第五講提高英語(yǔ)寫作的技巧

1、重點(diǎn)：學(xué)習(xí)些技巧來(lái)提高自己的寫作水平難點(diǎn)：掌握技巧并能夠應(yīng)用到日常寫作中I this morning eat breakfast.Have you eat meal? Im a larger school student. Im very like play basketball. We should hard study. But I better like listen music. Live to old, study to old. I had breakfast this morning.Good morning/afternoon/evening!Im a college stud

2、ent.We must work/ study hard.Its never too old to learn.But I like listening to music better.I like playing basketball very much. 假定你是李華假定你是李華, , 你的英國(guó)朋友你的英國(guó)朋友PeterPeter來(lái)信詢問(wèn)你來(lái)信詢問(wèn)你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)情況并希望你簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己家鄉(xiāng)，請(qǐng)你根的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)情況并希望你簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己家鄉(xiāng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫回信。據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫回信。要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn): : 1. 1. 我學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)六年了，在老師和同學(xué)們的幫助下我學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)六年了，在老師和同學(xué)們的幫助下取得

3、了一些進(jìn)步；取得了一些進(jìn)步；2. 2. 但是總覺得英語(yǔ)難學(xué)，尤其是英語(yǔ)中的一些習(xí)慣但是總覺得英語(yǔ)難學(xué)，尤其是英語(yǔ)中的一些習(xí)慣用法用法；3. 3. 今后一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)這門有用的外語(yǔ)，爭(zhēng)取能用今后一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)這門有用的外語(yǔ)，爭(zhēng)取能用流利的英語(yǔ)和你寫信；流利的英語(yǔ)和你寫信；4. 4. 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生很大的變化，蓋起了許多高樓，拓我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生很大的變化，蓋起了許多高樓，拓寬了道路，變得越來(lái)越漂亮和現(xiàn)代化；寬了道路，變得越來(lái)越漂亮和現(xiàn)代化；5. 5. 如果有時(shí)間可以到中國(guó)來(lái)，我會(huì)帶領(lǐng)你參觀我的如果有時(shí)間可以到中國(guó)來(lái)，我會(huì)帶領(lǐng)你參觀我的家鄉(xiāng)。家鄉(xiāng)。 注意：注意：1. 1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100100左右；左右；

4、2. 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；以使行文連貫；3. 3. 開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好。開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好。 June 8, 2008 Dear Peter, Im very glad to receive your letter. I will tell you something about my English study and hometown. .read and writefind it hard fluent English to write Great changes roads have taken place in my hometownbuildingswid

5、enedIt will be wonderful when you come to China if you are freeshow you aroundI will be glad to語(yǔ)言不地道語(yǔ)言不地道; ;中文式思維中文式思維; ;語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤較多，得分語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤較多，得分1313分分havehave影響書面表達(dá)得分的因素：影響書面表達(dá)得分的因素：“大錯(cuò)誤大錯(cuò)誤”包括時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤、中式包括時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤、中式英語(yǔ)等，如：英語(yǔ)等，如：1.My hometown had big change, build many houses, 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出現(xiàn)“大錯(cuò)誤大錯(cuò)誤”及及

6、“小錯(cuò)誤小錯(cuò)誤” Great changes have taken place in my hometown there. For example, many new houses have been built and roads have been widened.2. I will welcome to you.“小錯(cuò)誤小錯(cuò)誤”主要是反應(yīng)在個(gè)別單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤、主要是反應(yīng)在個(gè)別單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤、冠詞介詞使用不準(zhǔn)確等方面冠詞介詞使用不準(zhǔn)確等方面,如：如： Under my teacher and classmates all help to me ,.Welcome to China.With t

7、he help of my teachers and classmates,沒有使用高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句沒有使用高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句1. I will visit my hometown with you.2. If you have time, I will take you to travel around my hometown.I will show you around my hometown if you are free.書寫是否工整清晰也會(huì)影書寫是否工整清晰也會(huì)影響答卷得分。卷面不整潔，響答卷得分。卷面不整潔，涂改多；大小寫涂改多；大小寫; ;標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào); ;書寫不清，得分會(huì)很低

8、！書寫不清，得分會(huì)很低！Bad sample卷面不整潔卷面不整潔; ; 涂改較多涂改較多; ;語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤多語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤多; ;層層次不清次不清; ;得得1111分分字?jǐn)?shù)不夠或未能傳達(dá)讀者任何信息，不得分。字?jǐn)?shù)不夠或未能傳達(dá)讀者任何信息，不得分。 One possible version: June 8, 2008 Dear Peter, Im very glad to receive your letter. I will tell you something about my English study and hometown. It is six years since I began to

9、learn English. With the help of my teachers and classmates, I have made some progress in English. However I still find English hard to learn, such as some difficult idioms which made me confused. No matter how hard it is, I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work. Not lon

10、g ago I returned to my hometown and found great changes had taken place there. Many new houses had been built and roads had been widened. My hometown is getting modern and more and more beautiful. I hope if you have a chance to come to China and I ll show you around my hometown when you are on leave

11、. Best wishes, Li Hua Five steps for writing (寫作五步驟）寫作五步驟） 1. Cross-question(審題審題) Main idea Style Verb tense Person2. Seize the major points /key words (抓要點(diǎn)抓要點(diǎn))figure out the outline(提綱提綱)3. Sentences connection(連句成文連句成文)Words/phrases Sentences5. Error correcting ( 查錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)查錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))4. Ensure the fluency (添

12、加過(guò)渡，確保添加過(guò)渡，確保連貫）連貫）Conjunctions/ conjunctive adverbspassagepassage詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級(jí)的詞匯使用較高級(jí)的詞匯 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級(jí)的詞匯使用較高級(jí)的詞匯2. 使用較豐富的句式使用較豐富的句式詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使給文章增色不少，從而使整

