高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)考案專題五動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

1、.專題五 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞的分類根據(jù)意義和句法作用，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為四類：1.行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞 （帶賓語(yǔ)）：study, develop;不及物動(dòng)詞（不帶賓語(yǔ)）work, swim, go, come狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（相對(duì)靜止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性（work, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, go, come）2.系動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound表示狀態(tài)的變化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow表示某種

2、狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù)：remain, keep, stay3.助動(dòng)詞（與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)二、動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 易混動(dòng)詞歸納對(duì)比 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：中 文原 形過 去 式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺lielaylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞2、rise

3、和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無(wú)意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：The little boy looked me i

4、n the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）5、hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。6、bear的過去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born短語(yǔ)后沒有by介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。7、sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit只是

5、表示一動(dòng)作。seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.8、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。9、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則

6、有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊(duì)。10、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。11、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 12、take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來(lái)，拿去，去取然后回來(lái)(即雙程)。所以拿來(lái)，帶來(lái)是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來(lái)是fetch。13、ans

7、wer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意義不同，如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。14、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。15、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語(yǔ)不能是人，而spend的主語(yǔ)不能是物。如: she spent all his money on

8、 stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語(yǔ)。更多的用法是用形式主語(yǔ)it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.16、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)意為丟失、不見了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing.17、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，

9、但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.18、begin與startbegin與Start 均可作開始講，并無(wú)多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場(chǎng)合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。19、allow 與p

10、ermitallow與permit其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.20、find與foundfind找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.21、speak, say, talk 與tell英文中講有4個(gè)詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用

11、作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak后加語(yǔ)言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語(yǔ)，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語(yǔ)而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報(bào)上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said 。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用speak，如：Th

12、e father always speaks well of his son.。22、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 23、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測(cè)性的建議，advice表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不

13、足人的一種忠告；look由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。1.-Itsagoodidea.Butwhosgoingto_theplan? -IthinkTomandGregwill. A.setaside B.carryout C.takein D.getthrough 2.HappilyforJohnsmot

14、her,heisworkingharderto_hislosttime. A.makeupfor B.keepupwith C.catchupwith D.makeuseof 3.Ifyouhad_yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemadefewermistakes. A.lookedup B.thoughtabout C.goneover D.goneround 4.Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Icant_you. A.keepupwith B.putupwith C.makeupto D.ho

15、ldonto 5.Youdbetter_somemoneyforspecialuse. A.pickup B.giveaway C.putoff D.setaside 6.Inorderto_withtheadvancedcountries,wemustkeeplearning. A.getalong B.putup C.catchup D.goon 7.Wedidntplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_verywell. A.workedout B.triedout C.wenton D.carriedon 8.Implanningtoholdapartyin

16、theopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit_theweather. A.linkswith B.dependson C.connectsto D.decideson 9.-Smokingisbadforyourhealth. -Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycant_. A.giveitup B.giveitin C.giveitout D.giveitaway 10.Ifyou_anyproblemswhenyouarriveattheairport,givemearing A.comeupwith B.setabout C.runint

17、o D.putaside 11.Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwevedecidedto_it.Itmightbevaluable. A.holdonto B.keepupwith C.turnto D.lookafter 12.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischaracterto_fromhomeandearnsomemoneyonhisown. A.runaway B.takeaway C.keepaway D.getaway 13.Canyoumakeasentenceto_themeaningo

18、fthephrase? A.showoff B.turnout C.bringout D.takein 14.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_withnoagreementreached. A.havebrokendown B.havebrokenoutC.havebrokenin D.havebrokenup 15.Dontmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay_theshockingending. A.giveaway B.giveout C.giveup D.giveoff 16

19、.TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto_. A.makeitout B.makeitoff C.makeitup D.makeitover 17.He_someFrenchwhilehewasawayonabusinesstripinParis. A.madeout B.pickedup C.gaveup D.tookin 18.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather_thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea. A.addedto B.result

20、edfrom C.turnedout D.madeup 19.Weregoingto_withsomefriendsforapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus? A.getin B.getover C.getalong D.gettogether 20.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas_fromtheoutsideworld. A.cutout B.cutup C.cutoff D.cutthrough 21.Itwasfoolishofhimto_hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,anda

