高中英語(yǔ)：Unit1-《Suffering-to-be-beautiful》—grammar學(xué)案(牛津上海版S2A)

1、1111Unit1 Suffering to be beautiful -grammar學(xué)案一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容專題復(fù)習(xí)3動(dòng)名詞（2）分詞二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)歸納總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中動(dòng)名詞和分詞的用法三. 教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)不定式和動(dòng)名詞后接賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別四. 具體內(nèi)容（一）動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)特殊情況 1. 有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以， 它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。 2. 能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有： avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, m

2、ind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help等。 能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有： decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget,

3、 regret, try, deserve, start動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。 I like to go with you. 我想和你一塊兒去。 I like reading. 我喜歡閱讀。 He promised to help her. 他答應(yīng)過(guò)要幫助她。 We love watching VCD. 我們喜歡看VCD。 3. remember，forget，regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 I remember meeting him i

4、n the street. 我記得在街上見過(guò)他。 I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起來(lái)要給我父母親寫信。 4.“stop + 動(dòng)名詞”表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來(lái)做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。 Stop smoking, please. 請(qǐng)不要抽煙。 Lets stop to have a rest. 咱們停下來(lái)休息一下吧。 5. 動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別： 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 reading text 閱讀課文（動(dòng)名詞

5、） developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家（分詞） a sleeping bag 睡袋（動(dòng)名詞） boiled water 開水（分詞） 分詞是一種動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.（climbing.動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。Do you know the man wearing a white shirt ?（wearing .分詞起形容詞作用） 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎？He ge

6、ts up early to catch the first bus.（to catch .不定式起副詞作用） 他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。 分詞：分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。 working workedwashing washed 分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing 。 而過(guò)去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加ed。分詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 分詞作定語(yǔ)： China is a developing country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。 Thats an inte

7、resting story. 這是一個(gè)有趣的故事。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。 作定語(yǔ)的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后， 如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。 The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在這次活動(dòng)中起主要作用。 The boy hurt by the car was sent to the

8、 hospital immediately. 被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 There is nothing interesting. 沒(méi)什么有趣的事。 分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞） a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （動(dòng)名詞） 分詞作狀語(yǔ)： Being a student, he likes to help others. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他喜歡幫助別人。 Wearing a new pair of glasses,

9、she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼鏡，她看書就好多了。 She is there waiting for us. 她在那兒等我們呢。 Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 經(jīng)老師一說(shuō)，她知道自己不對(duì)。 分詞作表語(yǔ)： The story is interesting . 故事有趣。 We are interested in computer. 我們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)感興趣。 The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 The water is boiled. 水是開的。分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see

10、, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。 have 后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用過(guò)去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut. 我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)） She has her bike repaired. 她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的） Th

11、ey have their house rebuilt. 他們重修了房子。 分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下來(lái)等著。 Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 小女孩沒(méi)完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。 Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stoppe

12、d playing. 看到老師進(jìn)來(lái)，學(xué)生們停下來(lái)不玩了。 Coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后，他就躺在床上。 分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。Having received a letter, I knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。 Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. 晚飯后，我出去散步了。 Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the

13、sky. 他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。 分詞的被動(dòng)形式：分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The entertainment building being built will be completed next year. 正在建設(shè)的娛樂(lè)大樓明年完工。 【典型例題分析】1. This is one of the experiments _ in our laboratory.A. being madeB. makingC. to doD. having made2. The meeting _ this evening is of great impor

14、tance.A. holdingB. heldC. to holdD. to be held3. _ several kinds of machines, the workers went much money.A. ProducedB. Producing C. Having producedD. To produce4. _ , Ill go over all these lessons before the exam.A. The experiment having done B. The experiment makingC. The experiment having been do

15、ne D. The experiment made5. _ how to pronounce the word, he stopped _ a dictionary.A. Not knowing ; consult B. Knowing not; look it up toC. Not knowing; to consult D. Knowing not; looking it up to 答案：1. A 本題考察分詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2. D 本題考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中不定式的用法，表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生。3. C 本題考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，分詞的完成式表示限語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。4. D 本題要注

16、意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。A,D 都是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；B,D 都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中B 表示主動(dòng)，D 表式被動(dòng)。5. C not 要放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。另外要注意stop to do 和stop doing 的區(qū)別?！灸M試題】1. Who are going to have _ this letter for you?My secretary.A. type B. typed C. been typed D. been typing2. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him _ for it.A. not s

17、o much B. not so little C. no more D. no less3. She was trying to make a final statement, but people kept _ her speech by shouting.A. taking out B. putting off C. giving up D. getting along4. Have you ever worked with tape recorder?I _ it a lot when I was studying French in school.A. used B. was use

18、d C. have used D. had used5. Lets see if the baseball game has started yet.Started? It must be clear who _ by now.A. is winning B. wins C. has won D. would win6. Where do you think _ he _ the computer?Sorry. I have no idea.A. / ; bought B. has ; bought C. did ; buy D. had ; bought7. Im sure youd rat

19、her he stayed in Spain , _?A. wouldnt you B. arent I C. didnt he D. hadnt you8. The flowers in the garden look _ and smell _.A. wonderful ; sweet B. nice ; badly C. beautiful ; better D. good ; well_ big swimming pool in our school was completed in _ May of 1998, not in _ April, 1996.A. A ; / ; / B.

