深圳牛津英語八年級下冊知識點

1、牛津深圳版八下知識點Chapter one一 課文重點詞匯和短語pay attention to 注意 go wrong 出毛病，出錯 break down 拋錨 for example 例如 lose memory 失憶 become worse 變得更糟be angry with 對生氣 the Guinness Book of Records 吉尼斯世界記錄大全 a short-term/long-term memory 長/短時記憶 a man with an injured brain 一個腦傷的男人amazing stories 令人驚嘆的故事 be connected to 與相

2、連be/feel amazed at 對感到驚訝 make an excuse 找借口/借故make an apology to sb. 道歉 write an article on the topic 寫一篇關(guān)于這個主題的文章include a feature about sth. 增加一個關(guān)于的特寫（報道）look up a word in the dictionary 在字典 里查詢單詞agree v. 同意agree to V We agreed to leave at once.我們同意立即走。agree to sth. 贊同；允許 She agreed to my idea. 她同

3、意我的想法。agree with sb. 同意某人的意見 I agree with Jim. 我同意Jim 的意見。agree with sth. 贊同 I dont agree with experiments on animals.agree on sth. 對意見一致 They all agree on this case. 他們對此案件意見一致。I think its a bad idea. “I couldnt agree more”.(=I completely agree) 我認為這是一個壞主意?！拔彝耆狻?。反義詞：disagree v. 不同意everyday adj.“日

4、常的；例行的；平凡的”相當于daily.The article is written in everyday language. 這篇文章寫得淺顯易懂。every day 副詞短語 “每一天，天天”He gets up at 6:30 every day. 他每天6：30起床。注意 death，die與dead 和dying death 是名詞，意思是死亡，die 是動詞，死；dead是形容詞“死了的，死亡的”之意；dying是形容詞，意思是即將死亡的，垂死的二 語法：由if和unless引導的條件狀語從句含有if的復合句由兩個分句組成；if 為連詞，引導條件狀語從句，另一句為主句。如果談論的

5、是某一個動作發(fā)生后勢必會產(chǎn)生某個結(jié)果，那么主從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。e.g. If you boil water, it becomes steam. If you drop a glass, it breaks.如果談論的是如果某一個動作或事情發(fā)生后，很可能將會產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果，那么在復句中主句的動詞用一般將來時，而if從句仍然是一般現(xiàn)在時。If he arrives in Hong Kong, he will call me.若 if 條件句放句首，從句后面要加逗號，和主句隔開。unless 與if 用法相似，相當于ifnot e.g. You will fail the exam if you

6、 dont prepare for it. You will fail the exam unless you prepare for it.Chapter 2一課文重點詞匯和短語1. look at oneself in the mirror 照鏡子 2. succeed in doing sth. = do sth successfully 成功做某事3. instead of 代替 = in place of 4. getinto trouble 使陷入麻煩中5. be in trouble with 與之間有麻煩 6.be in trouble 陷入困境7.all around the

7、 world 全世界 8. bad-tempered 脾氣壞的9. a number of 許多 =many /a lot of /lots of /plenty of 10. in total 一共 11.stay up 熬夜12. the number of 的數(shù)量 13. fall asleep 睡著 go to sleep 去睡覺14. come to life 有生氣,活躍 15. play a trick on 捉弄16.stay in bed 臥床 17.escape from 逃離18. laugh at 嘲笑 19. be full of = be filled with 充

8、滿20. try to do sth 盡力做某事 21. in the late 1930s 20世紀30年代末22.think of 想到；想起；想出 think about 考慮 think over 仔細思考23. tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事 24. a man called= a man who is called 叫的人二語法形容詞概述1.形容詞 用來修飾名詞，說明事物的性質(zhì)，特征或狀態(tài)。 Mary is a good girl. The cartoons also have a long history.2. 形容詞放在連系動詞之后，如：be, look,

9、sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, turn, keep, come It looks beautiful. The cake doesnt taste sweet.3. 形容詞做賓語補足語.它們能使動作完整并通常與一些特定的動詞如：make, keep, want, find, think, prefer 連用。 They thought it would be funny to make the mouse clever. I drank a lot of coffee to keep myself awake.4形容詞與不定式連用的兩個句型。(1) It i

