ax2012中文用戶操作手冊(cè)固定資產(chǎn)

1、MODULE 4: ASSET TRANIONSModule OverviewA robust Fixed Asseting module requires several different fixed asset Tran ion Types, anded methods for recording those tranions.Microsoft Dynamics® AX 2012 offers several kinds of tranions to categorize and track fixed assets. In the following sections, e

2、ach Tranion Type will be discussed in .ObjectivesThe objectives are:· Use asset Tranion Types.· Use journals to manually enter fixed asset tranions.· Control fixed asset acquisition tranion creation from purchasing.· Restrict user group permissions for posting fixed asset acquisi

3、tion tranions in purchasing.· Create a fixed asset record directly from purchasing, during posting of a product receipt or vendor invoice.· Describe when the Fixed asset receipt and Fixed asset issue types will be used.· Record depreciation.· Use proposals to enter fixed asset tr

4、anions.· Discuss value adjustments for fixed assets.· Discuss fixed asset disposals.· Describe where fixed asset tranion reversals are performed.· Perform fixed asset tranion reversals.· Describe how the replacement cost factor and the insured value factor on the asset group

5、, are used to update an asset's replacement cost and insured value amounts.· Process updates to an asset's replacement cost and insured value amounts.· Copy a fixed asset.· Change a fixed asset group.· Enter a fixed asset addition.4 - 1Microsoft Official Training Material

6、s for Microsoft Dynamics®Your use of this content is subject to your current services agreementFixed Assets in Microsoft Dynamics® AX 2012ScenarioAt the Contoso Company, the ing Department maintains control of the company's fixed assets. Regardless of whether a fixed asset is acquired

7、by purchase, or assembled, or if a fixed asset is disposed of by sale or scrap, all these tran ions can be tracked and recorded in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012.Additionally, not only can acquisitions and disposals be registered, value adjustments and depreciations can also be recorded. Phyllis, the in

8、g Manager at the Contoso Company, appreciates this integrated functionality, and she plans to conduct fixed asset functionality training to the Contoso Company staff members.Typical Fixed Asset Tranion TypesFixed assets pass through multiple phases during their final life cycle.During these phases,

9、the acquisition, depreciation, value adjustments, and disposals fixed asset tranions are recorded. Now, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 offers corresponding Tranion types for these asset tranions.General Tranion Types AvailableFor the acquisition, depreciation, value adjustment and disposal fixed asset t

10、ranions, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 offers the following ed Tranion types.· Acquisition and Acquisition adjustment· Depreciation and Depreciation adjustment· Extraordinary depreciation· Value adjustments - Write up, Write down, and Revaluation· Disposal - sale, scrap, and Pr

11、ovision for reserveThe main form you can use to record these asset tranions is the Fixed assets journal, which is accessed by clicking Fixed assets, Journals, and then Fixed assets. The Tranion type field in the journal is used to differentiate between the posted tranions. Journals are also availabl

12、e for Depreciation books and Fixed asset budgets.Note: Separate ledger s must be set up on the Posting profile for each Tran ion Type.Your use of this content is subject to your current services agreement4 - 2Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®Module 4: Asset TranionsN

13、ote: When you enter tranions, you can only record entries for value m s with the same posting layer that is defined on the Journal name. Posting layers are assigned to Journal names in the Posting layer field in the Journal names form, which can be accessed by clicking General ledger, Setup, Journal

14、s, and then Journal names. Posting layers are set up on the Value m in the Posting layer field in the Value ms form, which can be accessed byclicking Fixed assets, Setup, and then Value ms.AcquisitionsYou can manage acquisitions by using the Acquisition, Acquisition adjustment, and Transfer from res

15、erve Tranion types.An asset acquisition can use the acquisition Tranion type, whether it is an external purchase or an internal posting of self-assembled assets.You can use the acquisition adjustment Tranion type when the parameter setup prohibits multiple acquisitions, or when part of an acquisitio

16、n must be posted to a special ledger .Depending on how you set up the Allow multiple acquisitions parameter, you can activate one or an unlimited number of acquisitions for each asset for each value m. You should have multiple acquisitions for each asset when you expect to post multiple tranions tha

17、t affect the acquisition value of an asset. For example, when a company purchases a truck and truck body from two vendors and it records two tranions, but the completed truck with both components becomes the actual asset.To change this parameter, click Fixed assets, click Setup, and then click Fixed

18、 assets parameters. For multiple acquisitions, select the Allow multiple acquisitions check box. If you want only one acquisition for each asset per value m , clear the Allow multiple acquisitions check box.DepreciationThere are three Tranion types that you can use to post depreciation Depreciation,

19、 Depreciation adjustment, and Extraordinary depreciation.Depreciation is a periodic Tranion type that reduces the value of a fixed asset. In some jurisdictions, a company can take the reduction in value as a tax deduction for the period.You can use the Depreciation adjustment Tranion type for correc

