2013屆中考英語(yǔ) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)3

1、句型轉(zhuǎn)換每年的中考試卷中，“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”題所占分值較大，是為了全面考查學(xué)生在初中階段所學(xué)的詞匯（同義或反義）、短語(yǔ)、句型和語(yǔ)法等方面的知識(shí)及其它的之間的靈活運(yùn)用能力。.題型介紹所謂“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”就是先給一個(gè)完整的句子A，再根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求（有時(shí)沒(méi)有明確，須自己觀(guān)察），在第二個(gè)句子B的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來(lái)完成的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。.題型分類(lèi)從形式上看，有如下幾種形式：某一詞或詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換；詞組與句子的轉(zhuǎn)換；同義句型的轉(zhuǎn)換；為糾正常犯語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的題目。從內(nèi)容上看，此題型涉及的面較廣，主要有：句子功能方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。包括陳述句（肯定與否定）、四種題疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換；句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。即簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句、

2、并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；常用句型與詞匯手段的轉(zhuǎn)換。.具體分類(lèi)如下一、陳述句與疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句間的轉(zhuǎn)換1、陳述句中肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，大部分是用not來(lái)改變謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，但也有借用否定意義的詞，如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等，例如：A：Tomdoeswellinmaths.B：Tomdoesntdoinmaths.A：Hehasmuchtodo.B：Hehasnothingtodo.A：Allofmyclassmateslikeart.B：Noneofmyclassmateslike

3、sart.2、改為疑問(wèn)句。根據(jù)上下句的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞的減少，來(lái)判斷變?yōu)槟囊环N形式的疑問(wèn)句。例如：A：Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.B：Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?A：TomsalreadyweakinEnglish.B：TomsalreadyweakinEnglish,isnthe?A：Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.B：Howoftendoestheredlightchange?3、改為感嘆句。根據(jù)所給的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞的詞性，來(lái)確定使用哪一種感嘆句的形式，例如：A：T

4、hisisaninterestingbook.B：Whataninterestingbookthisis!或Howinterestingthisbookis!二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)上句，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)意思相同（或相近）的下句，此類(lèi)形式繁多，內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，涉及面廣，歸類(lèi)如下：1、同義詞或詞組之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。（通常上下句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致）。常見(jiàn)的同義詞或詞組有：(1)四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”（spendtakecosttake）；(2)三個(gè)“到達(dá)”（gettoreacharrivein/at）；(3)四個(gè)“收到來(lái)信”（hearfromgetaletterfromreceivealetterfromhavealetterfrom）

5、；(4)兩個(gè)“擅長(zhǎng)于”（begoodatdowellin）；(5)兩個(gè)“有空”（befreehavetime）；(6)三個(gè)“入睡”（gotosleepgettosleepfallasleep）；(7)兩個(gè)“玩得開(kāi)心”（enjoyoneselfhaveagoodtime）；(8)“給打電話(huà)”（callsbtelephonesbringsb.acallmakeatelephonetosb.）(9)“飛往”（flytogotobyair/plane）(10)“自學(xué)”（teachoneselflearnbyoneself）(11)在方面幫助helpwithhelp(to)do(12)在差beweaki

6、ndobadlyin(13)能/會(huì)canbeableto(14)更喜歡likebetterthanpreferto(15)充滿(mǎn)了befullofbefilledwith(16)放棄干giveupdoingstopdoing(17)不再nolongernotanylonger(18)照顧/保管takecareoflookafter(19)展覽onshowondisplay(20)阻止干stopfromdoingkeep/preventfromdoing(21)由于thankstobecauseof(22)舉手handsupputuponeshands(23)最后，終于atlastintheend

7、(24)與不同bedifferentfrombenotthesameas(25)從借入borrowfromlendto(26)乘公汽/火車(chē)/的士gotobybus/train/taxitakeabus/train/taxito(27)乘自行車(chē)去gotobybikerideabiketo(28)為感到自豪beproudofbetheprideof(29)步行去walktogotoonfoot(30)獨(dú)自地byoneselfalone等。例如：A：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.B：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.2、同

8、義句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。常見(jiàn)的同義句型有Itseemsthat從句Somebodyseems（tobe）+adj/nItskindofsb.todoSomebodyiskindtodoWhatdoesmean?Whatdoyoumeanby?或Whatsthemeaningof?ThereissomethingwrongwithSomethingiswrongwithnotuntil與when/after/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Whatswrongwith?Whatsthematterwith?Howis?Whatslike?Howdoyoulike?Whatdoyouthinkof?

9、 ItstimethatItstimeforsb.todoItssaidthatPeoplesaythatCanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?例如：A：IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.B：IdidntgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.3、if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：A：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,theyllgotothepark.B：Unlessitrainstomorrow,theyllgotothepark.A：Ifyoudonthurry,youllbelate.B：Hu

10、rryup,oryoullbelate.A：Fishcantliveifthereisnowater.B：Fishcantlivewithoutwater.4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的一句多譯。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用，必須改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換有：buyhave,borrowkeep,diebedead,openbeopen,joinbein+組織/bea+成員,beginbeon,leavebeawayfrom,closebeclosed,arrivein/getto/come/gotobein/at,finishbeover,gotosleepbeasleep，

11、getupbeup.例如：Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.Itsfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.5、簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：A：Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.B：Isawthemplayingfootballontheplaygro

12、und.A：Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.B：Theteacherfoundherveryclever.A：HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.B：HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.A：Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.B：Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.由疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)句+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?B：Coul

13、dyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?A：Wedontknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedontknowwhattodonext.由when/after/before/while/since/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing例如：A：Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.B：Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.A：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecame

14、toChina.B：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.Whensb.+be+數(shù)詞+yearsoldattheageof+歲數(shù)A：Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.B：Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.由sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為tootodo或enoughtodo例如：A：TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.B：Theboxistooheavyfor

15、metocarry.或：Theboxisntlightenoughformetocarry.A：Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.B：Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.由sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為inordertodo例如：A：Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.B：Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為becauseof例

16、如：A：Wedidntgototheparkbecauseitrained.B：Wedidntgototheparkbecauseoftherain.定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)。例如：A：ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.B：ThemanonthebikeisJim.A：Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.B：Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.A：ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.B：ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.6、用并列連詞neitherno

17、r；eitheror；bothand；notonlybutalso連句。例如：A：IhaventseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasnteither.B：NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.A：Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.B：TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.neithernor,eitheror和notonlybutalso連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依靠近它的主語(yǔ)而定，即“就近原則”，但是bothand用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)。7、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的互

18、變?！爸鲃?dòng)”變“被動(dòng)”實(shí)行“三變二不變”原則?！叭儭奔词侵髡Z(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的變化，“二不變”即時(shí)態(tài)不變，句式不變。例如：A：Theymakewatchesinthetown.B：Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.A：Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.B：Theworkcanbefinished（byme）beforeeight.A：DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?B：IsricegrowninSouthChina?注：使役性動(dòng)詞make或感觀(guān)性動(dòng)詞see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中所帶省to的不定式賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to.A：Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.B：Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.8、形容詞、副詞二級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，例如A：Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.B：Chineseismoreimporta