10、s +形容詞+of / for sb. + to do sth. 若形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如kind，good，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。Its very kind_you_ help me. Its clever _ you_work out the maths problem. 若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對不定式行為者的品格進行評價，用for sb.這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 Its very dangerous_child

11、ren _ cross the busy street. Its difficult _ us_ finish the work.(2) n. + be + 形容詞+ to do sth. Comics are wonderful_（read) The film is exciting _(see).5. 形容詞修飾不定代詞應位于其后： I have _ (一些重要的事情) to tell you. Is there _( 有趣的事情) in todays newspaper?6. 以-ed 和-ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞的比較：以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞強調(diào)人的感受:excited,interested

12、,surprised,frightened 以-ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞強調(diào)某事物本身的特征:exciting,interesting,surprising This is an _ book and I am _ in it. ( interest) We were all deeply _ by the _ story. ( move)7. 注意1）Good是形容詞，副詞是well。 但是well 也可以作為形容詞，但只能指身體好的。 2）有些詞既可以當形容詞，又可以做副詞：Long, early, late, high, low, enough, much，hard (hardly 意思為幾

13、乎不，不是hard的副詞) a. He is a hard student. b.He works very hard. a. She is a fast runner. b.She runs very fast. a. Do you like late dinners? b.No,I dont like to eat late.3）很多副詞由形容詞加詞尾 ly 構(gòu)成副詞, 有些名詞加ly 后可構(gòu)成形容詞(friend +ly -friendly友好的 love+ ly- lovely可愛的)復習：形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級1. 形容詞副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成單音節(jié)詞加-er 和-est h

14、ard-harder-hardest輔音字母y結(jié)尾 變y為i，再加-er/ -est easy- easier- easiest重讀音節(jié)并且是“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母” 要雙寫輔音字母再加-er/-esthot-hotter-hottest big-bigger-biggest多音節(jié)詞前加more /most beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful2. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法 兩者進行比較A=B as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ asI am as tall as you. Lucy sings as well as Lily.AB not

15、 so/as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as He is not as/so careful as his brother. He doesnt run as/so quickly as me.AB或AB 形容詞或副詞的比較級+ thanYou are two years younger than me. He is a little stronger than his father.Nancy dances better than her classmates.三者或三者以上進行比較 使用形容詞或副詞的最高級 常接in 或of 表比較范圍Who is the tallest in Class

16、Three? Shanghai is the largest of all the cities.注意：one of + 最高級+ 名詞的復數(shù) China is one of the strongest countries in the world.the + 序數(shù)詞+ 最高級+名詞的單數(shù)The Yellow River is the second longest river in the world.注意以下幾種情況：形容詞或副詞的比較級前可用much, a little, a bit ,even, far等程度副詞或詞組表示不同程度，但是注意，very 不行。Im a little/ mu

17、ch/far richer than you. Football is much more exciting than basketball.比較級+and +比較級表“越來越”stronger and stronger more and more beautifulC.“the +比較級, the +比較級”表示“越是越是”The busier she is, the happier she is.Chapter 3一 課文重點詞匯和短語make oneself clear 闡述清楚 be in danger在危險中 environmental problems 環(huán)境問題keep sb fr

18、om (doing) sth 阻止某人做某事 stop sb from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事prevent sb from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事in the form of = in the style of 以的形式 cut down trees砍伐樹木take in harmful gases = absorb harmful gases 吸入有害氣體 throw away 丟掉 all the way 全程；一路上 in order to 為了 act as / act like 扮演，充當mountains of = a mountain of =a n

19、umber of = a lot of 大量environmentally friendly 環(huán)保的 damage the environment 破壞環(huán)境greenhouse effect 溫室效應 cause sb/ sth to do sth 導致去做as many/ much as 多達 reach= arrive in/ at = get to 到達lead to 導致 take action to dosth 采取行動去 deal with 處理 be on fire 著火 be harmful to sb =be bad for 對有害be different from= be