20、tions to, or the adjustment of, depreciation that is aly posted.Note: Remember that adjustments to depreciation and value adjustments of assets are different tranions in ing.Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®4 - 3Fixed Assets in Microsoft Dynamics® AX 2012You can

21、 use the Extraordinary depreciation Tranion type for concurrent depreciation of assets. Although Extraordinary depreciation functions the same as basic depreciation does, Extraordinary depreciation works independently from the basic depreciation. Because of this, you can posting and report Extraordi

22、nary depreciation separately from the ordinary, basic depreciation.Extraordinary depreciation is usually a one-time event. Extraordinary depreciation is set up on the Value m. In the Fixed assets journal and Depreciation books journal, there is a special depreciation proposal for Extraordinary depre

23、ciation.Typically, depreciation is posted by using depreciation profiles, that can be set up to create proposals in journals for depreciation. Depreciation can also be posted manually.Value AdjustmentsThere are three value adjustments that you can use in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Write up adjustmen

24、t, Write down adjustment and Revaluation.Write up and write down adjustments are tranion types that are posted manually in the journals, and they are used mostly to adjust the value of an asset to its current market value. You can do this, for example, to reflect an increase or decrease in the marke

25、t value of a building because of fluctuations in the real estate market.Revaluation is also a value adjustment tranion that has a corresponding tran ion type that is used to post manual revaluation tranions in the fixed asset journals.The revaluation, write up adjustment, and write down adjustment a

26、re all adjustments to the acquisition price. The ledgerfor those tranions is a balance sheet. The offset might be a profit and loss or a balance sheet, depending on the tranion.The primary reason for having revaluation as a separate tranion type is the specific functionality of Revaluation groups an

27、d Revaluation proposals, which are available for this Tranion type in the Fixed assetsjournal. However, Revaluation groups and their setup, and also Revaluation proposals, are only visible and available if country-specific features for Spain are activated.4 - 4Microsoft Official Training Materials f

28、or Microsoft Dynamics®Module 4: Asset TranionsDisposalThere are four Tranion types that you can use for disposal Disposal sale, Disposal scrap, and Provision for reserve.You can use Disposal sale and disposal scrap when the assets are no longer in use. The net book value is set to zero and the

29、asset is d for future tran ions. Sale is an external disposal, whereas Disposal scrap is considered an internal tranion.The Provision for reserve and Transfer from reserve Tranion types are not actual disposal tranions, instead they are tranions created together with the external sale of an asset. T

30、he functionality of reserves is an alternative way of ing for profit on sales of assets. Usually, when a fixed asset is sold with profit, the profit must be recognized in the year of the sale, and then it is posted to the profit and loss part of the chart of s.However, in some countries and regions,

31、 there is legislation that allows for the postponement of profit recognition (and taxation) to later years. Provision from reserve and Transfer from reserve meet those requirements.ProposalsIn addition to recording tranions manually, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 offers proposal functionality that sugg

32、ests the lines for the user to post.The following proposals are available from the lines in the Fixed asset journal.· Acquisition· Acquisition adjustment· Depreciation· Consumption depreciation· Revenue recognition of reserves· Extraordinary depreciationThe Depreciation

33、 books journal lines include most of the proposals in the Fixed asset journal, except for the Acquisition adjustment proposal. A Bonus depreciation proposal is also available.Record AcquisitionsAll fixed asset Tranion types can be recorded by using the Fixed assets journal. To use this journal, clic

34、k Fixed assets, click Journals, and then click Fixed assets. Because of the integration found within Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012, asset tranion entries for acquisitions can also bein t eral journal of teral ledger and the Invoice journal ofs payable.Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft

35、 Dynamics®4 - 5Fixed Assets in Microsoft Dynamics® AX 2012Acquisition is the initial phase of the asset life cycle. This phase offers the most options for ways to record the acquisition. All the options within the journal functionality of Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 can be used for both Acq

36、uisition and Acquisition adjustment Tranion types.Processes for the two types are identical, except for the Tranion type andTran ion text.ScenarioAt the Contoso Company, computers are ordered for new employees at the time that they sign the employment contract. Cassie, the ant at the Contoso Company

37、, receives notification that a new employee's employment has started. Cassie is responsible for making sure that the fixed asset is created and recorded correctly, and she creates the fixed asset for each computer. During processing, asset acquisitions are usually recorded at the time that the c

38、omputer invoice is posted in purchasing. At the end of each month, Cassie verifies that these acquisitions are recorded correctly, by comparing the s payable records to an Acquisition proposal.Procedure: Record Acquisitions Using teral JournalBefore the acquisition is recorded using teral journal, t

39、he fixed asset should be created. Additional ing: For more information about how to create a fixed asset, refer to the “Setup of Assets” course.To record an asset acquisition using t eral journal, follow these steps.1. From the Navigation Pane, click General ledger, click Journals, and then click Ge

