2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí)寫作第一編第二講正確使用并列句與復(fù)合句學(xué)案含解析

1、第二講正確使用并列句與復(fù)合句增分句型（一）獨立又相依的并列句并列句是用連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接起來，這種簡單句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各個簡單句彼此獨立， 互不依從，但它們表達的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系， 通常用并列 連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號， 也可不用逗號。它的基本模式是：簡單句+并列連 詞+簡單句（一）常見并列句的類型及并列連詞連詞并列關(guān)系（遞進關(guān)系）and, when, both .and ., not only .but (also) ., neither .nor .轉(zhuǎn)折買縈but, yet, whereas, however選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise, or

2、else, either .or ., not .but .因果關(guān)系because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to對比關(guān)系while Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.一半的女孩選擇電影和電視明星作為她們的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜歡體育明星。（2018 北京高考書面表達）You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in B

3、eijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在適應(yīng)北京生活方面有困難，因此我建議你提前做好充分準備。（2017 全國卷 n 書面表達）Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.那天不僅會有這一領(lǐng)域的著

4、名藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)作的各種剪紙作品展出，而且還會舉辦許多有用且有趣的活動。（2017 全國卷出書面表達 ）If you' re interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345 or you can sign up in person.如果你感興趣,您可以發(fā)送電子郵件至 12345或親自報名。（2017 北京高考書面表達 ）Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.一些妥協(xié)是不可避免的，但視頻結(jié)果是完美的。（2016 全國卷 n 書面表達

5、 ）I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection.我知道你拍照好，并且你總是想著為環(huán)境保護做些事情。(二)使用并列句的注意事項1. not only .but also .在連接兩個并列分句時，如果 not only置于句首，not only所在 的分句需用部分倒裝語序。(2018 浙江高考寫作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little d

6、ifficulty communicating with foreigners. 首先，我不僅能說一口流利的英語，而且和外國人交 流也毫無困難。 Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他們不僅提供給了我們喜悅和興奮，還鼓勵我們批判性思考。2 .表示“雖然但是“這一轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，連接詞but不能與though/although連用。雖然我當(dāng)時很累，但是我感到非常幸福。CD Although I was very tired then but I fel

7、t very happy.( x )(2)Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.( V) I was very tired then but I felt very happy.( V)3 .表示因果關(guān)系的連詞so不與because, as等表示原因的連詞連用。因為他生病，所以他那天沒去上學(xué)。 Because/As he was ill so he didn' t go to school that day.( x) Because/As he was ill, he didn ' t go to school th

8、at day.( V) He was ill so he didn't go to school that day.( V)應(yīng)用體驗用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空(2018 北京高考書面表達 )First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(2018 天津高考書面表達)I know you once participated in the Robo

9、tics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it. (2017 全國卷ID 書面表達 )I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about ping- pong.Therefore,_I' d like to invite you to join the team. (2015 陜西高考書面表達)First, my English is very good and

10、 I'm open-minded and warm-hearted, so I'm getting along well with everyone. Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise. The young man wanted to help the dog, but. as he approached, the dog started to bark. Would you like to leave oLwould you like to stay? I had just finished m

11、y homework when Tom came to me. Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them. It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練補全句子1 . （2018北京高考書面表達）雖然外國學(xué)生在我們學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了很長時間，但他們不知道 如何沏茶。Though/Although the_foreign students have studied in_our_schoolfor a long time, theydon&#

12、39;t know how to make tea.2 . （2017全國卷n書面表達）這次展覽不僅可以幫助你更好地了解中國民間藝術(shù)作品， 而且也可以幫助你獲得一些剪紙技巧。The exhibition can not only helpyouhavea better understanding of Chinese folk art works, but can also help you acquire some paper- cutting skills.3 . （2017全國卷出書面表達）別猶豫，如果你有什么問題就問我。Don' t hesitate and ask me if

13、 you have any questions.4 . （2017江蘇高考書面表達）票價正在上漲。因此，電影業(yè)應(yīng)該做出更大的努力來吸引 更多的觀眾。The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.5 .雖然她是一位普通婦女但是確實值得尊敬。She is an ordinary woman but_she is really worth respecting.6 .因此，從現(xiàn)在起，讓我們不要在一些不重要的事情上浪

