英語倒裝句語法

1、Unit Unit 4 4 InversionInversion 在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時(shí)為了語是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時(shí)為了語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，或者是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，謂語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，或者是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，謂語的的全部全部或一或一部分部分卻提到主語前面，這種卻提到主語前面，這種語序叫做倒裝。語序叫做倒裝。 倒裝可分為倒裝可分為: : a.a.全部倒裝全部倒裝 b.b.部分倒裝部分倒裝 倒裝倒裝 ( (Inversion):Inversion):、部分謂語（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、連系、部分謂語（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞）在前，謂語的主體部分仍在主

2、語之動(dòng)詞）在前，謂語的主體部分仍在主語之后的句子，叫后的句子，叫部分倒裝句部分倒裝句。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.英語倒裝句分為兩種英語倒裝句分為兩種：、整個(gè)謂語在前的句子，叫、整個(gè)謂語在前的句子，叫完全倒裝完全倒裝。Here comes the car.Inversion(倒裝句倒裝句)若有主從句，哪句倒裝。部分倒裝還是完全倒裝。A. 完全倒裝完全倒裝There be +There be +主語主語There livedThere lived an old man in the mountain. an old man in the

3、mountain.There stoodThere stood an old tree front of the house an old tree front of the houseThereThere still still existexist some problems some problems 1.2. here/there/now/then + vi. +主語主語 out/in/up/down/away 在句首，表強(qiáng)調(diào)在句首，表強(qiáng)調(diào)eg: 1. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Out w

4、ent the children.注注：Here you are.Here it is.In he comes. 副詞副詞 + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ 主語主語 副詞副詞 + 代詞代詞+ 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞3. 句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組。eg: From the valley came a frightening sound. South of the city lies a big steel factory. 介詞短語介詞短語 + 謂語謂語 + 主語主語謂語通常是謂語通常是be , stand, sit , lie 等動(dòng)詞。等動(dòng)詞。4. 直接引語的全部或一部分在句首時(shí)。直接引語的

5、全部或一部分在句首時(shí)?！癉o you think my clothes fit well?” asked the emperor. Mr smith said Mary,“ May I borrow your pen?.5. 表語置于句首表語置于句首。1) 形容詞形容詞+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+主語主語 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. 2) 過去分詞過去分詞+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+主語主語 Gone are the days. 3) 介詞短語介詞短語+be+主語主語 Among the goods are Ch

6、ristmas trees, flowers and toys.6. 為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，為為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，為 了使上下文緊密銜接。了使上下文緊密銜接。a. Inside the Pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.b. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.B. 部分倒裝部分倒裝1. 用于疑問句用于疑問句 Do you understand it?2. 用于省略用于省略if的虛擬語氣條件狀語從

7、句的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句。 Had you received your lessons, you might have passed the exam. Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way. Should I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.3. adj./n./v. +as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Try as he would, he might fail again.Pretty as she is, she is not clever.=Though she i

8、s pretty, she is not clever.Child as he was, he had to make a living.= Though he was a child, he had to make a living.4. So, Nor, Neither開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句部分開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句部分 內(nèi)容，謂語時(shí)態(tài)，形式與前句一致。內(nèi)容，謂語時(shí)態(tài)，形式與前句一致。He has been to Beijing. So have I .Peter cant answer the question. Neither can I . so / nor / neither

9、+ 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+ 主語主語單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作表語提前不用冠詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作表語提前不用冠詞當(dāng)前面的句子中主語、謂語或肯否定形式不同時(shí)，當(dāng)前面的句子中主語、謂語或肯否定形式不同時(shí)， 則用則用so it is with.句型來表示。句型來表示。 Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.如果后一個(gè)句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面句子的意思，則如果后一個(gè)句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面句子的意

10、思，則不倒裝。不倒裝?！癐t is hot today.” “So it is.”“He finished it on time.” “So he did.”5.用于用于no soonerthan; hardlywhen（只倒主句，主句一般用過去完成時(shí)而從句用過去只倒主句，主句一般用過去完成時(shí)而從句用過去時(shí)。）時(shí)。）,not until （只倒主句）（只倒主句） 句型中。句型中。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his work. No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang. Hardl

11、y had I sat when he stepped in.6. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely(幾乎不幾乎不), barely, little, often, at no time, not only （只倒前面）（只倒前面）等詞放在句首。等詞放在句首。Little did he know who the woman was.Never shall I do this again.Not only is better education important for improving ourselves but also it is important fo

