英語長難句6種梳理方法

1、英語長難句6種梳理方法難點梳理長難句到底難在哪里？ ？（1）中心詞加了較多修飾語，后置的定語給理解帶來較大困難。（2）簡單句加了較多修飾語，尤其是非謂語 動詞，含義豐富，形式靈活。（3）含有三大從句的復合句。（4）并列 成分、對等結構的存在。（5）同位語、插入語的運用。（6）特殊句式 的使用：倒裝、強調句型和省略。方法展示提主干，去枝葉何為句子主干？即句子的主語和謂語。1 .句子主語主語（subject）是一個句子的主題（theme）,是句子所述說的主體。它的 位置一般在句首。主語一般有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、不定式、 主語從句來充當。（1） A man called you just no

2、w.（名詞）（2） Most of us like surfing the Internet.（代詞）（3） One in ten were for the plan.（數(shù)詞）（4） It is kind of you to give meso much help.（不定式）（5） Helping others is helping yourself.（動名詞）（6） Whether he will come is uncertain.（主語從句） It's said thathe will not come back again .（主語從句）2 .句子謂語謂語(predicate)

3、或謂語動詞(predicate verb)的位置一般在主語之后。謂語有簡單謂語和復合謂語兩種。簡單謂語是由一個行為動詞構成的， 比較容易識別。復合謂語包括情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形、連系動詞+表語、 動詞短語及被動語態(tài) be done.進行時態(tài)be doing完成時態(tài)has/ have dons 將來時態(tài) will do / be going to do 等。(1 ) You can make a difference if you are confident. ( 2) He was followed by the fans. (3) I was about to go out when my ph

4、one rang.請嘗試找出這句話的主干So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless.【句意】因此，當伊德來參加我們的比賽時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不僅將襯衫的底部扎進 褲里，而且?guī)缀踝⒁獠坏剿亩亲?，我感到很驚奇，以致無話可說?！痉治觥烤渥又鞲蔀椋?I was surprise

5、d判斷是并列句or復合句并列連詞連接并列句 常見的并列連詞有and, but, yet, or, so, for, not only.but also, while （然而）。從屬連詞連接復合句 常見的從屬連詞引導狀語從句的有when,after, before, till, until, since, though, although, because等；弓I導 定語從句的有 that, who, whom, which , where, when 等；引導名 詞性從句的有 what, that , which, who, whether, when, how 等。 判斷下列句子是并列句還是

6、復合句。1 .We should do everything that is useful to the people.2 .The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.3 .He not only wants to be a good husband, but also a good son.4 .Shall we go out for a walk, or stay at home and watch TV?5.I didn't know true happiness until I met you.6.I de

7、clare that you are unwelcomed here.7.The truth is you are a liar.8.I heared the news that you are married.參考答案：1 .We should do everythingthat is useful to the people.（定語從句）2 .The manwho/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.（定語從 句）3 .He not only wants to be a good husbanttjut also a good son（

8、并歹U句） 4.Shall we go out for a walk, or stay at home and watch TV?（并列句） 5.I didn't know true happinessuntil I met you.（時間狀語從句）6.I declarethat you are unwelcomed here.（賓語從句）7.The truth is that you are a liar.（表語從句）8.I heared the newsthat you are married.（同位語從句）請嘗試判斷下面句子類型。1 .Whether you get along

9、well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【句意】你與教授相處是否融洽，對你的自身發(fā)展起著重要的作用，因為這是 衡量你是否尊重權威和服從要求的標準?！痉治觥看司錇閺秃暇?，句中whether引導主語從句，as引導原因狀語從句， how well引導從句作介詞of的賓語。2 .The fact that members of one cultu

10、re do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.【句意】一種文化背景下的人不像另一種文化背景下的人一樣直率地表達他 們的情感，這一事實并不意味著他們沒有這些情感。【分析】本句的主干為 The fact does not mean that ., 其中，that they do not experience emotions 是從句作 mean 的賓語。 that members of one culture

11、 do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another 為fact的同位語從句，其中 as do members of another是狀語從句， 助動詞do位于主語members of another前形成倒裝，主語后省略了 express their emotions確定中心名詞，識別后置定語后置定語通常以不定式、分詞、介詞短語、定語從句等形式體現(xiàn)。此外，定語也可能不是一個，可能出現(xiàn)兩個或者三個的情況，必要時應 逐一分析。例如：(1) I got a chanceto give a speech at the me

12、eting. (2) The girl wearing sunglassesis LiuXuan. (3) I like the book written by DongQing. (4) The boywith a book in his hand is Jim.(5) The manwho helped you is my boss. (6) The boywith a book in his hand written by DongQing is Jim. (7) The man with a book in his hand who helped you is my boss.請嘗試找

13、出下面句子的定語部分Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagerswho attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】來自薩塞克斯大學的經(jīng)濟學家們分析了國家青少年健康縱向研究的研

14、究結果，這項研究是一個歷時15年的課題，它記錄了數(shù)千名在美國20世紀90年代中期上中學的一組青少年的財產(chǎn)情況?！痉治觥烤渥又鞲蔀?Economists analysed findings from the University of Sussex 作 economists 的定語；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作 findings 的定語；a 15-year research projects the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位語；