14、費時間，而要經(jīng)常與我們的 父母進行推心置腹的談話。So, from now on, let's not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant things buthave aheart-to-heart chat with our parents once in a while.7 .上課時要認真聽老師講課，否則你聽不懂他在說什么。Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can ' t_catch_what_he_is_saying.8 .她正走在大街上，這時她聽到有人叫她。She was walk

15、ing along the_street when she heard someone calling her.增分句型（二）吸引眼球的定語從句定語從句的正確使用能夠比較明顯地反映出考生對于語言具有較高的掌握能力，所以建議考生一定要在寫作中至少使用一個恰到好處的定語從句。（一）定語從句的類型1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的定語從句是寫作的一大重點，尤其是which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在高考范文中更是屢見不鮮。（2018 北京高考書面表達）Last week, we took the foreign studen

16、ts to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding. 上周，我們帶領(lǐng)夕卜國學(xué)生體驗了正宗的茶文化，結(jié)果證明非常值得。（2017 全國卷出書面表達 ）Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你會交到一些好朋友，他們也很喜歡打乒乓球。 As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.你知

17、道，中國人民是勤勞的。2 .關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句是指when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（2018 W匕京高考書面表達 ）Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.它的中國文學(xué)專業(yè)對你來說是適合的，在那兒你可以完全沉浸在中國深厚的歷史和豐富的文化中。（2014 安徽高考書面表達）I think the reason why you are alwa

18、ys angry may be the high pressure of study.我認為你總是發(fā)脾氣的原因可能是學(xué)習(xí)上的巨大壓力。3 .“介詞+ which/whom ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句（2017 北京高考書面表達）Material collecting took us a whole week, during which weinterviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.搜集材料花了我們整整一周的時間，在此期間我們采訪了老師并拍攝了學(xué)校生活的各個方面。（二）定語從句的寫法定語從句是比較難掌

19、握而又是考生在寫作中喜歡嘗試的復(fù)雜句，在寫作時可采用“三步法”：;第蘇）篤出通向 I! _I壬一二一一在中面玳句中找出一處賽修飾附同匯，這個J必薩尸珂在兩個簡件何中都要怖.|:.杷另-今荷電句改成定語從句，姿特別注意i ：I出一藥廠1關(guān)系詞的選擇. L,示例第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。 The foreigner is from Canada. He visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一處要修飾的詞匯：the foreignero第三步：用句充當(dāng)定語從句，the foreigner為先行詞指人，句中的代詞 he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主語，故

20、用 who或that作關(guān)系詞。The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.應(yīng)用體驗用定語從句將下列每組簡單句合并為一個復(fù)合句 I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.一 I_have_a_friend whose_father is_an_engineer. I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.I will go on a

21、trip to Sichuan, where there are a great number of places of interest. This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.一 This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution. I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.一I' ve_always_longed for_the_day

22、s_when_I_will be_able to_be_independent.Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.Through the course of my_schooling,I met_many teachers,two_of_whom influenced me_g _ reatly.專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練用定語從句補全句子1. （2018全國卷n書面表達）我們都知道，一起成長這部優(yōu)秀的英文短片看起來很有 趣。As_we_all_know,the

23、outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.2. （2018浙江高考寫作）我想申請這個職位的原因是我想提高我的英語口語水平，并且 幫助外國中學(xué)生更好地了解中國文化。The reason whyLwant_to_apply_for the position is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.3.