20、 The ; the ; / C. A ; the ; / D. The ; / ; /10. Has the doctor arrived yet?No, she _ an hour ago.A. has to come B. ought to have come C. should come D. used to come11. Have you got a ticket for the football match?No. The price was too_ .A. high B. expensive C. great D. dear12. How often do you go to

21、 the library?_.A. In two days B. Every few days C. Each third day D. Every a few days13. Oh, no! Its a quarter to six already and Ill miss 6 oclock train._. That clock is half an hour fast. You have enough time to catch itA. Hurry up B. Dont make a joke C. Take care D. Dont worry14. With your help I

22、ve won the girls 100 meters. Thank you._.A. With pleasure B. The same to you C. Its a pleasure D. Thats rightWhat the teacher and the students want to say _ either of the countries _ beautiful.A. are ; are B. is ; is C. are ; is D. is ; are16. Ill go to the market with my father next week. Were goin

23、g to buy some _ glasses.A. lovely old French B. old lovely FrenchC. French old lovely D. old French lovely17. The soldiers bedded down in a small old house near the river. Bedded down means_. A. were tired out B. were seriously ill C. settled for the night D. had a rest18. What do you think of the c

24、ontest?I was told that the English Speech Contest _ successfully last night.A. went along B. went down C. went off D. went on19. You have made a few mistakes in your composition but _ you have done well.A. first of all B. on the whole C. on the other hand D. generally speaking20. _ we had been looki

25、ng forward to.A.Then came the hour B.Before Rose the new teacher stoodC.When the hour cameD.After Kate stands the new teacher21. What are you doing, Jim?Im _ telephone to my friend in London.A. on the B. in the C. on a D. for a_ Mary _ Rose know nothing about the matter, for they didnt come to the m

26、eeting yesterday.A. Either ; or B. Both ; and C. Neither ; nor D. Not only ; but23. _ I return the dictionary within three days.?No, you _. You _ it for five days.A. May ; neednt ; can borrow B.Can ; mustnt ; would haveC.Must ; dont have to ; can keepD.Shall ; cant ; should read24. My teacher often

27、said in class, “ Lets _ in English.”A. say B. talk C. speaking D. tell25. _ fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in summer!A. What a B. How C. How a D. What26. The driver kept _ about the accident _ lose his job.A. still ; in order to not B. quiet ; not so as toC. silent ; so as not to D. ca

28、lm ; in order not to27. Id like to invite you to a concert this evening.Thank you, but _ Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.A. while B. if C. when D. whether28. Which is wrong?A.You must have studied English for years, havent you?B. Pass me a book, dont you?C.He must have arrived yesterday, didnt

29、 he?D.Everybody is here, arent they?29. Mum, Im going to visit my aunt. What about a week?A week is too long. Try to be back in a of days.A. number B. dozen C. couple D. score30. The hero said, “ One should love _ country!”A. her B. its C. their D. ones31. Whats the matter with you?_ the window, my

30、finger was cut unexpectedly.A. Cleaning B. To clean C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning32. _ my finishing reading the magazine, you can have it _.A. On ; immediately B. At ; quicklyC. For ; fortunately D. With ; likely33. I kept looking at the man, wondering _.A. whether I have seen him before

31、 B. whether I had seen him beforeC. that I had seen him before D. when I had seen him before34. _, when he was already _, he started to learn English.A. In the 1980 ; thirties B. In the 1980s ; in his thirtiesC. In the 1990 ; in thirties D. In 1990s ; in the thirtiesHold on a minute! Mr. Red is comi

32、ng. He is in the next room. The underlined part above means: A. Dont hang up the phone . B. Put up the phone .C. Take down the phone . D. Hand in the telephone .36. Who knocked at the door?Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was.A. he B. that C. she D. it37. Apples

33、 are usually sold by _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen .A. the ; the B. / ; a C. / ; the D. the ; aI _ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think Ill make it every week from next month.A. am having B. have had C. have D. have been having39. Its too late to go out now. _ its starting to rain.A. Besides B. Meanwhile C. However D. Anyhow40. If you listen to me, you _ have some candies, honey.A. shall B. may C. will D. must41. I always look out when crossing the street.Youre right. You cannot too _.A. nervous B.