20、not the same as 與.不同 as a result 結(jié)果 be grateful to sb= be thankful to sb 對感激二語法A Why-questions:Why 特殊疑問詞 why 用來問原因，“為什么”，回答時用because，表“因為”；注意: so 表示所以，在英語中，不能和because 連用A:Why do you like Tom and Jerry? B: Because they are very funny.Because he was ill, so he didnt come to school. He didnt come to sc

21、hool because he wasill. = He was ill, so he didnt come to school. B Patterns expressions a comparison 比較句型及表達(not) asas 、 like、 the same as、 different from 1. (not) as as 表示在某一點上兩事物（不）相同 asas 之間必須用形容詞或副詞的原級 Im not as tall as my brother. Eric studies as hard as his twin sister.常用短語: as much (+n. ) as

22、 和一樣多 ，如那么多, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞as many (+ n. ) as盡可能多 （修飾可數(shù)名詞）as soon as盡快，一就 as fast as盡可能快例句：You can eat as much ( chicken ) as you like.You should remember as many English words as you can.Finish your homework as soon as possible.After school, he ran home as fast as he could.2 like (介詞）用于說明兩事物在一個或更多的方面相同. l

23、ike+名詞或代詞 ； as也表示像的意思， 但 as 后接 從句 The boy looks like his father. Ill do as you advise.3 the same as 用于說明某事物與另一個一樣. Im not the same height as my brother. We have lived in this same house for thirty years.same 前面必須有定冠詞 the，后加單數(shù)名詞4. different 正好相反，前面不用加the，后面 用復數(shù)名詞 We study in the same school, but in d

24、ifferent classes. There are different books on the same subject. Note: 但也可以說 a different 加單數(shù)名詞 This is a different girl from the one I saw just now.different from用于說某事物和另一個不一樣. The dog is different from the other. * 很多情況下, not as as, not the same as 和 different from之間可以互換.Im not as heavy as him. =Im

25、 not the same weight as him. =My weight is different from his.Chapter 4重點單詞和短語1. accept v. 接受；承認 （反義詞refuse） 2. educational adj. 教育 （n. education）3. exchange n. & v. 交換；交流 4. host n. 主人（反義詞guest）5. own adj. 自己的 v. 擁有( n. owner)6. simple = easy adj. 簡單的（反義詞difficult） 7. culture n. 文化 (adj. cultural)8

26、. confident adj. 自信的 (n. confidence) 9. deep adj. 深的 (adv. deeply)10. improve v. 改善，改進 ( n. improvement)短語 1. take a visit / trip to 去某處參觀（旅行） 2. be able to do 能夠做3. give a talk about/ on sth. to sb. 向某人做關(guān)于某事的報告 4. throughout the world= all over the world 全世界5. live/ stay with 與生活在一起6. go on sightse

27、eing (tours) 去觀光 7. make friends with 與交朋友8. as well as 還；也；不及 9. since then 從那時起；打那以后10. keep/get in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系 11. in case 萬一12.in order that 為了 13. be confident of .對.感到有信心14. look forward to doing盼望做某事 15.apply for 申請16.go on a sightseeing tour 進行觀光旅游 17. be deeply moved 被深深地打動18. win a sc

28、holarship 贏得獎學金 19. improve the situation 改善情況二 語法：目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語從句的用法【目的狀語從句】 我們能用so that和in order that去談論目的，他們叫做目的狀語從句。在目的狀語從句中我們經(jīng)常用can, may, will或者shall或者could, might, would 或者should。例如：We got up early so that we could catch the first train.我們早起為了趕上早班車.He studies hard so that he could find a bett

29、er job in the future.他努力學習為了以后能有一份更好的工作.解釋句子1. He puts on his coat so that he wont feel cold. He puts on his coat _ _ _ he wont feel cold.2. Mary often wears high heels in order that she may look taller.Mary often wears high heels _ _ _look taller.Mary often wears high heels _ _ she may look taller.