24、（2017全國卷I書面表達）我們將學(xué)習(xí)唐朝時期寫的一些中國詩歌。We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in_the_Tang Dynasty.4. （2016全國卷出書面表達）六月的最后一個周日怎么樣？那時考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，我們都 有時間。How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?5. （2016四川高考書面表達）一年中有四季，每個季節(jié)都有顯著的特點。There are four seaso

25、ns in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features6. （2015陜西高考書面表達）作為一名外向的學(xué)生，我善于同其他人交流，這使我對這 個職位感到自信。As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which makes me feel confident about this_position.增分句型（三）富有文采的狀語從句狀語從句主要包括時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式九類從句。1 .時間狀語從句常用when （當(dāng) 時），as （當(dāng)

26、時），while （在 過程中），before （在 之前），after （在 之后），since （自從 以來）,till/until （直到 ），by the time （that）（至U 時候），as soon as/the moment/no sooner .than/hardly .when （ 就 ）等連詞弓I導(dǎo)。如：（2018 W匕京高考書面表達）I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's mypleasure to show you around Beijing when that day comes.我真誠地

27、希望你的夢想成真，至U那時 我會很高興帶你參觀北京。The moment （that） the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老進來，學(xué)生們 立即停止了談話。2 .地點狀語從句常用 where （在地方 ）,wherever （無論何地）,anywhere （在任何地方 ）,everywhere （至U處）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：Make a mark where you have questions.在有疑問的地方做個記號。3 .原因狀語從句常用 because （因為）,as （因為）,since （既然）,now that （既然）,

28、seeing （that）（由于）, considering （that）（考慮到）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：（2018 全國卷出書面表達）As for me, I' m keen on basketball as it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life .就我而言，我對籃球很感興趣，因為它一直給我 力量去面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。4 .條件狀語從句常由 if （假如），unless （除非），as （so） long as （只要），on condition that （在條件下）,suppose/sup

29、posing民如）等連詞弓I導(dǎo)。如：（2018 斗匕京高考書面表達 ）If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.如果你還有其他問題，請隨時告訴我。5 .目的狀語從句常用so that/in order that （以便），in case （以免）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：（2018 W匕京高考書面表達 ）I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.我對

30、茶的傳統(tǒng)制作過程作了詳細的說明以便于他們更 好地理解它。（2016 全國卷ID 書面表達 ）We can set out early so that we will have more time to read andselect books.我們可以早點出發(fā)，這樣我們將有更多的時間來閱讀和選書。6 .結(jié)果狀語從句用so that （結(jié)果）,sothat/suchthat （如此以至于 ）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：（2016 天津高考書面表達 ）You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter wh

31、ere you are.你們?nèi)绱松屏肌Ⅲw貼，以至于我們希望成為你們的朋友，無論你 們在哪兒。7 .讓步狀語從句常用 though/although （雖然）,even if/though （即使）,no matter （what/who/how ）（無論什么 /無論誰/無論如何）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：The moral of it is to remind people not to give up easily, no matter what difficulty they meet.它的寓意是提醒人們：無論遇到什么困難，都不要輕言放棄。8 .比較狀語從句常用 as .as （和樣 ）,not s

32、o/as .as .（不比）, more .than （比更）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：I really hope you can overcome these difficulties as quickly as you can .我的確希望你能盡 快地克服這些困難。9 .方式狀語從句常用as （如,像 ）,as if/though （似乎,好像）等連詞引導(dǎo)。如： The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.這位老人跑得很快，就好像他是一個年輕人。In the following exams, we did as what we had p

33、romised.在接下來的考試中，我們按照我們承諾的去做了。應(yīng)用體驗根據(jù)提示用狀語從句補全句子只要我們有強大的信念，就能夠克服任何困難。（as long as）As long_aswehave_a strong will,_we ' ll be able to get over any difficulty.他在公司努力工作，以便于能得到提升。（so that）He worked hard in his firm, so_that_he_could get_promoted.盡管有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但臨睡前鍛煉不是個好主意。（though/although/while）Though/A

34、lthough/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_it ' s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.如果我們繼續(xù)污染環(huán)境，地球?qū)⒉辉龠m合我們居住。（if）If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth won ' t be fit for us to live in.無論我做什么，我都會盡全力做好。（no matter what）No matter what_I_do,I will try my best to d