40、neral journal.2. Click the New button to create a new journal.3. In the Name field, select the journal name.4. Optionally, change the Description to something easy to reference. To create the journal lines in t eral journal, follow these steps.1. Click the Lines button.2. Accept the defau ate in the

41、 Date field, or change the date if it is necessary. The number in the Voucher field will auto-populate.3. In the type field, select Fixed assets.4. In the field, select the fixed asset. The Value m on the Fixed assets tab will default based on the setup of the asset selected in the field.5. In the D

42、escription field, select text, such as acquisition.4 - 6Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®Module 4: Asset Tranions6. Enter the acquisition value in the Debit field.7. The Offset type and Offset will default based on the Posting profile (determined by the Tranion type

43、and Value m on the Fixed assets tab).8. Click the Fixed assets tab to review the values in the Tranion type and Value mfields.9. Reason codes for asset tranions are currently not required in the parameter setup. If a reason code is required, click t eral tab, and select the reason code in the Reason

44、 code field.10. Click the Post button, and then click Post teral journal.11. Click to the Infolog.12. all the forms.Figure 1: Journal Voucher FormMicrosoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®4 - 7Fixed Assets in Microsoft Dynamics® AX 2012Procedure: Record Acquisitions Usin

45、g the Fixed Asset JournalYou can also use the Fixed assets journal to post acquisitions. This journal will include tabs that display the Value ms and Depreciation books that are associated with the selected asset(s).To record an asset acquisition using the Fixed assets journal, follow these steps.1.

46、 From the Navigation Pane, click Fixed assets, click Journals, and then click Fixed assets.2. Click the New button to create a new journal.3. In the Name field, click the arrow to select the journal used for posting fixed asset acquisitions.4. Enter the description for the journal in the Description

47、 field.5. Click the Lines button.Figure 2: Journal Voucher Form6. In the Date field, accept the date, or change it if it is required.7. In the Tranion type field, select Acquisition.8. In the field, click the arrow to select the asset that will be recorded.9. The Value mwill default based on the set

48、up of the asset selected in thefield.10. In the Description field, enter text that describes the tranion.4 - 8Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®Module 4: Asset Tranions11. Because this is an acquisition, enter the acquisition value in the Debitfield.12. The Offset typ

49、e and Offset will default based on the Posting profile, which is determined by the Tranion type and Value m selected.13. On the Value ms and Depreciation books tabs, make any needed modifications. These will be populated based on the selected asset.14. Click the Post button, and then click Post the

50、asset journal.15. Click tothe Infolog form.16. all the forms.Record Acquisitions in the Inventory to Fixed Assets JournalThe Inventory to Fixed assets journal is used to record acquisition of assets that are assembled by the company, usually by using inventory items. This journal works like other in

51、ventory journals, with the addition of these fields:· Fixed asset number· Value m· Tran ion typeWhen the Inventory to Fixed assets journal is posted, one or more inventory items are taken from inventory and transformed into a fixed asset.Note: The Inventory to Fixed Assets journal is

52、set up at Inventory and wa ouse management > Setup > Journals > Journal names, inventory. Use Fixed assets for the value in the Journal type field.Procedure: Record Acquisitions Using the Inventory to Fixed Assets JournalTo record the acquisition of assets created by the assembly of other i

53、tems, follow these steps.1. From the Navigation Pane, click Fixed assets, click Journals, and then click Inventory to fixed assets.2. Click the New button to create a new journal.3. In the Name field, select the journal name.4. Click the Lines button.5. Click the Fixed asset number arrow, and then c

54、lick the asset that will be recorded. The Value m will default based on the setup of the asset.Microsoft Official Training Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®4 - 9Fixed Assets in Microsoft Dynamics® AX 20126. Click the Tranion type arrow, and then click Acquisition.7. Click the Item number a

55、rrow, and then click the Item number to be assigned to this newly assembled item.8. In the Site and Waouse fields, enter the location of the item.9. Click the Post button.10. If it is necessary, click the OK button in the Autoreservation form.11. In the Posting dialog box, select the Transfer all po

56、sting errors to a new journal check box.12. Click OK.13. Click to the Infolog form.14. all the forms.Note: Batch number, Serial number, and Quty can be changed based on the type and number of items assembled and being recorded as assets.Figure 3: Journal Lines, Inventory FormRecord Acquisitions in t

57、he s Payable ModuleIn the s Payable module, you can record asset acquisitions by doing the following:· Click s payable, click Journals, click Invoices, and then clickInvoice journal· Click s payable, click Journals, click Invoices, and then clickInvoice register4 - 10Microsoft Official Tra

58、ining Materials for Microsoft Dynamics®Module 4: Asset Tranions· Click s payable, click Common, click Purchase orders, and then click All purchase orders· Click s payable, click Common, click Vendor invoices, and then click Open vendor invoicesProcedure: Record Acquisitions Using the Invoice JournalBefore recording the acquisition, the fixed asset shou