30、【結(jié)果狀語從句】我們用去談論一個行為或者狀況的結(jié)果。他們叫做結(jié)果狀語從句。 adjective(形容詞) adverb(副詞) so manyfew+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) that muchlittle不可數(shù)名詞 aan+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) such 形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞 that【讓步狀語從句】讓步狀語從句通常由單詞although或者though連接. 這兩個單詞可以連接兩個相反的或者相對照的描述.例如: Although the trip was hard work, it was a very valuable experience for me. 雖然旅行是苦差事, 對我來說卻是

31、一次難得的體驗. Sam did quite will in the exam although he was unprepared. 薩姆在這次考試中雖然沒有準備,但他考得很好. Linda still spares time to help people though she is always very busy. 琳達雖然非常忙但她仍然花時間去幫別人.Chapter 5一 重點單詞和短語would rather do sth 寧愿做某事 be worth doing 值得一做be born with 出生 save up 儲蓄at the age of 在歲的時候 give sb a

32、hand 幫助某人win prize/ awards 獲得獎 give up 放棄at a price 以很高代價 have a happy childhood 度過幸福的童年be strict with sb in sth 對某人在某方面要求嚴格practise playing the piano 練習彈鋼琴make up ones mind to do sth=decide to do sth 下決心做某事quit ones job 辭職 in place of = in stead of 代替from then on 從那以后 get ones big chance 獲得.的好機會be

33、responsible for 負責. at huge events 在大型活動(事件)中piano competition 鋼琴比賽 choose sb to do sth 選擇某人做某事without any effort 輕而易舉 fall ill 生病be tired of sth/ doing sth 厭倦 be grateful to sb 對感激a talented man 有天賦的人 encourage and support sb 鼓勵并支持某人二 語法：過去進行時過去進行時態(tài)：過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。結(jié)構(gòu)如下be（was/were）+doing；否定：b

34、e（was/were）not +doing；疑問：be（was/were）提前,句號變問號。1.表示過去某時間點或時間段發(fā)生的事情。at+時間點，at this time, at that timeMy father was watching TV at 6p.m. yesterday.I was doing my homework from 7 to 9 yesterday evening.2. 表示過去某時間點或時間段發(fā)生的事情。when從句表示時間點。I was reading a book when he came in.He was cleaning the room when I

35、saw him.3. 兩個動作（延續(xù)性）同時發(fā)生，主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。從句用when 或while引導。While other one-year-old babies were sleeping in their parents arms, Lang Lang was learning how to read music.He was practising the piano when I was cooking.4.when 與while區(qū)別： when從句，可以延續(xù)性動詞(過去進行時)，也可以短暫性動詞（一般過去時）； while從句,一定是延續(xù)性動詞(過去進行時)。 當我看到他

36、的時候，他正在吃早飯。 He was having breakfast when I saw him.總結(jié)：_while_ 只能表示時間段，其后只能用過去進行時。 when_既可表示某一個時間點，也可以表示某一個時間段，所以其后的動詞可以時延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是短暫性動詞。請用when和while填空。1_ I got home, he was having supper. 2. we were still laughing, the teacher came in. 3. _I was reading letters last night, he was watching TV.4. She

37、was very surprised _ she saw me.5. Please do not talk so loud _ others are working. 注意：不用于進行時的動詞： agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。表示過去按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。常用come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置移動

38、的動詞的進行時態(tài)表將要發(fā)生的動作。He told me that he was leaving for Shanghai the next day.與一般過去時的區(qū)別：A一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進行時表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。She did her homework last night. ( 作業(yè)做完了)She was doing her homework last night.(作業(yè)不一定寫完)B 一般過去時表示動作只做一次，而過去進行時表示動作反復進行。He waved to me.(揮了揮手)He was waving to me.(不斷地揮手)chapter 6一、必

39、背詞組： want to do=look forward to doing 想做某事 encourage sb. to do 鼓勵某人做某事famous=well-known 出名的 be famous for 因而出名 called=named 名叫start to do = begin to do 開始做某事1.by 乘坐.（by bike） 通過某種方式（by writing E-mails） 靠近（by the door=near the door）by the way 順便說一下 由做的 2. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上in + 年，月，季節(jié)，上午，下午，晚

40、上 (in 2009,in May, in summer, in the morning)at + 時間點 （at 5o clock）on+ 某一天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上 (on Saturday morning)3. It was thirty yards long.=It was thirty yards in length. 它長30碼。 數(shù)詞+量詞+形容詞it is 30 yards long = it is 30 yards in length.4. pick up 撿起 代詞放中間 pick it up 撿起它5. sing happily 快樂地唱歌 He sang happ

41、ily, with an apple in his hand. 表伴隨，with+名詞+介詞詞組6. You have to work , dont you? 不得不 （反義疑問句） I think that. 我認為 否定在主句上：I think this is right. I dont think this is right.7. get more and more interested 變得越來越有興趣 be/get interested in have interest in對感興趣8. 使某人做某事. Let sb. do sth make sb. do sth have sb.

