軟件配置管理-

1、軟件配置管理王青中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所 提綱軟件配置管理的目的建立配置基線控制配置變更審計配置完整性 軟件配置管理的目的在整個軟件生命周期通過配置識別、配置控制、配置狀態(tài)檢查和配置審計,建立和維護(hù)工作產(chǎn)品的一致性和完整性涉及:識別給定點(diǎn)的配置項(xiàng),形成基線控制配置項(xiàng)變更維護(hù)配置基線的完整性提供配置狀態(tài)報告 Importance of Configuration ManagementEstablish and maintain the integrity ofwork products through life cycleAddress both software (such as code and

2、documentation (such as requirementspecificationInvolve識別確定時間點(diǎn)的需要的軟件配置控制配置的變更維護(hù)產(chǎn)品的完整性和可追溯性 Benefits of Configuration ManagementRequirement, work products are controlled and stablePrecise status of a system at any point can be understood in timeRequirement can be traced up and downRelease version and

3、contents are knownChange impact could be known before it is implementedThe previous version could be re-created when necessary 配置管理混亂的典型征兆我們修改了這個Bug,但它又回來了!為什么?我們怎樣才能擺脫這種困擾?已經(jīng)發(fā)布產(chǎn)品的源代碼不能無錯編譯了,或者再編譯后,目標(biāo)程序不能工作了我們不知道產(chǎn)品3.1版中用了模塊的哪一個版本?用戶參考手冊與實(shí)際軟件不一致? 提綱軟件配置管理的目的建立配置基線控制配置變更審計配置完整性 配置基線 Configuration Iden

4、tificationSoftware Configuration Itemany item that is produced or used in the development processor is incorporated in the product配置項(xiàng)包括交付給客戶的產(chǎn)品,指定的內(nèi)部工作產(chǎn)品,采購的產(chǎn)品,工具,創(chuàng)建和描述這些工作產(chǎn)品需要的其它配置項(xiàng)Examples:specificationsource codetest casescompilerDatabaseUser manual識別要素:配置準(zhǔn)則,唯一標(biāo)識,主要特征,配置進(jìn)入時間,擁有者職責(zé)Software Configu

5、rationall configuration items that define the product 采購品、工具配置管理Commercial off-the-shelf software (COTSperform acceptance test before placing underSCM and releasingVendor-supplied software (e.g., compilermust evaluate impact on existing software Non-deliverable software (e.g., test driversmust be pl

6、aced under SCM before first usechanges must be approved by Project Manager 建立基線A baseline is a collection of configuration items that:have been formally reviewed and agreed toserve as the basis for further workcan be changed only through formal change control proceduresDifferent baselines may be:est

7、ablished at different times during the development cyclecontrolled by different change authoritiesA baseline must be created and released from CMsystem 常用的基線 Example 建立CM系統(tǒng)一種提供配置管理的機(jī)制或者軟件系統(tǒng)配置訪問權(quán)限管理配置項(xiàng)的check in/ check out配置項(xiàng)版本管理配置基線發(fā)布配置變更控制配置審計 配置管理域組織通常需要建立多個不同目的的配置域基線域開發(fā)域測試域客戶域不同的域可以用不同的配置管理系統(tǒng) 支持工具

8、很多成熟的配置管理工具商業(yè):PVCS、Clear case、Filefly,JBCM,SYNERGY,SourcesafeMany OthersOpen SourceCVS, SubversionOthers 提綱軟件配置管理的目的建立配置基線控制配置變更審計配置完整性 控制變更 Track Change RequestsChange request should be recordedChange request databaseProposed changes must be evaluated andreviewed before they are implementedAnalysis

9、 could be incorporated in change requestrecordsTrack the status of change request to closure Example-Change Request Form Define Change authoritiesChange authority for formal baselinese.g., customer requirements, operational baseline Functions:ensure changes are classified and evaluatedreview and app

10、rove proposed changesensure that only approved changes are implementeddetermine the priority for incorporating changes Configuration Control Board (CCB:Project ManagerSCM LeadSQA Leadsenior developerscustomer representative Control the ChangeChange is inevitable!correct problemsimprove the productRi

11、gorous change control required for all items under configuration controlIntent is not to prevent change, but tomanage it 變更控制流程 提綱軟件配置管理的目的建立配置基線控制配置變更審計配置完整性 維護(hù)基線的完整性Configuration Recordsprovide a full accounting of the current configurationmaintain a record of all changes to the configurationrepor

12、t the status of all open configuration change requests and problem reportsConfiguration Auditsensure that items to be placed under configuration control meet quality requirementsthe integrity of a baseline is verified before it is released for useensure that baselines are released in a controlled ma

13、nner Configuration auditDefinitionVerify that a configuration item, or a collection ofconfiguration items that make up a baseline, conforms to aspecified standard or requirement.Functional auditVerify that the development of a configuration item has been completed satisfactorily, that the item has a

14、chieved theperformance and functional characteristics specified in thefunctional or allocated configuration identification, and thatits operational and support documents are complete andsatisfactory.Physical auditVerify that a configuration item, as built, conforms to the technical documentation tha

15、t defines and describes it. Configuration Records配置管理的詳細(xì)信息基線版本基線中配置項(xiàng)的版本連續(xù)基線的差異修訂狀態(tài)和歷史配置項(xiàng)訪問log Configuration Audit配置審計的進(jìn)度需要在CM計劃中明確 評價基線的完整性確定記錄和內(nèi)容的一致性評審配置項(xiàng)的完整性確認(rèn)與配置管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和過程的符合性 跟蹤審計發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷審計人員:必須有適當(dāng)?shù)那懒私獯龑彯a(chǎn)品必須有合適的技術(shù)資格 配置審計checkpoints1. all authorized changes have been incorporated2. related items have been updated3. no unauthorized changed have been incorporated4. appropriate status accounting entries have been made5. each new or changed item completed its quality checkpoint6. the deliverable items are consistent with softwarerequire