202X-2022學(xué)年人教版高中英語專題話題復(fù)習(xí)精華課件：選修6話題21科普知識

1、話題話題21 科普知識科普知識根底知識自測根底知識自測一、單詞識記一、單詞識記 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 鄰近鄰近4. _ adj. 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的, 劇烈的劇烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顧；出席；參加照顧；出席；參加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心吸收；吸引；使專心8. _ vt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知預(yù)見；預(yù)知9. _ adj.積極的；肯定的積極的；肯定的10. _ vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝打?。粦?zhàn)勝 n.失敗失敗defeat a

2、ttendabsorbforeseepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.處理處理13. _ vt.疑心疑心 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) vt.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)15. _ adj.熟練的熟練的 n.專家專家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、單詞拓展二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生單詞派生1. _ n. 科學(xué)科學(xué) _ n. 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家 _ adj. 科學(xué)的科學(xué)的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysissciencescientistscientificanalyse3. _ vt

3、. 污染；弄臟污染；弄臟 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollute pollutedpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教導(dǎo)命令；指示；教導(dǎo) _ n. 指示；教導(dǎo)指示；教導(dǎo)instructinstruction5. _ vt. 完畢完畢 _ n. 完畢完畢; 結(jié)論結(jié)論6. _ n. 小心小心; 慎重慎重 _ adj. 小心的小心的; 慎重的慎重的cautious concludeconclusioncaution(B)靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory

4、.1. 形容詞作定語。形容詞作定語。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。scientificconclusion3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容詞作定語。形容詞作定語。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison.4. 名詞作主語。名詞作主語。5. Follow the _ (instruct) w

5、hen you operate the machine. 5. 名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。pollutedanalysisinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 講得通；有意義講得通；有意義3. _ 使顯露；暴露使顯露；暴露4. _ 將將和和聯(lián)系起來聯(lián)系起來三、短語翻譯三、短語翻譯 link .to . put forward make sense expose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 對對嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格7. _得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論8. _導(dǎo)致；引起導(dǎo)致；引起lead to apart from(be) strict withdraw a conclusion9.

6、_ 失去控制失去控制10. _受責(zé)備受責(zé)備11. _ 在建立中在建立中12. _ 完畢完畢come to an endout of controlbe to blame be under construction 四、課文回憶四、課文回憶 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided t

7、o defeat cholera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak. So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had

8、drunk 5_ dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted w

9、ater was 8 _ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、語段改錯(cuò)五、語段改錯(cuò) John Snow is a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria for

10、her personal physician. But he becameinspiring when he thought about help ordinarypeople exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of their day. wasasinspiredhelpingitsNeither its cause or its cure was understood. Somany thousand of terrified people died everytime there was the outbreak. John

11、Snow wantedto face the challenge and to solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlleduntil its cause found. was northousandsan1. is was 據(jù)上下文可知一般過去時(shí)，據(jù)上下文可知一般過去時(shí)，描述過去發(fā)生的事情。描述過去發(fā)生的事情。2. for as 表示表示“作為。作為。3. inspiring inspired 指人指人“感覺振奮的感覺振奮的，用，用inspired，而不能用，而不能用inspiring (令人令人振奮的，鼓

12、勵(lì)人心的振奮的，鼓勵(lì)人心的)。 4. help helping 在介詞在介詞about后后, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞help要加上要加上-ing。5. their its 指代前面的指代前面的“the deadly disease，用單數(shù)。，用單數(shù)。6. or nor 因因neithernor (既不既不也也不不)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。7. thousand thousands 因這里因這里thousands of是非確切數(shù)，要加是非確切數(shù)，要加“s。8. the an 指指“每次霍亂一爆發(fā)，沒有每次霍亂一爆發(fā)，沒有特指，無需用特指，無需用the，outbreak以元音開頭，以元音開頭，用用an。9. 去

13、掉去掉solve前面的前面的to 因前半句已經(jīng)有因前半句已經(jīng)有“to了，故了，故to無需重復(fù)。無需重復(fù)。10. 在在found前加上前加上was 被動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般過被動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)，故在去時(shí)，故在found前加上前加上was。重點(diǎn)詞匯講練重點(diǎn)詞匯講練1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矯正矯正 n. 治愈治愈; 療法；措施療法；措施(for)原句原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知人們既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治療方也不了解它的治療方法。法。(B5P2)例句例句 Up till now, People

14、have not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前為止到目前為止, 人們還沒有人們還沒有找到治療艾滋病的有效方法。找到治療艾滋病的有效方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的治好某人的(疾疾病、壞習(xí)慣等病、壞習(xí)慣等)a cure for治療治療的方法的方法藥物藥物搭配搭配運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉使他改掉 這個(gè)習(xí)慣這個(gè)習(xí)慣). The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollut

15、ion. cure him of the habitfor原句原句 The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時(shí)候把這種看法是人們在吃飯的時(shí)候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光線。光線。搭配搭配 be absorbed in全神貫全神貫注

16、于注于, 專心致志于專心致志于運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí), 他正聚精會(huì)神地看小說他正聚精會(huì)神地看小說。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有用的東西用的東西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingabsorb a lot of useful things3. be to blame (for sth.) (為某為某事事)應(yīng)受責(zé)備應(yīng)受責(zé)備/承擔(dān)責(zé)任承擔(dān)責(zé)任原句原句 It seemed that the water was to bla

17、me. 看來水是看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?B5P2)例句例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。搭配搭配 blame sb. for sth.為某事為某事責(zé)備某人責(zé)備某人(1) 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 畢竟他還是畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子。個(gè)孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident. After all, he is only a child. (2) His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.for to blam

18、e 運(yùn)用運(yùn)用4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出關(guān)于黑洞的誰提出關(guān)于黑洞的理論？理論？(B5P1)例句例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他總能提出一些有用的他總能提出一些有用的建議。建議。 We have to put the meeting forward by two weeks.(_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students s

19、hould be placed in special classes. (_ )運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 說出以下句子畫線局部的意思。說出以下句子畫線局部的意思。 將將提前提前 提出建議提出建議 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (_) 被推薦被推薦/提名提名原句原句 Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的構(gòu)除了上面提到的構(gòu)造造, 你還學(xué)了以下詞組。你還學(xué)了以下

20、詞組。(B5P4)例句例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.除了除了學(xué)校功課外，我業(yè)余時(shí)間還唱歌畫畫。學(xué)校功課外，我業(yè)余時(shí)間還唱歌畫畫。5. apart from除了除了以外，都；除以外，都；除外，還外，還用法用法 apart from是短語介詞是短語介詞, 既相既相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相當(dāng)于又相當(dāng)于except (for)。運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 用用besides，except，except for替代替代apart from。 Apa

21、rt from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Besides (In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Except (Not including)Except for 6. be strict with sb. (in sth.) (在某在某方面方面)對某人嚴(yán)格要求對某人嚴(yán)格要求原句原句 I need to be strict

22、 with 我需要對我需要對要求嚴(yán)格要求嚴(yán)格(B5P6)例句例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對自己嚴(yán)格要求。自己嚴(yán)格要求。運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _ her work but also strict _ me. with withinin寫作句型運(yùn)用寫作句型運(yùn)用原句原句 A woman, who had moved

23、away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位從寬街搬過來有一位從寬街搬過來的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 讓某人干某事讓某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句 Youd better have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人來修機(jī)你最好

24、明天找人來修機(jī)器。器。仿寫仿寫 把以下句子譯成英文。把以下句子譯成英文。 明天我要去理發(fā)。明天我要去理發(fā)。I will _. 爸爸幾天前車被偷了。爸爸幾天前車被偷了。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrow had his car stolen原句原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太陽固定在

25、太陽系的他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星那么圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)而行星那么圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn), 只只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(B5P7)2. with+賓語賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞例句例句 I cant fall asleep with the baby crying. 嬰兒一直在哭嬰兒一直在哭, 我睡不著覺。我睡不著覺。仿寫仿寫 把以下句子譯成英文。把以下句子譯成英文。 鳥兒在鳴叫鳥兒在鳴叫, 我們在森林里愉快地散步。我們在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily in the forest _ _. 還有很多作業(yè)要做還有很多作業(yè)要做, 我今晚不能和你

26、去我今晚不能和你去看電影了?？措娪傲?。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith 作業(yè)做完后，我出去踢足球了。作業(yè)做完后，我出去踢足球了。With my homework finished, I went out to play football.原句原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water suppl

27、ies be examined.為了為了阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生, 約翰。斯諾建議所有約翰。斯諾建議所有的水源都要檢查。的水源都要檢查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建議某人建議某人做某事做某事例句例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。提醒提醒 沒有沒有suggest sb. to do sth.句型，但有句型，但有advise sb. to do sth.句型。句型。仿寫仿寫 把以下句子譯成英文。把以下句子譯成英文。 他建議我們工作后要好好休息。他建議我們工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建議你去那里之前先打個(gè)她建議你去那里之前先打個(gè) 。_ before you go round there.She suggested that you (should) phoneHe suggested that we (should) have a good rest4. Only+副詞副詞/介詞短語介詞短語/狀語從句，狀語從句，后用倒裝句型后用倒裝句型原句原句 Only if you put the sun there