初高中知識(shí)銜接：句子成分(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初高中知識(shí)銜接：句子成分& 五種簡單基本句型溫馨提示：高中教材中，無論是要點(diǎn)講解，書面表達(dá)，還是從句學(xué)習(xí)都會(huì)涉及句子成分，任何一個(gè)句子都需要嚴(yán)格的語法結(jié)構(gòu)來組成，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的句子,讀不懂句子或則在作文中丟分。因此，在進(jìn)入高中學(xué)習(xí)之前，同學(xué)們一定要掌握句子成分。 S: Subject 主語； V: Verb 動(dòng)詞（謂語）； O: Object 賓語； P: Predicative 表語； OC: Object Complement 賓語補(bǔ)足語； InO: Indirect Object 間接賓語； DO：Direct Object 直接賓語一句子成分a.

2、主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物，也是謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者，多位于句首請(qǐng)畫出下列句子的主語并思考由什么充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z：1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He likes dancing. 3. Twenty years is a short time in history.4. Seeing is believing. 5. To see is to believe. 6. What he needs is a book. 7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

3、總結(jié)：從以上7個(gè)句子我們可以知道，一個(gè)句子的主語可以由 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 充當(dāng)。b.謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。只能由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。請(qǐng)畫出下列句子的謂語We study English. I sleep.He is asleep. c. . 表語（predicative）: 系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 常見系動(dòng)詞: be, sound（聽）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（聞）, taste（吃）, remain，keep, stay（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺）,變得（become, turn, go, get）,s

4、eem(似乎)，appear(好像). e.g: 1.It sounds a good idea. 2.The boy looks smart.3.The food smells delicious. 4.The food tastes good.5.The door remains open. 6.Now I feel tired.7. The shop stays open until 12. 8. The food went bad.9. The room became dirty. 10. He keeps silent all day.請(qǐng)畫出下列句子的表語：1. He is a te

5、acher. 2. He is kind. 3. His father is away. 4. The picture is on the wall. 歸納總結(jié)：一個(gè)句子的表語可以有_ _ _ _ 等充當(dāng)。d. 賓語：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓（動(dòng)詞后）/介賓（介詞后的名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞）/雙賓 請(qǐng)畫出下列句子的賓語：1. I like China.2. He hates you. 3. How many do you need? We need two. 4. I enjoy working with you. 5. I hope to see you again. 6. Did you wri

6、te down what he said? 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓1.Are you afraid of the snake? 2.Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）1He gave me a book yesterday. 2. Give the poor man some money.歸納總結(jié)：一個(gè)句子的賓語可以有_ _ _ _ _ _充當(dāng)。e. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。請(qǐng)先畫出下列句子主語，謂語，賓語，然后找出賓補(bǔ)1. We elected him monitor. 2. I

7、wish her happy. 3. She allows me to come in.4. Dont let him do that. 5. She kept me waiting.6. I heard a song sung.歸納總結(jié)：一個(gè)句子的賓補(bǔ)可以有_ _ _ _ _ _充當(dāng)。二、句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu): 由主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等句子成分，按不同方式可組合成五種基本句型：英語五種基本句型列式如下：1.              （主謂） _2

8、.             （主謂表） _3.             （主謂賓） _4.     In D（主謂間賓直賓）_5.           （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）_請(qǐng)分析下列句子分別屬于哪一種句型并把番號(hào)填

9、在橫線上：a. I have a lot of friends here. b. Tom lent me 200 dollars.c. Now I feel tired. d. He is an honest student.e. The silk feels soft. f. The food smells delicious.g. The machine doesnt work. h. Birds fly.i. we are walking on the playground. j. I saw him writing a letter.k. I find maths difficult.

10、 l. We call her Lily.m. Father asked me to turn off the TV.Exercise: 分析下列同學(xué)自我介紹中的句子屬于哪一類？ (1) My name is Jin Yaqian. I like singing very much. In my opinion, it can give me a lot of fun. So I always ask my friends to go singing with me. I will succeed one day. (2)My name is Jia Qiao. Some people cal

11、l me Joy. Time flies. Im 17 years old now, I feel happy to study in QiangXiang Middle School. I enjoy writing diaries in my blog and playing the piano. I always tell myself to be confident.當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練：綜合練習(xí)I. 說出下列各句的成分名稱1. The factory makes cars. A B CA._ B._ C._2. He walks after supper. A B CA._ B._ C._3.

12、Little Tom surfs the internet at home. A B C DA._ B._ C._ D._4. He can dance. A BA._ B._ C._5. Tom is a student. A B C A._ B._ C._6. English is very important. A B CA._ B._ C._7. Seeing is believing. A B C A._ B._ C._8. QiangXiang Middle school is a beautiful place. A B CA._ B._ C._9. I have been co

13、llecting them for many years. A B C DA._ B._ C._ D._10. your question will sound much more polite. A B CA._ B._ C._11. And doing this will help you become better at English. A B C DA._ B._ C._12. He told me to cloze the door. A B C DA._ B._ C._ D._13. My father bought me a car. A B C DA._ B._ C._14. The teacher tells us a funny story everyday. A B C D EA._ B._ C._ D._ E._II. 翻