42、do sth9. want sth. to be done 想要被做10. Im really(副詞) careful. 我非常小心11. properly=right=well 好12. so on 等等13. with worry on his face 臉上帶著擔心的表情 with joy in his heart 心中卻很快樂14 .knock sb. out 把某人打暈15. setfree 釋放某人二 語法：定語從句1. 定語從句的含義：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句He gave Tom a kite.He liked the kite very much合并成 He gave

43、Tom a kite（which/that he liked very much.）定語從句2. 先行詞的含義：被修飾的名詞或代詞3. 關(guān)系詞的含義：引導定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞: Who, whom, whose, which, that等關(guān)系副詞：When, where, why等4.如何正確選用關(guān)系詞？若物作主語，則連接詞用which/that；若人作主語，則連接詞用who/that若先行詞中含有最高級(the best)，不定代詞(anything)，序數(shù)詞(first)時連接詞只能用that。e.g. This is the best film that Ive ever seen指代所

44、做成分是否可省略that人；物主語；賓語作賓語可省which物主語；賓語作賓語可省who人主語；賓語作賓語可省5. 特殊情況只能用that引導定語從句的幾種情況1.先行詞是不定代詞all, everything,nothing,anything,much,little, few等時2.先行詞被all,every,any, no,little much修飾時3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞及最高級修飾時4.先行詞被the only,the very,the last,the last修飾時5.當有兩個或兩個以上表示人和物的先行詞時6.主句以who,what,which開頭的特殊疑問句時A. e.g.：1. I

45、 have never taken anything that doesnt belong to me.B. 2. He was one of the greatest scientists that Ive ever known.C. 3. The only thing (that) he did was to call the police. 4. I am so interested in the things and the people (that) he described to me.chapter 7 一、必背詞組：（中英互譯）make a decision=decide to

46、 do 決定做某事 life n. 生活，生命 lives 復數(shù)different adj. 不同的difference n. 不同的地方on介詞（關(guān)于） about 介詞（關(guān)于） speak to sb. 對某人說話be aged 14 14歲 an amount of+不可數(shù)名詞 a generous amount of=a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞a number of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) much+不可數(shù)名詞a lot of=lots of+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞the end of mouth 月末 complain v. complaint n. 抱

47、怨 Complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事a little water 量詞+n. Eat a little v.+量詞 A little difficult 量詞+形容詞give sb. sth. for doing 給某人因為 after all 畢竟own adj. 自己的 v. 擁有owner n. 主人 have a happy childhood 度過一個快樂的童年It is +adj. for sb. to do 對某人來說做某事怎么樣 seldom=not often 很少latest=newest 最新的 late遲到 be late for 做

48、某事遲到 lately=recently 最近的 later 之后anytime= at any time 任何時候 therefore,=so 因此 at the bottom of 在底部look after=take care of 照顧 payfor sth. doing sth.something useful 一些有用的東西 for example=for instance 舉個例子Its bad to expect things for nothing.不勞而獲是不對的the whole + n. 一整個 the whole family 一整個家庭be busy doing s

49、th.忙于做某事 be busy with sth. 忙于某事ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 Lets do讓我們感嘆句What+ a+形容詞+名詞+主+謂! What+ 形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+主+謂! How+形容詞或副詞+主+謂!offer sb. a job as 任命某人擔任. unfortunately 不幸地是after doing 之后 be willing to do=would like to do愿意做某事insist on doing 堅持做某事 try doing 嘗試做 try to do 努力做 refuse to do 拒絕做某事 either也（用于否定句） Too 也 （用于肯定句）in fact=actua