15、 charting . 作 project 的定語； who引導定語從句修飾 teenagers正確理解非謂語動詞非謂語動詞是句子中的次要動詞，保留了動詞的部分特征，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)，但具有自己的特征。尤其是當分詞作定語和分詞作狀語時，學 生非常容易混淆。分詞作定語相當于定語從句，分詞作狀語相當于狀語從句或并列句。(1) She is a pupil admired by all her classmates(定語)=She is a pupil who is admired by all her classmates.(2) This is the novel translated into a

16、 few languages.(定語) =This is the novel that has translated into a few languages.(3) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good原因語)=Because it was Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.(4) Following the teacher, the students walked into the office.(伴隨狀 語)=The students followed the te

17、acher, and the students walked into the office.請嘗試找出句子中的非謂語動詞并說出其在句中的作用。Discovered by the Portugueseadmiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.【句意】這個島嶼，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙海軍上將發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1810年有人居住，現(xiàn)在屬于英國，人口數(shù)有幾百人?！痉治觥烤渲蠨iscovered

18、 by和settled是兩個過去分詞短語，在句中作狀語。識別同位語由兩個或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結構，后項是前項的同位語。(1) Mr Zhang, our president, asked us not to punish studentS2) Tony, one of the most clever boys in our school, is planning to attend the university.請找出下面句子的同位語。In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing : The Degradation of Language and

19、 Music and Why We Should Like、Care, John Mc Whorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.【句意】語言學家和辯論家John McWhorter (持有)自由派與保守派的混合觀 點，在他最近的書做我們自己的事懵：語言和音樂的衰落，以及我 們?yōu)槭裁磻?、喜歡或

20、在意中，這位學者認為60年代反文化運動的勝利要對正式英語的衰敗負責。插入語 Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like、Care 是 his latest book的同位語；a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative view也是同位語， 用于說明John McWhorter的身份?？辞褰樵~短語介詞短語在句子中充當表語、定語、狀語等。(1) In spite of thedifficult

21、ies , we went onwith our work . (2) Apps areof great use. (3) Did you like the last grand fashion showof the 20th century ?請嘗試找出下面句子的介詞短語，并分析在句中的作用。For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater

22、companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.【句意】如今為了獲得藝術愛好者的時間、關注和金錢，古典音樂演奏家們不僅要和歌劇院、舞蹈團、劇團以及博物館進行競爭，而且還要和那些 錄制了 20世紀古典音樂大師的演奏的音樂產(chǎn)品競爭?！痉治觥勘揪涞闹鞲墒?classical instrumentalists must compete not only withopera houses. but also with t

23、he recorded performances.句首 For 弓I 導的介詞結構為句子的目的狀語，表示為了"。謂語部分 compete.with后是賓語，說明與主語競爭的對象，由not only.but also. 連接。介詞結構 of the great classical musicians of the 20th century 是 performances的 后置定語。實例應用技巧應用試著用以上方法分析下面句子?！揪渥?1Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientifi

24、c equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.【簡析】此句主干是I am never bored而其前面出現(xiàn)了含 有非謂語動詞和介詞短語組成的四個狀語，分別是 working outdoors, in an office, using scientificequipment 和 meeting local people and tourists,因此，本句是簡單句。【句意】我從來不會無聊，我有時在戶 外工作，有時在辦公室工作，有時使用科研設備，還有的時候見見當 地人和游客。【句子 2

25、Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive簡析】 止匕句是句套 從句，也就是復合句，第一層是although引導的讓步狀語從句，第二 層是because引導的原因狀語從句。句中主謂成分明顯，句意理解難度相對較低?！揪湟狻勘M管我的工作有時是危險的，但是我不介意，因為這種危險令我感到興奮，使我充滿活力?！揪渥?3】 Having collected and evaluated the information, I help

26、otherscientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow and how fast.【簡析】此句難點有三處，一是非謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing的完成時, 相當于一個時間狀語從句；二是 predict后為賓語從句；三是賓語從 句中需要識別出中心名詞lava,而其后的from the volcano是其后置 定語?！揪湟狻渴占头治鐾晷畔⒅螅?guī)椭渌茖W家預測火山 的巖漿將會從哪里噴出以及以多塊的速度噴出?！揪渥?】Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual ani

27、mal husbandWfor such an experiment養(yǎng))technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be usedalthough no one had proposed to do soand asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a

28、 national policy on humancloning.這個句子相比前面幾個句子要復雜很多，分析這個句子，首先，抓住主干，分清主次；此句中的謂語形式的動詞及其對應的主語有：wasopposedheorderedheshould) not be usedfederal fu ndshad proposedno pnaskedhe asked前面有 and, 說明 asked與前面某個謂語動詞并列，根據(jù)邏輯意義 asked應與ordered并列）。 這句的主干為 “he ordered.and asked, “De Glaring that作狀語。 其次，分清并列句和復合句； Declaring that和ordered that后面都是 賓語從句，although后面為讓步狀語從句；and asked