35、o it well.既然你找到了一份工作，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會獨立不依靠父母。（now that）Now that you have got a job, you should learn to be independent of your parents.專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練用狀語從句補全句子1. （2018天津高考書面表達）我們對比賽如此感興趣，以至于我們組成了一個小組參加 比賽。We were so interested in the competition that_we_formed a group to take part in it.2. （2018天津高考書面表達）無論誰獲得機器人技能競賽的第一

36、名都會被授予金牌。The gold medal will be awarded to whoeverwinsthe first_placein the Robotics Competition.3. （2017全國卷I書面表達）由于天氣越來越熱，在室內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)是個好主意。As the weather is getting hotter and_hotter,it is a good idea to study indoors.4. （2017全國卷n書面表達）如果你對中國民間藝術(shù)感興趣，請發(fā)郵件給我。If you ' re interested in the Chinese folk ar

37、t,_please e- mail me.5. （2017天津高考書面表達）雖然這些天我在埋頭讀書，但為了提高自己，我仍然參加 了幾個學(xué)生俱樂部。Though/Although（I_am）_buried in_books these_davs, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.6. （2016江蘇高考書面表達）當(dāng)人們被要求做他們不想做的事情時，他們可能感到被強 迫。People may feel forced when asked to do things that_they_don &#

38、39; t want to.7. （2015北京高考書面表達）這是如此激動人心的一次活動，以至于我們都玩得非常愉 快。It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.8. （2015四川高考書面表達）每天晚上，我們可以通過視頻聊天相互聯(lián)系，用英語聊半 個小時，再用漢語聊半個小時，以提高我們的口語。We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Ch

39、inese, so that we can improve our_oral_speaking.增分句型（四）靈活好用的名詞性從句名詞性從句是高中階段重要的語法項目之一，也是寫作中常用的高級表達方式。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。（一）名詞性從句的連接詞1.從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句名詞性從句的從屬連詞在從句中只起連接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。（2018 全國卷 I 書面表達 ）What I want to stress is that you'd better bring some gifts.我想強調(diào)的是你最好帶一些禮物。（2017

40、全國卷 I 書面表達）Would you tell me if/whether it's convenient for you ?你能告 訴我你是否方便嗎？2.連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句名詞性從句的連接代詞在從句中起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語、 賓語、同位語，主要包括 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等。（2017 全國卷 I 書面表達 ）To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start

41、our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 : 00 a. m.next Friday.首先，我想強調(diào)的是下周五上午十點鐘我們將在教學(xué)樓的8號教室開始我們的下節(jié)課。3.連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句名詞性從句的連接副詞在從句中起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，主要包括how, when,why, where, however, whenever, wherever 等。（2018 全國卷 I 書面表達 ）When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noi

42、ses while chewing food , which is where you should pay attention.當(dāng)你享受這頓飯的時候，你需要避免咀嚼食物時發(fā)出聲音，這是你應(yīng)該注意的地方。（2018北京高考書面表達）Then I showed them how to make tea.然后我展示給他們怎樣 泡茶。（二）名詞性從句的寫法在寫作中，如果能夠把兩個簡單句合并為一個含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，或者把一個簡單句擴展成為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，對寫作都是一種質(zhì)的升華。名詞性從句在寫作時可采用“三步法”： M 一一 一1丐山兩個簡地句.讓一個偏單句作從句.要注益和另一個旬子的:關(guān)

43、聯(lián)性.耙兩個旬f仆井為電仆句，師特利注意建掩詞I的選樣和隊句的譯序. a hb » T示例第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。 He said a lot at the meeting. His words were very attractive.第二步：用句作主語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“他在會上所說的話"，即 What he said at themeeting o第三步：把句轉(zhuǎn)換的主語從句和句連在一起。What he said at the meeting was very attractive.應(yīng)用體驗用名詞性從句將下列每組簡單句合并為一個復(fù)合句 Shall we go picnick

44、ing tomorrow? It depends on the weather.f Whether we shall go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.This is my decision.All of us are to start at 7 : 00 o' clock tomorrow morning.一 My_decision is_that all_of_us_are_to_start at_7 : 00_o' clock_tomorrow morning.When did you enter the room ? The police wants to know it.f The_police wantsto know when you entered the r