21、saresult,hegotpunished. A.stickto B.referto C.keepto D.pointto 22.Thesportsmeetwillbe_nextweekbecauseofthebadweather. A.putoff B.putaway C.putup D.putdown 23._thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit. A.Lookthrough B.Lookon C.Lookinto D.Lookup 24.Afterallthestudentshadtakentheirseats,theteacher_theexaminat

22、ionpaper. A.handedin B.handedon C.handedout D.handedover 25.Ireallydontwanttogototheparty,butIdontseehowIcanit. A.getbackfrom B.getoff C.getaway D.getoutof 26.Readerscan_quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword. A.getover B.getin C.getalong D.getthrough 27.Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyouplea

23、se_? A.turniton B.turnitdown C.turnitup D.turnitoff 28.Itiswisetohavesomemoney foroldage. A.putaway B.keptup C.givenaway D.laidup 29.Weareallgoingtothegames.Whydontyoucome_? A.up B.across C.along D.to 30.She_hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright. A.lookedup B.lookedfor C.pickedout D.

24、pickedup 31.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_. A.beputup B.givein C.beturnedon D.goout 32.TheInternethasbrought_bigchangesinthewaywework. A.about B.out C.back D.up 33.Idont_rocknroll.Itsmuchtoonoisyformytaste. A.goafter B.goawaywith C.gointo D.goinfor 34.Itwasnotaserio

25、usillness,andshesoon_it. A.gotover B.gotonwith C.gotround D.gotoutof 35.Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen_completely. A.turneddownB.putout C.putaway D.turnedover 36.Insomewesterncountries,demandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshas_. A.turneddownB.turnedover C.fallendown D.fallenover 37.Youca

26、ntakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_thebookswhenyouvefinishedwiththem. A.puton B.putdown C.putback D.putoff 38.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidntquite_asplannedA.makeout B.turnout C.goon D.comeup 39.Itiscertainthathewill_hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.A.takeover B.thinkover C.handover D

27、.goover 40.Heaccidentally_hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadntbeenhomeforacoupleofweek. A.letout B.tookcare C.madesure D.madeout 41.Wehaveto_thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway. A.getaway B.getacross C.getthroughD.getin 42.Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould_it. A.directto B.stickt

28、o C.leadto D.referto 43.Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople_insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem. A.threwaway B.putaway C.gaveaway D.carriedaway 44.Itstenyearssincethescientist_onhislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical. A.madefor B.tookoff C.setout D.turnedup 45.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJo

29、hnson_cyclingasregularformofexerciseafterheretired. A.tookup B.caughton C.carriedon D.madefor 46.Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool_mostofherday. A.savesup B.makesup C.takesup D.putsup 47.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.Itstimeforusto_ourstudies. A.getdowntoB.getout C.getbackfor D.ge

30、tover 48.Afteralongwayshewastiredandherlegs_. A.gavein B.gaveout C.gaveup D.gaveaway 49.Failureisthemotherofsuccess._yourcourage. A.Keepup B.Keepoff C.Keepon D.Keepaway 50.Thepictureofthepark_memoriesofourclasstriplastyear. A.tookup B.cameup C.turnedup D.calledup 51.IfMarycarriesonworkinglikethis,sh

31、ell_soonerorlater. A.holdon B.giveout C.getdown D.breakdown 52.Ill_thematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience. A.lookinto B.lookafter C.lookthroughD.lookabout 53.Ican_somenoisewhileImstudying,butIcantstandloudnoise.A.keepupwithB.getalongwith C.catchupwithD.putupwith 54.Mycousindoesntknowwhatt

32、o_attheuniversity;hecantmakeuphismindabouthisfuture. A.takeon B.takeaway C.takeup D.takeafter 55.Peopleinthefar-awaymountainvillagecannot_thisprogram. A.takedown B.pickup C.putaway D.getalong 56.Thankyou,butIllhaveto_youroffer. A.turnaway B.turndown C.turnback D.turnoff 57.Restaurantsineverycornerof

33、Chengdunotonlyprovidejobopportunitiesbut_lotsoftaxesaswell. A.bringalongB.bringabout C.resultin D.resultfrom 58.Thecontinuousrain_theharvestingofthewheatbytwoweeks. A.setback B.setoff C.setout D.setaside 59.Itwasabadideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit_aswellaswehadhoped. A.cameoff B.madeou

