子賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再結(jié)合動作發(fā)生的時間（未發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生）來選擇合適的形式。練習(xí)：1 Don't leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2 My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 3 Helen

26、 had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard4 Laws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 5 The pilot aske

27、d all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 6 He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 7 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ i

28、n the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 8The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to

29、 carry out10 The result of the election was not made _until last Friday. A knowing B known C to know D to be known 11 The terrible gunshot sent people _ in all directions from the villagers. A to run B running C to walk D flying 12 who would you rather _with you to the park, John or Tom? A to go B h

30、ave gone C have go D going 考點四：非謂語做賓語 解題技巧：記憶動詞搭配,做題事半功倍。（有些動詞后面只能用Ving 做賓語，有些只能用不定式做賓語，有些兩者皆可。必須弄清以下常考詞的搭配、意義及區(qū)別）A: 以下動詞常用不定式做賓語agree, want, decide/ make up ones mind/determine, expect/hope/wish, manage/try, plan/intend/mean, learn, want, pretend, refuse, offer, promist, choose, ask/beg, help, affo

31、rd, strive, remain, happen, seem, appear等 have no choice but to do sth, cannot choose but do sth, can do nothing but do sth.等 告(訴)知（道）類動詞后常由wh +to do 結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語Tell/ show / explain/ teach/ advice/ discuss/ understand/ know/ learn +wh- to do sth. 練習(xí)： 1 To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch tele

32、vision; the programs seem _ all the time.  A. to get worseB. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse2 I don't know whether you happen _ it , but I'm going to study in the this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 3. Do let your mother

33、know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5 When his father came back, the boy pretended

34、 _his homework.A doing B to do C to doing D to be doingB 以下動詞只能用動名詞 做賓語advise, allow, admit, consider, deny, delay, suggest, excuse, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, practise, finish, enjoy, appreciate, mind, permit, forbid, escape, imagine, risk, recommend, resist, understand等burst out, feel like, give up

35、, end up, put off, cant help, cant stand, lead to, get used to, get accustomed, get down to, insist on, contribute to, be devoted to, make contributions to, be committed to, set about, look forward to, stick to, object to, pay attention to等be busy doing sth, have difficulty/trouble/problems doing st

36、h, have a wonderful/terrible time doing sth, there is not point/sense in doing sth 等練習(xí)：1 . I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.  A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do2 Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the c

37、ase, he would stick to his own opinion.  A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing3 The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.  A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave4 Rather than _ on a crowded bus ,he always perfers _ a bicycle. A ride ;ride B riding ; ride C ride ; to rid

38、e D to ride ; riding5 Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 6 One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 7 I really appreciate _ to relax

39、 with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. have time C. to have time D. having time 8 Sandy could do nothing but _ teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 9 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. se

40、tting up C. have set up D. having set up 10 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made）11 Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A.

41、his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 12 The first thing that probably needs _is to ask your mothers advice. A to do B to be done C being done D be done13 I had no choice but _. A do as you tell me B to do as you told me C to do what youll say D doing a

42、s you say14 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost 15 They look forward with hope _ a chance to receive further education.A of getting B to get C to getting D in getting考點五： 非謂語動詞

43、做主語和表語解題技巧： 弄清todo與doing 形式做表語的區(qū)別。歸納： doing一般表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動作，而to do一般表示一次性具體的動作。1 It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest2 Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understan

44、ding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading非謂語動詞高考題：2007年高考1. Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? （全國卷I） A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit2. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! （全國卷I）A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D.

45、 arriving 3. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全國卷I）A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. （全國卷II）A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and

46、 closed D. to open and close5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. （上海卷）A. calling B. calledC. being called D. to call6. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. （上海卷）A. being persuaded B. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuade7. Th

47、e Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. （上海卷）A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. （山東卷）Ahas been launched Bhaving been l

48、aunched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 9. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （山東卷） Ato seat Bto be seated Cseating Dseated 10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. （安徽卷）A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finishe

49、d11. Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! （安徽卷）A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking12. Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. （北京卷）A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing13. He is a student at Oxford Univer

50、sity, _ for a degree in computer science. （北京卷）A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying14. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. （福建卷）A. improvedB. improving C. to improve D. improve15. Come on, please give me some ideas

51、about the project.Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. （福建卷）A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled16. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. （湖南卷）A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved 17. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. （湖南卷）A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 18. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here. （江蘇卷）A. people smokingB. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking19. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. （江蘇卷）A. fee