13、篇文章因此而生輝整篇文章因此而生輝 。 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級(jí)的詞匯使用較高級(jí)的詞匯3. 使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝整篇文章因此而生輝 。使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對(duì)寫一使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對(duì)寫一篇有篇有“英語(yǔ)味英語(yǔ)味”的文章很的文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。自然、緊湊。2. 使用較豐富的句式使用較豐富的句式1. Because the wea

14、ther was good, our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.I. 怎樣使用較高級(jí)的詞匯怎樣使用較高級(jí)的詞匯We all think highly of him ./we regard him as a great man.A good idea occurred to me./ A good idea suddenly

15、 struck me.4.The students there neednt pay for their books.5. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.Books are free for the students there.There is no need for the students to pay for their books.II. II. 豐富的句式：豐富的句式：( (常用到的句型結(jié)構(gòu)）常用到的句型結(jié)構(gòu)） 利用不同的句型來(lái)表達(dá)同一

16、個(gè)意思，能增利用不同的句型來(lái)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，能增加文章的文采。加文章的文采。 1.1.感嘆句感嘆句 How happy I was when I received your letter! 2.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It was this young boy who helped the old granny. 3.3.倒裝句倒裝句 Only in this way can you solve this problem. 4.4.省略句省略句 They read while walking or riding on a bus. 5、with短語(yǔ) I saw a young lady walkin

17、g slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand. 6、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library. 7、各種名詞性從句各種名詞性從句 Thats what I should do. 8、各種狀語(yǔ)從句各種狀語(yǔ)從句 Time passed quickly before we knew it. 常用的常用的連接詞連接詞 1表示遞進(jìn)表示遞進(jìn) 2表示轉(zhuǎn)折表示轉(zhuǎn)折 3表示因果表示因果 4表示條件表示條件 5

18、表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間 6表示特定的順序表示特定的順序 7換一種方法表述換一種方法表述 進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明 8總而言之，總的來(lái)說(shuō)總而言之，總的來(lái)說(shuō) 9其他其他 III.常用的常用的連接詞連接詞1. 表示遞進(jìn)表示遞進(jìn);在同一話題上補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容在同一話題上補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容 另外，還有另外，還有：whats more; whats worse;besides;moreover; in addition, furthermore ; also;as well2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 但是，但是， 然而，然而， 相反相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other han

19、d; on the contrary.3. 表示因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系 因?yàn)?，因此，所以因?yàn)?，因此，所? since; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; thanks to;owing to;resultIn;result from4. 表示條件關(guān)系表示條件關(guān)系如果，只要如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as 除非除非: unless 否則否則: or else, otherwise 5. 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系表示時(shí)間關(guān)系 當(dāng)當(dāng) 的時(shí)候的時(shí)候 : when ; while;afte

20、r ; before until ;notuntil;as soon as later; afterwards;lately; recently;since from then on6. 表示特定的順序關(guān)系表示特定的順序關(guān)系 首先首先:firstly ;first of all 最主要的最主要的: above all 其次其次: secondly 然后然后: then; next 最后最后: finally; in the end 7.換一種方法表述或換一種方法表述或進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明 換句話說(shuō)換句話說(shuō): in other words; that is to sayfor instanc

21、e; for example; such as ; actually；and so on； believe it or not；to tell you the truth；as far as I m concerned8. 對(duì)一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行總結(jié)對(duì)一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行總結(jié) 總而言之，總的來(lái)說(shuō)總而言之，總的來(lái)說(shuō): on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word, finally, in conclusion, generally speaking, as you know9. 其他：其他： above all, after all, at

22、least, at most , undoubtedly, luckily; personally; Practice 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝芯渥又校ㄩg）填上恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝芯渥又校ㄩg）填上恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞或意思有聯(lián)系的短語(yǔ)?；蛞馑加新?lián)系的短語(yǔ)。1. Xiao Ming was walking in the street _ he heard someone cry for help.2. It was not long _ the police came .3._he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.whe

23、nbeforeAs soon as 4. We can go downtown and do some shopping. _, we can pay a visit to some places of interest.5.I shared the cost of the gas with my friends ._, I saved $80.6. Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. _ , it may make us fat.In additionAs a resultWhats worse用所給的詞完成下面短文 finally, then, at fi

24、rst, after that I had a bad cold last week. _, I had a running nose, but I did not take it seriously. _I began to cough. _, I had a fever and felt weak. _, I was sent to hospital and had to lie in bed for three days.At firstThenAfter thatFinallySing the songs together（Pay attention to the songlines

25、in red) In younger days Ive told myself my life would be my own,and Ill leave this place where sunshine never shone ,for my life is too short for waiting when I see the rising sun and I know again that I must carry on.在年輕的日子里，我告訴自己 我將有屬于自己的生活 而且我要離開這陽(yáng)光照不到的地方 我的生命沒有時(shí)間等待 當(dāng)我看見升起的太陽(yáng)那時(shí)它又一次告訴我必須堅(jiān)持下去 堅(jiān)持到明天

26、，那是沒有理由再回想 堅(jiān)持到明天 在遠(yuǎn)處云層的黑影前進(jìn)到天空 讓它堅(jiān)持到我找到彩虹的盡頭 我的生命沒有時(shí)間等待 當(dāng)我看見升起的太陽(yáng)那時(shí)它又一次告訴我必須堅(jiān)持下去 WritingWriting A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in Sichuan Province on May 12，which killed so many people. Due tothe earthquake .A large quantity of factories and firms have suffered a big loss. At the same time, tens of thousands of houses have collapsed. When the earthquake happened, I was attending class. Suddenly I with my teacher and classmates felt continuous shaking. All the students in our class rushed downstairs at top speed.soon our school playground got cr