34、t C.broughtout D.wentoff 60.Undergoodtreatment,Lindaisbeginningto_andwillsoonrecover.A.turnup B.pickout C.pickup D.showup 61.Isimplycouldntunderstandhowit_thatyoudidsomuchworkinsuchashorttime. A.cameup B.camealong C.cameback D.cameabout 62.IkeptaskingMr.Smithtostayforlunchandhefinally_. A.gaveup B.g

35、aveout C.gavein D.gaveaway 63.Difficultiesandhardshipshave_thebestcharacteroftheyounggeologist. A.broughtin B.broughtup C.broughtout D.broughtabout 64.Withoutproperlessons,youcould_alotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano. A.keepup B.pickup C.drawup D.catchup 65.Peter_alittlemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuya

36、carofhisowninthenearfuture.A.setsaside B.setsabout C.setsoff D.setsout 66.-Areyoureadytoleave? -Almost.IllbereadytoleavejustassoonasI_mywork. A.getthrough B.giveup C.carryout D.setabout 67.-HowisDennisgettingalongwithhiswork? -Well,hecanalways_anewideaforincreasingsales. A.comeabout B.comeupwith C.g

37、etwaywithD.getup 68.Allthechildrenontheplaygroundstaredupintotheskyuntilthenoiseoftheplane_. A.gaveup B.wentout C.diedaway D.tookoff 69.Dobecarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.Ifnotyoumayget_byapassingcar. A.runover B.runinto C.runout D.runacross 70.Itriedtoworkon,butIgotsotiredthatIcouldnolonger_. A.keep

38、out B.comedown C.comeup D.holdout 71.Johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto_allhistrouserstohismeasure. A.makeup B.giveaway C.bringin D.letout 72.Thehotelporter_anybodywhowasntwearingacollarandtie. A.turnedagainstB.turnedoff C.turnedaway D.turnedup 73.-WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White? -Hesa

39、lreadybeen_. A.askedfor B.sentfor C.calledfor D.lookedfor 74.SomeofthestudentshadlearnedenoughEnglishto_aconversationwithanativespeakerofEnglish. A.goon B.carryon C.keepon D.takeon 75.Itwasgettingdark.Wedecidedto_forthenightatafarmhouse. A.putup B.putaway C.putdown D.puton 76.HowIwishIcould_myideasi

40、nsimpleandwonderfulEnglishchattingontheInternet. A.setoff B.setout C.setover D.setup 77.Thephotographerneedstochargeupthedigitalcameraeverydayasthebattery_quickly. A.shutsup B.endsup C.runsout D.turnsout 78.Ifyoulackexperience,youcan_itthroughpractice. A.makeup B.makeupfor C.makeof D.makefrom 79.Ico

41、uldseeacarinthedistance,butcouldnt_whatcoloritwas.A.makeout B.seethrough C.lookout D.watchout 80.Manyforeigners_theGreatWallofChinaastheWorldsSeventhWonder. A.lookat B.lookfor C.lookaround D.lookon 81.-Notgettingthatjobwasabigdisappointment. -Dontworry.Somethingbetterwill_. A.comealong B.takeon C.go

42、on D.carryon 82.Eatingtoomuchfatcan_heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressureA.resultfromB.contributeto C.attendto D.devoteto 83.Idontfeelwell.IthinkIm_withtheflu. A.goingup B.droppedin C.gettingintouchD.comingdown 84.InBritaintoday,women_44%oftheworkforce,andnearlyhalfthemotherswithchildrenareinpaidwor

43、k. A.buildup B.makeup C.takeup D.sendup 85.Ourcityisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Ithas_anewlook. A.carriedon B.kepton C.takenon D.puton 86.Theschoolbuswas_bythickfog. A.heldup B.brokenoff C.keptup D.putoff 87.Wehadananxiousmoment,buteverything_allrightintheend. A.turnedoutB.turnedin C.turnedup D.turnedoff 88.InDisneyland,everyyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedto_signsaskinghis“guests”nottosteponthem. A.takedown B.callfor C.putup D.setup 89.Whenafire_attheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintingswerecompletelydestroyed. A.b