高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)分詞與動(dòng)名詞教學(xué)文稿

1、高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)分詞與動(dòng)名高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)分詞與動(dòng)名詞詞I 動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞： doing1.動(dòng)名詞的功能動(dòng)名詞的功能2.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)3.接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語4.需要特殊關(guān)注的五類動(dòng)詞需要特殊關(guān)注的五類動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)名詞的功能動(dòng)名詞的功能 主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語Seeing is believing. Her favourite job is teaching.We dont allow smoking here.He has a reading room. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語主要表示動(dòng)作和用途現(xiàn)在分詞作定語主要表示動(dòng)作和用途（主動(dòng)（主動(dòng)的

2、、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）。的、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）。a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子熟睡的孩子The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那兒的女孩是我的姐妹。站在那兒的女孩是我的姐妹。注意注意現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它表示的動(dòng)作是正現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途：動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途：the waiting room = the room for waiting 候車室候車室a

3、working method 工作方法工作方法He has a reading room. 他有一個(gè)書房。他有一個(gè)書房。2.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 你的到來使我們感到很高興。你的到來使我們感到很高興。 老師建議我們明天早上出發(fā)。老師建議我們明天早上出發(fā)。 我做夢(mèng)都想我家門前有條河。我做夢(mèng)都想我家門前有條河。 Tom 很想今年能有機(jī)會(huì)出國。很想今年能有機(jī)會(huì)出國。Your coming makes us very happy.The teacher suggested us/our starting tomorrow morning.I dream of there being a ri

4、ver in front of my house.Tom wants there to be a chance to go abroad this year.3.接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider delay, enjoy, escape , imagine excuse, finish, forgive，suggest include, keep, mind , risk miss, practise, resist put off, , give up , feel like , cant stand4.需要特殊關(guān)

5、注的五類動(dòng)詞需要特殊關(guān)注的五類動(dòng)詞 forget, regret, remember go on, like, mean, stop, try allow, advise, forbid, permit need, require, want, deserve start, begin, continue 一一. 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞的構(gòu)成 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成為在分詞構(gòu)成為V+ing, 過去分詞構(gòu)成過去分詞構(gòu)成為為V+ed。分詞也有一般式、過去式、。分詞也有一般式、過去式、完成式及主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)等各種形式。完成式及主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)等各種形式。二二. 功能功能

6、(考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)) 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別 a. 在時(shí)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，在時(shí)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 the developing countries the developed countries boiling water boiled water發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展中國家發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)達(dá)國家沸騰的水沸騰的水開水開水作定語：作定語： b. 在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，而過在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，而過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。去分詞表示被動(dòng)。 the oppressing class the oppressed clas

7、s burning fire burned skin 壓迫階級(jí)壓迫階級(jí)被壓迫階級(jí)被壓迫階級(jí)燃燒的火焰燃燒的火焰燒傷的皮膚燒傷的皮膚Have a try: Adam and Eve were induced to eat the _ (forbid) Fruit by Satan. 亞當(dāng)和夏娃受魔鬼的引誘偷吃了禁果亞當(dāng)和夏娃受魔鬼的引誘偷吃了禁果.2. He is a businessman _(grow) rich in recent years.3. A man _ (question) now was a spy.forbiddengrowingbeing questioned 4. Th

8、ese trucks carry goods _ (export) to foreign countries.5. Money _ (spend) is more than money _ (earn).6. Is this book _ (write) by Henry James?7. He was then a teacher _ (respect) by all his students.exportedspentearnedwrittenrespected8. A man _ (respect) others will be _.(respect)9. _ (use) cars ar

9、e very cheap.10. A cold wind came _(blow) in at the window.respectingrespectedUsedblowing注意注意 1.作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有兩種情況：間有兩種情況：a. 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)), 如：如： Tell the children (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.b. 表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作, 或現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在 (或當(dāng)時(shí)

10、或當(dāng)時(shí)) 的狀態(tài)的狀態(tài), (變變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)為從句時(shí), 用一般時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)態(tài)), 如：如： They lived in a room (= that faced) . The house (= that stands) was built in 1955. 2.過去分詞作定語時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂過去分詞作定語時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒有一定的時(shí)間語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒有一定的時(shí)間性，如：性，如： Is this the book ? The meeting is very important. He is a man . I hate to see letters .

11、如果動(dòng)作現(xiàn)正在發(fā)生，或與謂語的動(dòng)作同如果動(dòng)作現(xiàn)正在發(fā)生，或與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用來表示，如：來表示，如： The meeting is very important.如果是一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè)如果是一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè)來表示，如：來表示，如： The meeting is very important. Tom looked at Jenny, tears _ his eyes, and shouted out the words _ in his heart for years. filling; having been hidden filled; hidd

12、en filling; hidden filled; hidingC分詞的完成式不分詞的完成式不能作后置定語能作后置定語3.分詞還可以作非限制性定語（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制分詞還可以作非限制性定語（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句），這時(shí)，它和句子的其他部分用逗性定語從句），這時(shí)，它和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開，試比較：號(hào)隔開，試比較： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer wri

13、tten in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister.合并句子：合并句子： The children ran out of the room. They . They stood there for an hour . They . The children ran out of the room, .They stood there for an hour . She sat at the desk. She . They started

14、to climb. They . They greatly reduced the cost. We . We visited a number of cities.She sat at the desk ., they started to climb., they greatly reduced the cost., we visited a number of cities.滿足什么條件才可以用分詞作狀語滿足什么條件才可以用分詞作狀語 兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句主語一致兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句主語一致 動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生注意注意如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)

15、作之前發(fā)生，則要用完成形式，如：生，則要用完成形式，如：已經(jīng)和農(nóng)民工作了好多年，他對(duì)他們很了解。已經(jīng)和農(nóng)民工作了好多年，他對(duì)他們很了解。由于沒有收到回信，他決定再寫一封。由于沒有收到回信，他決定再寫一封。Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 3

16、.分詞作分詞作_（相當(dāng)于（相當(dāng)于 _引導(dǎo)的從引導(dǎo)的從句），如：句），如： Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Having heard the bad news, they cried. Being busy , my uncle has no time to talk with me. When she turned around, she saw a police car driving up.After they heard the bad news, they cried.Because he is busy, my unc

17、le has no time to talk with me.分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以加上分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以加上when, if, while, though, as if, even though,unless 等連詞，為等連詞，為了句意的完整，但省略的主語必須和主句的主語了句意的完整，但省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同，如：相同，如：假如假如/當(dāng)被加熱時(shí)，水就會(huì)變成蒸汽。當(dāng)被加熱時(shí)，水就會(huì)變成蒸汽。 即使被邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)去的。即使被邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)去的。 小女孩很害羞，從來不說話除非別人逗她說。小女孩很害羞，從來不說話除非別人逗她說。 If / When heated, wa

18、ter changes into steam.Even if invited, I wont go.The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語 容易混淆的兩組概念：容易混淆的兩組概念： 雙賓語雙賓語 復(fù)合賓語復(fù)合賓語= 直接賓語直接賓語+間接賓語間接賓語= 賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語Mum bought me a bike.能接復(fù)合賓語的詞：能接復(fù)合賓語的詞：a.及物動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞（keep, leave， b.介詞介詞 with/without賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語名詞名詞形容詞形容詞過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)

19、在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞介詞短語介詞短語不定式不定式動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形get, have, make watch, notice, see, hear, listen to , feel, find ）want, wish, like ,expect 被動(dòng)被動(dòng)&完成完成主動(dòng)主動(dòng)&進(jìn)行進(jìn)行未完成未完成 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：我真抱歉讓你等這么久。我真抱歉讓你等這么久。我能感覺到冷風(fēng)吹在我臉上。我能感覺到冷風(fēng)吹在我臉上。他盡力想讓引擎啟動(dòng)起來。他盡力想讓引擎啟動(dòng)起來。那些話讓我們突然大笑起來。那些話讓我們突然大笑起來。注：現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)注：現(xiàn)

20、在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過程。發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過程。 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing. 過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：他看著電視被從房子里搬走。他看著電視被從房子里搬走。去年他們把房子重新建了一下。去年他們把房子重新建

21、了一下。當(dāng)你說英語時(shí)，一定要確保別人聽懂你。當(dāng)你說英語時(shí)，一定要確保別人聽懂你。 你最好把你鞋修一下。你最好把你鞋修一下。 注：過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作完成，并有注：過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作完成，并有被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)意義。 He watched the TV set carried out of the room.Last year they had the house rebuilt.When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.Youd better have your shoes mended. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以

22、表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況, 表示時(shí)間、原表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等因、條件等, 例如：例如：He rushed into the room. His face was covered with sweat. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.The composition finished, he handed it to the teacher.If weather permits, well have an outing tomorrow. When all things are considere

23、d, her paper is of greater value than yours. After the job was done, we went home.As the composition was finished, he handed it to the teacher.Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. So many studen

24、ts being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. Although the shower was over, we continued to march. Because so many students were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. The shower being over, we continued to march.注：在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形注：在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式，如：式，如： His comrades having all le

25、ft for the front, he didnt want to stay in the rear. 1. _ (give) more time, he will make a first class tennis player. 2. _ (hear) that Li Yuchun will give a performance in the city, he got very excited. 3. My grandfather always tells me that the _ (labour) people are the wisest people in the world.G

26、ivenHearinglabouringHave a try: 4. _ (be) a student in the new century, we should know what is honourable behavior and what is shameful. 5. When hearing the news that France was defeated in the World Cup, he felt _ (disappoint) because he likes the team very much. 6. He sent the company another e-ma

27、il, _ (hope) to get further information about the job. 7. Unless _ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Beingdisappointedhopinginvited8. Those _ (remain) had to face all kinds of difficulties.9. When _ (leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us.10. _ (lie) still in the grass, _ (wait) , he heard the sound of the wild.remainingleavingLyingwaiting高考鏈接高考鏈接 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. com