現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相關(guān)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、第一講 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Summary: 英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)有四種：一般時(shí)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成公式為：have/has+過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成公式為：have/has been +現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本例句:1) We have lived here since1995.2) I have been to Japan twice.3) Joan has just finished her homework其中，(2)(3)描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生而與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)的事物或狀態(tài)，（1）描述的是從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時(shí)間中發(fā)生的情況。 總之，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

2、表現(xiàn)的是從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的事情。一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式 A現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句句型：主語(yǔ)（I、we、you第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）+have+過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過(guò)去分詞例：1）I have been busy all the day.2) My father has read todays paper.3) I have just written the letter.B現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句型：主語(yǔ) + have/has + not + 過(guò)去分詞例：1）The concert hasnt/has not started yet.2)They havent gotten to London

3、 yet.C現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句例：1）Has the concert started?2) Have you friend your homework?D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，分兩種情況a. 疑問(wèn)句詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句型：疑問(wèn)句（主語(yǔ)）+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+？例：1）Who has/have bought these apples? 2)Who has made her so sad?B疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)以外的成分時(shí)句型：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+？例：1)How long have you live here?2)How many times have you been to

4、 Spain?二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1、概述形式 have/has過(guò)去分詞用法意義繼續(xù)表示從過(guò)去繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)經(jīng)驗(yàn)表示過(guò)去某一是可到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)完成表示現(xiàn)在剛完成的動(dòng)作成果表示現(xiàn)在是“做了”的結(jié)果例：1）繼續(xù) He has been sick since last week.2) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) I have visited Tokyo twice. Have you ever been to Hawaii?3) 完成 I have just finished my homework. Has he finished his work yet?4) 結(jié)果 My father has become a

5、 lawyer. I have lost my dictionary.下面分別闡述其用法2、表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例：1）肯定句：Li Mings elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years. 2)否定句：We havent seen each other all this month. 3)疑問(wèn)句：How long have you know your boy friend?A基本用法表示繼續(xù)意義的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也就是說(shuō)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時(shí)，往往

6、用和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例：1）I began to study English three years ago.(過(guò)去試) 2）I still study English now.(現(xiàn)在式) 3）I have studied English since three years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去某時(shí) 阿圖示： 現(xiàn)在時(shí) 牢記：表繼續(xù)的動(dòng)詞have known 已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)了 have studied 已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了have worked ； have been to； have used ；have taught ；have stayed;have wanted t

7、o; have lived B常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，常和下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用for+時(shí)間 since+過(guò)去某時(shí) all this week often today recently all dayup to now 直到現(xiàn)在 so far 到目前為止lately always till/until now in the past yearsthese daysthis weekduring the past （years、month）3、表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例：1）肯定句：I have seen the film three times.2) 否定句：Ive never seen t

8、he film.3)疑問(wèn)句：Have you ever been to U.K.?A基本用法表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明從過(guò)去起到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)或做過(guò)的事情。B常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many timesC have/has been的用法形式意義用法Have/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”經(jīng)驗(yàn)表示“到 去過(guò)了”完成Have/has been in表示“曾在”經(jīng)驗(yàn)表示“一直在”繼續(xù)例：a. have been toI have been to the summer pala

9、ce twice.(經(jīng)驗(yàn))I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完成) b. have been inHave you ever been in America?(經(jīng)驗(yàn))We have been in home for the whole day.(繼續(xù))插曲：be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不管主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)都要用been表示例：We have been tired these days區(qū)別：I am happy.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） I was happy.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)） I have been happy.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）4表示完

10、成，結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例：1）My father has just gone out.(結(jié)果) 2）I have closed the window.(完成) 3）Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(結(jié)果)A表示完成的用法Ive just finished my homework.They have gone to GuiLin.B表示結(jié)果的用法例1、(1)I opened the door. (2)The door is open now. (3)I have opened the door.例2、（1）John bought a dictionary. (2)Now J

11、ohn has a new dictionary. (3)John has bought a new dictionary.牢記：表結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞。make become go come lose grow sell buy fallC常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（副詞）already just yet句末 句中三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)1、just now和just的區(qū)別 just now用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)just用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例：1）We had an English lesson just now.2) We have just had an English lesson.2、today等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

12、的運(yùn)用運(yùn)用today，this morning，this afternoon等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體情況而定。例：1）He didnt do his homework this afternoon.他今天下午沒(méi)有做功課。 He hasnt done his homework this afternoon.他今天下午還沒(méi)有做功課呢。 2）He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didnt catch the bus. 3)He has been very busy today.（截至到說(shuō)話時(shí)，仍是在今

13、天，他們很忙）3、幾種時(shí)態(tài)表示同一意思例：1)He left china two years ago. 2)It is two years since he left china. 3)He has away from china for 2 years.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)速或完成；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的未結(jié)束和繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。例：1）I have opened the can. 2) I have been writing the letter since then.1、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式：1）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

14、態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+have/has been+過(guò)去分詞(done)例：Have you been waiting for him all the day?2、用法a.在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例：Ive been writing the composition for two hours,but I havent finished it yet.b. 動(dòng)作不包含持續(xù)意思的動(dòng)詞，要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。例：The artist has been painting the painting.c. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來(lái)表示一種在現(xiàn)在以前這個(gè)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的事。例：He has promsing me to help you.Hasnt he done it?d. 有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1）表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 be， have，exist2）表感情的動(dòng)詞 like，love，hate，detest3）表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞 see，hear，know，feel，sound例：1）He has ha