12、r developing our society.但是當(dāng)連接主語時(shí)不倒裝但是當(dāng)連接主語時(shí)不倒裝 Not only he but also I have kept the secret.7. 用于用于only開頭的句子；開頭的句子；(修飾副詞，介詞短語或修飾副詞，介詞短語或 狀語從句）狀語從句）,主句主句要倒裝。要倒裝。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.Only in this way can you master English.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in

13、.注：注：only 修飾主語時(shí)，不倒裝修飾主語時(shí)，不倒裝. Only he can do this work.8.sothat/ suchthat中中 so+ adj./adv或或such提前到句首時(shí)，此部分用倒裝語序提前到句首時(shí)，此部分用倒裝語序. . So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. In such a hurry did he leave that he forget to lock the door.9.9.在以在以often, always, once, many a ti

14、me, now and then, every other day, , 等作狀語的頻度副等作狀語的頻度副詞位于句首時(shí)。詞位于句首時(shí)。Often did I speak of him before.Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.Look at the following sentences 1. We will not be able to improve the situation until we know more. - Not until we know more will we be able to improve t

15、he situation. 2. Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world was among the speakers. - Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 3.We wont have enough drinking water until we s

16、top polluting our lakes and rivers.4. Sustainable development can be possible only with international cooperation. 5. We seldom think of the small changes that we can do to make a big difference. - Not until we stop polluting our lakes and rivers will we have enough drinking water. - Only with inter

17、national cooperation can sustainable development be possible. - Seldom do we think of the small changes that we can do to make a big difference. 6. We can save the earth only by changing the way we live. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth. 7. The Earth Summit is not only a place

18、to talk about problems, but also a place to find solutions for the future. Not only is the Earth Summit a place to talk about problems, but also a place to find solutions for the future. 強(qiáng)強(qiáng) 化化 練練 習(xí)習(xí) 1. _the plane.A. Down flying B. Down was flying C. Down flew D. Flew down2. Under a big tree _, half

19、asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat manCD3. She plays the piano very well._. A. So every one of us does B. Every one of us does C. So does every one of us D. So do every one of us 4. Never _such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. are hanging B. had I seen C.

20、 I have seen D. have I seen CD5. Not only _a promise, but also he kept it. A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make6. Not until he got off the bus _that he had got his wallet stolen.A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found7. Only in this way _progress in your Englis

21、h. A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to makeDBB8. _and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat9. -Where is your father? -Oh,_. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes heCA10._

22、in which they had came to the island. A. Nearby were two canoes B. Nearby two canoes were C. Were two canoes nearby D. Two canoes nearby were 11. The door opened and there _. A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man enteredAB12. Little _ when I took the trip a

23、nd _ did my brother.A. have I known; so B. had I know;neitherC. do I know; so D. did I know; neither13. Was it not _ you arrived at his house _ you discovered that he was on holiday?A.when; that B. until; did C. until; that D. when; didDC14. Many a time _ to see me while _ in hospital.A. did he come

24、; was I B. did he come; I wasC. he came; was I D. he was; I was15 .Now and then _ up to see what happened.A. did he wake B. he wake C. he wakes D. he did wake16. She is not fond of cooking,_ I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither do I D. nor do17. Early in the morning _ the news _ the Chinese Team defeated

25、 the Japanese Team.A comes; what B. came; thatC comes; that D came; whatBABB18. At the foot of the mountain_.A. lie a beautiful lake B. does a beautiful lake lieC. lies a beautiful lake D. do a beautiful lake lie19. At no time _ his personal interest first.A. should a communist placeB. a communist s

26、hould placeC. a communist placeD. does a communist placeCA20. On the wall _two large portraits. A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 21.Not once _their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did changed 22. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _so ha

27、ppy! (NMET2000春季春季)A. did I feel B. I feltC. I had felt D. had I feltCAD23.Little _about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.(上海上海1994) A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared24. Not only _ polluted but _ crowded. (上海上海1991) A. was the city;were the streets B. the cit

28、y was;were the streetsC. was the city;the streets were D. the city was;the streets wereBC25._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(上海上海1995) A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not26.So _ that no fish can live in it.(上海上海1992) A. the lake is

29、 shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow27. Not a single song _at yesterdays party.(上上海海2000) A. she sang B. sang she C. did she singCCC28.Hardly_ when it began to rain.A. had he arrived B. arrived heC. he had arrived D. did he arrive29.Mr. Smith promised to help me and_ the next day.A. neither he did B. so he didC. neither did he D. so did heAB30.Not until the bell rang_in.A. do they come B. came theyC. did they come D. they cameC31. Only in this way _ this Maths problem.A. you can work out B. can you work outC. you wil